Electrochemical Synthesis of Mesoporous Architectured Ru Films Using Supramolecular Templates

The electrochemical synthesis of mesoporous ruthenium (Ru) films using sacrificial self‐assembled block polymer micelles templates, and its electrochemical surface oxidation to RuO_x is described. Unlike standard methods such as thermal oxidation, the electrochemical oxidation method described here retains the mesoporous structure. Ru oxide materials serve as high‐performance supercapacitor electrodes due to their excellent pseudocapacitive behavior. The mesoporous architectured film shows superior specific capacitance (467 F g^?1 _Ru) versus a nonporous Ru/RuO_x electrode (28 F g^?1 _Ru) that is prepared via the same method but omitting the pore‐directing polymer. Ultrahigh surface area materials will play an essential role in increasing the capacitance of this class of energy storage devices because the pseudocapacitive redox reaction occurs on the surface of electrodes.     

两种二硼化镁超导薄膜布图布线的湿法刻蚀技术(英文)

超导薄膜实现布图布线工艺是制备超导电子元件的必要步骤。报道了两种二硼化镁超导薄膜布图布线的湿法刻蚀技术:一种是先利用双氧水(H2O2)刻蚀前驱体硼薄膜,然后将刻蚀的样品放入钽坩埚中在镁蒸气下高温退火,实现了对超导薄膜二硼化镁(MgB2)布图布线的刻蚀;另一种是选用氢氟酸(HF)和硝酸(HNO3)的混合溶液直接在二硼化镁超导薄膜上进行图形刻蚀。通过上述两种方法刻蚀出的MgB2薄膜图形精确度高,超导转变温度Tc都在38K以上,临界电流Ic约为1×106 A/cm2。     

Mesoporous Metal Fluoride Nanocomposite Films with Tunable Optical Properties Derived from Precursor Instability

The precisely tailored refractive index of optical materials is the key to utilizing and manipulating light during its propagation through the matrix, thereby improving their application performances. In this paper, mesoporous metal fluoride films with engineered composition (MgF₂:LaF₃) are demonstrated to achieve finely tunable refractive indices. These films are prepared using a precursor-derived one-step assembly approach via the simple mixing of precursor solutions (Mg(CF₃OO)₂ and La(CF₃OO)₃); then pores are formed simultaneously during solidification owing to the inherent instability of La(CF₃OO)₃. The mesoporous structures are realized through Mg(CF₃OO)₂ and La(CF₃OO)₃ ions, which interacted with each other based on their electrostatic forces, providing a wide range of refractive indices (from 1.37 to 1.16 at 633 nm). Furthermore, it is systematically several MgF_2(1-x)-LaF_3(x) layers with different compositions (x = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) to form the graded refractive index coating that is optically consecutive between the substrate and the air for broadband and omnidirectional antireflection. An average transmittance of ≈98.03% (400–1100 nm) is achieved with a peak transmittance of ≈99.04% (at 571 nm), and the average antireflectivity is maintained at ≈15.75% even at an incidence of light of 65° (400–850 nm).     

介孔Au/ZrO2复合薄膜的制备及其三阶非线性光学性能（英文）

以尿素为沉淀剂,通过沉积沉淀的方法,制备了高分散的金纳米颗粒负载的介孔氧化锆薄膜;以1064 nm激光为入射光束,通过Z扫描实验测试了复合薄膜的非线性光学折射和吸收,并计算了复合薄膜的非共振三阶非线性光学极化率(~10-10esu),金纳米颗粒的高分散性和氧化锆薄膜衬底的高线性折射率使复合薄膜显示了增强的三阶非线性极化率.     

钇稳定氧化锆薄膜的制备及其微细加工

以甲醇为溶剂,硝酸氧锆、硝酸钇为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶方法,通过引入化学修饰剂乙酰丙酮(AcAcH),使乙酰丙酮和锆离子形成螯合物,得到了具有紫外光感光性的溶胶及其凝胶薄膜,提出了YSZ薄膜的微细图形加工新方法.UV-Vis.分光光度计的紫外光谱测试结果表明:乙酰丙酮与锆离子形成的螯合物在室温、可见光、大气环境下,可以存在于凝胶薄膜中,并具有较好的热稳定性和光化学稳定性,其紫外光谱的特征吸收峰大约在310nm附近;325nm紫外激光光源照射凝胶薄膜,能破坏、分解凝胶薄膜中的这种螯合物结构,使凝胶薄膜的物理化学性质发生变化,实验发现,经过紫外激光照射的凝胶薄膜在适当的有机溶剂(如甲醇等)中的溶解度和溶解速度显著降低,利用这一特性,采用325nm紫外激光通过掩膜照射凝胶薄膜,并在适当的有机溶剂中溶洗掉未受照射的区域,经过800℃,20min热处理,得到了具有微细图形的YSZ薄膜,XRD测试表明该薄膜相结构为立方相.     

聚酰亚胺膜分子自组装与激光诱导图形化学镀铜

为了摒弃化学镀铜中价格昂贵、环境污染的活化工艺,将分子自组装技术与激光诱导化学镀技术结合,在聚酰亚胺薄膜(PI)上成功实现了图形化微米级金属铜沉积:将PI薄膜通过KOH溶液进行表面水解;经离子交换和高温处理在PI表面束缚纳米银粒子,在PI表面自组装上一层十二硫醇的自组装膜;再用聚焦的激光光刻产生预期的图形,最后实施化学镀后,在PI表面上实现金属铜的图形化沉积.采用XPS,AFM,SEM,ATR-FTIR,半导体特性分析系1统和视频光学接触角测量仪等跟踪表征各过程.结果显示:沉积的铜线宽度为30μm,选择性、导电性良好,本法为化学镀技术提供一种新技术,可用于电子行业.     

Molten Salt Assisted Self‐Assembly: Synthesis of Mesoporous LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4 Thin Films and Investigation of Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Performance of Lithium Cobaltate

Mesoporous thin films of transition metal lithiates (TML) belong to an important group of materials for the advancement of electrochemical systems. This study demonstrates a simple one pot method to synthesize the first examples of mesoporous LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ thin films. Molten salt assisted self‐assembly can be used to establish an easy route to produce mesoporous TML thin films. The salts (LiNO₃ and [Co(H₂O)₆](NO₃)₂ or [Mn(H₂O)₄](NO₃)₂) and two surfactants (10‐lauryl ether and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or cethyltrimethylammonium nitrate (CTAN)) form stable liquid crystalline mesophases. The charged surfactant is needed for the assembly of the necessary amount of salt in the hydrophilic domains of the mesophase, which produces stable metal lithiate pore‐walls upon calcination. The films have a large pore size with a high surface area that can be increased up to 82 m² g^?1. The method described can be adopted to synthesize other metal oxides and metal lithiates. The mesoporous thin films of LiCoO₂ show promising performance as water oxidation catalysts under pH 7 and 14 conditions. The electrodes, prepared using CTAN as the cosurfactant, display the lowest overpotentials in the literature among other LiCoO₂ systems, as low as 376 mV at 10 mA cm^–2 and 282 mV at 1 mA cm^–2.     

模板剂F127对介孔SnO2的孔结构及电化学性能的影响

以SnCl₄·5H₂O和尿素为原料, 嵌段聚醚F127(EO₁₀₆-PO₇₀-EO₁₀₆)为模板剂, 通过水热法制备了介孔SnO₂材料。XRD、TEM和BET等分析结果表明, 模板剂F127添加量对介孔SnO₂的孔结构有重要影响。F127添加量增加, SnO₂比表面积增大, 孔容增大, 孔径分布变宽。电化学测试结果表明, 介孔的存在不仅能为锂离子脱嵌提供通道, 而且可以缓冲SnO₂的体积膨胀, 从而提高介孔SnO₂负极材料的电化学性能; 当F127添加量为6.0 g时, 所制备SnO₂具有124 m²/g的比表面积, 平均孔径为4.94 nm, 表现出最佳的循环性能和倍率性能, 在60 mA/g的电流密度下经30次循环后, 其可逆容量仍保持在434 mAh/g; 循环伏安测试表明部分高活性Li₂O的可逆还原提供了附加的可逆容量。     

Multiscale Modeling of Deformation in Polycrystalline Thin Metal Films on Substrates

The time‐dependent irreversible deformation of a thin metal film constrained by a substrate is investigated by a mesoscopic discrete dislocation simulation scheme incorporating information from atomistic studies of dislocation nucleation mechanisms. The simulations take into account dislocation climb along the grain boundaries in the film as well as dislocation glide along slip planes inclined and parallel to the film/substrate interface. The calculated flow stress and other features are compared with relevant experimental observations. The work is focused on deformation of a polycrystalline film without a cap layer, for which diffusive processes play an important role. The dislocation‐based simulations reveal information on the prevailing deformation mechanisms under different conditions and for different film thicknesses. Despite of the limitations of the two‐dimensional dislocation model, the simulations exhibit a film thickness dependent transition between creep dominated and dislocation glide dominated deformation, which is in good agreement with experimental observations.