橡胶工业有机废水降解微生物的驯化筛选与降解条件研究

用含M盐(2-硫醇基苯并噻唑)的橡胶工业有机废水驯化活性污泥,筛选出8株菌。纯化后进行混合培养,对其生长条件进行分析后发现:复合菌适合在30～35℃的偏碱性条件下生长,能耐受50 g/L盐度的影响。当添加葡萄糖和尿素后对复合菌生长影响较大,同时可使橡胶工业有机废水降解率分别提高18.6%和7.56%;无机离子也对复合菌的降解能力有一定的促进作用。采用综合正交试验得出:葡萄糖、尿素、菌量、转速分别为2g/L、1 g/L、20%、80 r/min为复合菌的最佳降解条件,最高降解率为68.24%,从而提高了投菌法的降解效率。     

高效降解焦化废水细菌的筛选

以筛选出能够高效降解焦化废水的更多种细菌为目的,应用了几种方法培养细菌,并对其降解效果和培养因素做了分析.通过2种培养基分离土著菌的效果比较,选择了一种焦化废水与营养物质混合配制的培养基,分离出的细菌中有20株对焦化废水的COD降解率在40%以上,且菌种具有一定的多样性.通过驯化的非土著菌对焦化废水的降解较差.用毒性物质驯化的焦化废水活性污泥,对COD的降解率提高了10%左右.某种菌剂比从其中分离的单株菌对焦化废水COD的降解率高35%左右.5株土著兼性菌的复合比单株菌对焦化废水COD的降解率高出20%.     

微生物处理机油污染废水研究

从油污土壤中筛选分离出两株高效机油降解菌ZL1，ZL2。初步鉴定为黄杆菌属和微球菌属，通过生长条件正交试验测定了温度，油含量和pH值对其降解能力的影响。在废水较高油浓度下进行了降解能力试验，试验表明：经2d左右时间ZL1，ZL2菌对于初始油质量浓度为270mg/L培养液的去除率分别达到67．9％和76．2％，其中ZL2菌对油含量和pH值有较广的适应范围。     

高效混合石油降解菌种的制备

经过分离、纯化、富集等操作,从咸阳某石化公司石油废水中分离了5种降解效果好的菌种。通过对这些菌种形态和生理特性进行分析,鉴别菌种到属。研究降解效率及菌种数量随时间变化的关系,探索单个菌种降解趋势。然后把单一菌种按不同比例混合,探索降解效果最优的复合菌种投加比例。实验结果表明:W_1为奈瑟氏球菌属,W_2和W_5为枯叶芽孢杆菌,W_3为假单胞菌属,W_4为动胶菌属,都是革兰氏阴性菌。随着时间的延长,单一菌种的降解效果逐渐增加,其中以W_3的降解效果最好,达到了40.60%。把不同的菌种进行正交实验,发现菌种最优投加比例为W_1∶W_2∶W_3∶W_4∶W_5=1∶0.5∶0.5∶1∶0.5时,混合菌种降解效果最好,达到了75.43%。     

高效降解多种氯化物优势混合菌的诱变筛选研究

对自然筛选出的优势混合菌进行紫外诱变，选育更高效降解多种氮化物的优势混合菌，得到了紫外诱变的最佳照射时间，探讨了紫外诱变筛选菌和未诱变菌对漂白废水的降解情况。研究发现，诱变菌与未诱变菌在菌落特征、个体形态和生长特征上有明显差异；诱变筛选出的B04菌处理效果最好，较未诱变菌CODcr降解率可提高19．71％，总氯(Tcr)的去除率可提高99．86％。     

优势菌对焦化废水中COD和氨氮处理的研究

为了提高焦化废水的生物降解率,采用活性污泥作菌种,对活性污泥的梯度驯化、优势菌的筛选和分离鉴定进行了探索性研究.结果得到5株优势菌,其中3株属于假单胞菌属,另外两株分别属于硝化杆菌属和微球菌属.对这5株的单一菌及其不同组合的混合菌进行了焦化废水降解对比实验.结果表明,焦化废水经优势菌处理48h后,COD的最高降解率为81.1%,氨氮为51.2%,初步得出:以焦化废水作为碳氮来源的梯度驯化法用于优势菌的筛选很有效.     

降解含油废水菌株的选育及性能试验

从被含油废水长期污染的活性污泥中筛选分离出能降解该废水的4种不同单一菌株。通过对各菌株降解能力的考察,其中菌株H1降解能力明显高于其它菌株。初步鉴定H1为假单胞菌属。该菌的最适合生长条件为:温度40℃,pH值为9,NaCl浓度为0.5mol/L。该菌株降解含油废水的最佳使用条件为:最佳菌体接种量为每100mL废水中投加2.0mL菌悬液;营养液中,生长因子是必需的营养成分;废水的碳氮质量比为3∶1时,H1菌株的降解率高出市售菌种的降解率20%以上,有效地解决了市售菌种因针对性不强而效果欠佳的难题,有望降低生产成本。     

PVA降解混合菌系处理模拟废水试验

将筛选出的一种能完全降解PVA浆料的混合菌系应用于模拟废水的处理,考察了染料和淀粉对该PVA降解混合菌系的影响。结果表明,染料对混合菌系降解PVA的影响不大,混合菌系对所添加染料的去除率虽低于20%,但可起到降低后续处理负荷的作用;淀粉会影响混合菌系对PVA的降解效果,降解率下降至92%左右。     

固定化白腐菌对造纸废水的生物降解研究

就具有较强木质素降解能力的白腐菌对造纸废水的降解效果及条件进行了初步研究.分别采用固定化白腐菌和悬浮态白腐菌在不同接种量下对造纸废水进行降解,对降解过程中的白腐菌生长量、pH、COD、木质素含量等废水降解指标进行测定.结果显示两种不同状态下的白腐菌均能降解造纸废水,但它们的降解程度不同.其中固定化白腐菌降解木质素效果较好,且呈现较明显规律,说明固定化的白腐菌较悬浮态的白腐菌更具有降解造纸废水的潜在能力.     

混合菌对精噁唑禾草灵微生物降解的初步研究

以产碱菌属H(Alcaligenes.sp.H)以及其紫外诱变菌Huv(Alcaligenes.sp.Huv)为菌源,研究了这两种混合菌降解精噁唑禾草灵的效果.结果表明,Alcaligenes.sp.H和Alcaligenes.sp.Huv三种不同比例的混合菌降解精噁唑禾草灵的效果明显优于H单菌,其中当H菌和Huv菌比例为1:2.5时,明显优于H和Huv二种单菌对精噁唑禾草灵的降解效果.     

Removal efficiency of heavy oil by free and immobilised microorganisms on laboratory‐scale

This study explored free and immobilised microorganisms to degrade heavy oil. Two oil‐degrading bacterial strains (W‐1 and W‐2) were isolated from heavy oil wastewater samples collected from Shengli Oil Field in China. W‐1 and W‐2, identified as Rhosococcus sp. and Bacillus cereus sp., respectively, were tested for their growth behaviour and optimal growth conditions in the laboratory. The obtained results showed that the optimal growth conditions for W‐1 and W‐2 were identified as pH of 8, temperature of 40°C, and salinity of 2% and 4%, respectively. The environmental conditions affecting oil‐degrading efficiency by W‐1 and W‐2 were optimised in the media containing 0.3% heavy oil. The results showed that the optimal degradation and optimal growth conditions were similar, and the oil degradation rates of W‐1 and W‐2 were about 34.6% and 45.3%, respectively after 5 days. W‐1 and W‐2 capable of degrading oil was immobilised in calcium alginate gel beads containing active carbon and used for degradation of heavy oil. The heavy oil biodegradability of immobilised bacteria improved dramatically, compared with that of the free ones. The heavy oil biodegradation rates of immobilised W‐2 were found to be maximal at the same optimal growth conditions of pH, temperature, and salinity as the free ones. The best biodegradation rate of immobilised W‐2 reached above 78%, which is 33% than that of the free W‐2. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Biodegradation of Phenol from Wastewater by Microorganism Immobilized in Bentonite and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Gel

This study presents a microbial process for phenol degradation in coking wastewater. The optimum immobilized condition of the strain for degrading phenol was determined through orthogonal experiment. The free and immobilized microorganisms were examined for their capabilities on degrading phenol. Results indicated that the optimum immobilized conditions were 20% microorganism suspension, 5% bentonite, 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose content, and 1 h of crosslinking time. The biodegradation rate was optimized at 35°C and 0.23 gmL^?1 of immobilized microorganism bead. The degrading rate for the immobilized microorganism bead was up to 95.96% at an initial phenol concentration of 100 mgL^?1; however, the immobilized microorganism considerably took more time (288 h) to reach 94.6% removal efficiency at a much higher concentration of 1000 mgL^?1. The batch experiment demonstrated that 94.50% of phenol was removed using the beads with the immobilized microorganism at an initial concentration of 500 mgL^?1. By contrast, only 24.60% and 33.88% of phenol were degraded using the gel beads without and with free microorganisms, respectively. The immobilized microorganism beads can used reused for up to nine cycles at the same initial phenol concentration (50 mgL^?1) and can be stored up to 40 d without loss of its degradation capacity.     

七株菌降解聚丙烯酰胺最佳条件的研究

从油田污水中分离出7株具有降解聚丙烯酰胺能力的细菌,探索了碳源、氮源、反应温度、时间对混合菌降解聚丙烯酰胺效果的影响,以及7株菌单独降解聚丙烯酰胺的效果.测定反应后溶液的pH值、OD660值、运动粘度值,综合考虑三个指标确定聚丙烯酰胺降解的最佳条件.     

难降解有机废水的高效优势菌的研究进展

难降解有机废水对环境造成了严重的污染，利用高效优势菌处理难降解有机废水具有效率高、成本低、无二次污染的优点。作者综述了高效优势菌的分类和在各类难降解废水中的应用，以及高效混合菌培育技术的研究进展。     

现代生物技术在难降解有机废水处理中的应用

主要介绍了微生物与难降解有机废水处理的最新研究情况,重点综述了高效菌种筛选技术、固定化微生物技术和遗传工程技术等现代生物技术在难降解有机废水中的应用,也简单介绍了聚合酶链式反应技术用于检测废水中的微生物种类．最后对难降解有机废水的现代生物技术处理的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Phenol degradation by isolated bacterial strains: kinetics study and application in coking wastewater treatment

BACKGROUND: In biological treatment of coking wastewater, phenol may decrease the treatment efficiency because of its high concentration and toxicity to microorganisms. Bioaugmentation has been regarded as a good improvement of the traditional biological treatment using isolated degrading strains. In this study, two phenol degrading strains, Pseudomonas sp. PCT01 and PTS02, were isolated and investigated for degradation ability and application to real coking wastewater treatment. RESULTS: Complete phenol degradation was achieved after 18 h inoculation in medium containing 229‐461 mg L^?1 of phenol for both strains. The presence of phenol, pyridine and other compounds in mixed substrate or in coking wastewater prolonged the degradation to 20‐32 h with an initial phenol concentration of 160‐280 mg L^?1. The study of degradation kinetics yielded a two‐stage model to describe the effect of the initial phenol concentration and inhibitory compounds on phenol degradation. The highest degradation rate constant of the second stage, 1.25 h^?1 for PCT01 and 0.75 h^?1 for PTS02, was obtained at low phenol concentration in a single substrate. CONCLUSION: It was found that both strains could degrade phenol effectively and maintain their phenol degradation ability in coking wastewater, and therefore could be used for bioaugmentation treatment of coking wastewater. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

假单胞菌代谢尼古丁研究进展

假单胞菌和节杆菌是两种最重要的尼古丁降解菌,目前节杆菌降解尼古丁的代谢途径、代谢相关基因和酶学机制都已经研究清楚,但是对假单胞菌降解尼古丁的研究尚不完善。本文将主要针对假单胞菌,从目前分离到的假单胞菌属微生物的菌株种类、代谢途径、代谢相关基因和酶学机制等方面阐述假单胞菌属微生物降解尼古丁的研究进展。     

低温微生物的适冷性及其应用

对低温微生物的概念、分布与分类进行了介绍,主要从低温微生物的适冷性方面综述了其生理特性,在低温环境下对污染物的生物降解作用,讨论了低温微生物在污水处理中的应用,对环境保护具有一定的理论意义。     

有机化工废水COD高效降解菌的分离筛选及应用

利用有机化工废水培养基从新疆高海拔盐湖样品中分离筛选到COD降解菌18株,对COD降解率高的8株菌株混合后处理废水,与其他普通活性污泥相比,COD去除率更高(86.3%)。经16S r DNA初步鉴定,该8株菌分别属于拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes、厚壁菌门Firmicutes和变形菌门Proteobacteria。将该混合菌群用于生物曝气池试验,添加尿素0.75 g/L作为氮源,其COD降解率可达82.5%;添加金枪鱼蛋白胨0.5 g/L可使COD降解率提高到92.2%。     

石油降解优势菌的筛选和降解性能

从长期污染的油田土壤中筛选分离出4株石油优势降解菌和1组原始天然组合的混合菌，并对其石油降解性能进行了初步研究。结果表明有3株菌在中性或偏碱性的pH值条件下降解效果最佳，在5d时间内石油去除率高达61.85％；无机离子对菌株的石油降解有很大影响，其中常量无机离子Mg^2＋,Ca^2＋起主要作用，微量无机离子的影响较小；混合菌株对外界不利条件（如偏酸偏碱或缺少生长元素等情况下）的承受能力明显高于纯种菌株。