复合型外墙隔热涂料的研究

以纯丙乳液(TBH)为基料,添加工业堇青石、空心玻璃微珠、钛白粉等为填料,制备复合型外墙隔热涂料.并通过L16(42)正交试验和极差分析得出最佳配方.研究表明:红外填料堇青石对提高涂料隔热效果明显,在基本配方中添加2.0g堇青石热反射率达90.7%;当复合添加空心玻璃微珠10.0g、堇青石2.0g时,所配制的隔热涂料的热反射率高达91.67%,超过了国外反射率＞75%的要求.     

隔热功能涂料的研究与发展趋势

具有高反射、低导热率等优点的隔热功能涂料越来越受到人们的重视.从隔热功能可能的实现途径出发,提出了多层隔热功能涂层的复合结构模型,分析了目前国内外应用的各类成膜物质、反射功能填料、隔热功能填料等对隔热性能的影响,概述了隔热功能涂料国内外研究现状,并预测了隔热功能涂料今后的发展前景.     

TiO2包覆粉煤灰漂珠外墙隔热涂料的研究

为研制出低成本、高热反射率的外墙隔热涂料,采用非均相沉淀法制备了TiO2包覆粉煤灰漂珠隔热填料.对包覆材料进行了XRD、SEM和白度分析,并对隔热涂料的热反射率进行了测定.研究表明:TiO2包覆粉煤灰漂珠材料反射近红外辐射与阻止热传导的效果显著.反应6h所制备的包覆材料,其表面的TiO2分布均匀,且白度较高;在基本配方中添加3g该包覆填料所制备的隔热涂料,其热反射率达94.3%.     

硅溶胶-纯丙复合乳液反射隔热涂料的制备及性能

研究了一种以硅溶胶和纯丙乳液为复合基料的反射隔热涂料。研究表明,基料中硅溶胶比例增加有助于提高涂膜的太阳光反射比和污染后的太阳光反射比,涂膜表面对水的接触角也逐渐增大。通过正交试验确定了混合基料的最佳方案:硅溶胶粒径为10~15 nm,硅溶胶与纯丙乳液的比例为5∶4,硅烷偶联剂的添加量为4%。研究了二氧化钛的种类和含量对涂膜反射隔热性能的影响,使用改性二氧化钛,相对于金红石型二氧化钛,涂膜的太阳光反射比、近红外反射比以及隔热温差有很大提高。此外,研究了辐射型填料的粒径和含量对涂膜半球发射率与隔热性能的影响,使用粒径为1.05μm辐射型填料,添加量为8%时,涂膜的半球发射率达到最大。最终制备出一种具有耐沾污、高热反射和辐射能力的无机-有机复合型反射隔热涂料。     

热反射隔热涂料的制备与隔热性能

系统研究了成膜基料、隔热颜料、空心玻璃微珠含量、涂层厚度以及耐玷污透明涂层各种因素对热反射隔热涂料隔热效果和隔热持久性的影响及作用规律。结果表明,以丙烯酸酯乳液为成膜基料,二氧化钛质量分数为20%,空心玻璃微珠含量为11%,涂层厚度为1.2mm时并辅助含氟硅的耐玷污透明涂层,制备出的热反射隔热涂料的太阳光反射率为91%,半球发射率为86%,均超过了JG/T235-2008《建筑反射隔热涂料》行业标准中的技术指标,且具有良好的自清洁性能,项目成果实现了产业化。     

多功能水性纳米复合建筑隔热涂料的制备

以水性聚氨酯为成膜剂,以分散良好的滑石粉和绢云母为填料,金红石型二氧化钛、空心玻璃微珠为隔热功能颜填料,采用高速分散提高纳米填料在涂料中的分散性,制备具有三种隔热机理协同作用的水性纳米复合隔热涂料。实验表明:绢云母具有较高的辐射隔热效果,其最佳用量(质量分数)为10%;空心微珠为高反射隔热填料,随着空心微珠添加量的增加,隔热性能提高,而过多空心微珠会导致涂料机械性能下降,其最佳用量(质量分数)为5%;金红石型二氧化钛是性能最好的反射填料,其最佳用量(质量分数)为6%;涂刷最佳厚度为400μm,含绢云母、空心微珠和二氧化钛复合型水性纳米涂料隔热性能最优隔热率达到94%以上。     

水玻璃/膨润土水性膨胀防火涂料的研究

为了改善水性防火涂料耐水性差的缺点,进一步延长防火涂料的耐燃时间,采用改性水玻璃和乳胶粉为成膜基料,以聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇为膨胀阻燃体系,滑石粉、钛白粉、玻璃微珠为填料制备了一种新型饰面膨胀防火涂料。结果表明,将15g水玻璃、5g钠基膨润土、0.5g三乙醇胺、0.5g二甲基硅油搅拌分散均匀,同时加入质量浓度为4%盐酸溶液调节体系pH值至8.5左右,制备成改性水玻璃与9g乳胶粉混合并用作为成膜基料,涂料的耐水时间为24h;对阻燃体系进行正交优化表明,当加入聚磷酸铵32g、三聚氰胺16g、季戊四醇11g时,涂料的耐火时间可达58min。     

环氧改性有机硅氧烷高温隔热涂料研究

采用环氧改性有机硅氧烷树脂为主要成膜物,以空心玻璃微珠和硅酸盐(高岭土、滑石粉、云母粉等)为主要隔热填料,制备了在常温固化的耐高温隔热涂料。采用扫描电镜对隔热涂料的微观形貌进行表征,讨论了高温下涂层的耐热与隔热机理以及高温下(600℃)涂层厚度和隔热填料对涂层隔热性能的影响。     

新型保温隔热外墙涂料的研制

以碳酸钙、金红石型二氧化钛、空心玻璃微珠、氧化锌为颜填料,以苯丙乳液为主成膜物,制备出的建筑外墙保温隔热涂料,其常规性能符合外墙涂料的相关标准要求。研究了添加碳酸钙、金红石型二氧化钛和氧化锌三种填料及复合添加四种填料对涂层隔热性能的影响。结果表明：添加碳酸钙、金红石型二氧化钛和氧化锌可提高涂层隔热性能;复合掺入碳酸钙、金红石型二氧化钛、氧化锌和空心玻璃微珠可进一步提高涂层隔热性能。掺加15％碳酸钙、7％金红石型二氧化钛、5％氧化锌和8％空心玻璃微珠时,隔热温差为7．9℃,导热系数为0．0767W／（m·K）,具有明显的保温隔热效果。     

热反射建筑功能涂料生产技术

技术简介 热反射隔热外墙建筑涂料是由高分子有机树脂添加特种填料配制而成的一种功能性涂料。既有一般涂料耐老化、耐酸、耐碱等特点，又具有耐高强辐射、反射太阳光和阻隔热能传递的特性，是集外墙装饰与隔热降温为一体的新型特种功能性涂料。该涂料与一般涂料具有本质上的区别：在夏季能阻隔墙体吸收太阳能降低室内温度的作用，     

Linear-stability Analysis of Thermocapillary Flow in an Annular Two-layer System with Upper Rigid Wall

The linear-stability analysis of thermocapillary flow in the annular immiscible two-layer system of 5cSt silicone oil and HT-70 with a radial temperature gradient was carried out. The annular two-layer system is heated at the outer cylindrical wall and cooled at the inner wall, the bottom and top surfaces are bounded by two rigid and heat-insulated walls. The influences of the liquid layer depth and radius ratio between the cold inner wall and the hot outer wall on stability are thoroughly investigated. The critical Marangoni number, critical wave number and critical phase velocity are obtained. In addition, the mode of bifurcation for the hydrothermal wave is predicted at different liquid layer depth, and the temperature disturbance pattern of hydrothermal wave at interface is also exhibited.     

聚氨酯改性丙烯酸酯漆类研究

将丙烯酸羟乙酯与丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯共聚后,制成的漆为一组分,１ｍｏｌ三羟甲基丙烷与３ｍｏｌ甲苯二异氰酸酯的加成物为另一组分,使用时将两组分按一定比例混匀后制得的漆膜的硬度、附着力、耐水性、耐溶剂性、耐化学药品性都较单纯的丙烯酯漆类大大提高,磨损指数可低于６５台贝尔     

The temperature recovery factor in a boundary layer on a permeable plate

A numerical investigation of the boundary layer on a permeable wall in a supersonic gas flow is performed using a differential turbulence model. Temperature recovery factors are obtained for a series of Prandtl numbers and gas suction or injection in a wide range of the permeability factor from critical injection to asymptotic suction. With the example of air injection into a supersonic air flow, two methods for determining the temperature of a heat-insulated permeable wall are considered. The first is to solve the problem with a boundary condition of zero heat flux to the wall. The second is similar to an experimental method when the temperature of the gas injected at a section along the plate length becomes equal to the wall temperature. The heat-insulated wall temperatures and temperature recovery factors obtained by these two methods for injection below the critical one are close to each other. In case of critical injection, these two methods yield different results.     

The impact of a thermoelastic rod against a rigid heated barrier

The impact of a thermoelastic rod with a heat-insulated lateral surface against a rigid heated barrier is considered. The heat exchange between the rod and the wall occurs at one of its ends contacting with the wall, while the other end is heat-insulated and free from external forces. The behaviour of the rod during the impact process is described by the Green-Naghdy theory which allows one to take finite speed of heat propagation into account, neglecting therewith thermal relaxation. The Laplace integral transform with the subsequent expansion of the found images in terms of the natural functions of the problem is used as a method of solution, which is found in explicit exact closed form. The analytical time-dependence of displacements, stresses, and temperature at each rod particle is obtained. The emphasis is on the analysis of the contact stress, the temperature of the colliding bodies during their contact interaction, and on the detection of the duration of contact of the rod with the rigid wall. It is shown that the contact time essentially depends on the relationship between the mechanical and thermal values.     

纳米SiO2/环氧复合钢板涂层材料机械及耐腐蚀性能

研究了纳米SiO₂添加量对环氧复合钢板涂层硬度、 T弯和应变等机械性能的影响, 并通过盐雾试验和电化学交流阻抗技术对涂层的耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。研究表明, 纳米SiO₂添加量为2.0%时, 涂层性能有较大的提高, 铅笔硬度从H提高到2H, T弯从4T改善到2T, 涂层的耐盐雾时间也由720h增加到1030h, 提高了40％以上。从电化学交流阻抗谱图得出, 添加量为2.0%的纳米SiO₂复合涂层的阻抗值最大, 高于未添加纳米SiO₂涂层的阻抗值近2个数量级。另外, 涂层的SEM照片显示, 纳米SiO₂添加量为2.0%时, 颗粒较均匀地分散, 黏接紧密, 形成较为致密的复合涂层。      

Thermal wave measurement of wet paint film thickness

Thermal wave phase measurements are reported on the drying of wet paint films on aluminium substrates. Measurements of the change in thickness as the paint dries have also been obtained using a differential focussing technique on an optical microscope. By including the optical microscope measurements of the drying paint film thickness together with estimates for the density and thermal properties of the drying and cured paint, predictions have been made of the thermal phase/thickness relationships for the wet, dry, curing and cured paints. It is concluded that a phase measurement on the wet paints could be used to predict a final cured paint thickness with an accuracy of approximately ±2 μm. Errors in predicting cured film thickness from a wet film thermal phase measurement arises principally from uncertainty over the solvent content of the wet paint film, the state of cure, and the consequent uncertainty over the paint density and thermal properties.     

马钢汽车用钢与PPG阴极电泳涂料配套性研究

本文以马钢汽车用钢为基板,结合PPG阴极电泳漆涂料及其实际生产工艺参数,探讨了电泳漕液中的pH值、电泳电压、电泳时间对漆膜的外观状态和膜厚的影响。通过优化试验得出在电泳漕液的pH值为5．8,电泳电压为200V和电泳时间180s的条件下,所获得的漆膜外观和膜厚较佳。根据化工行业标准HG／T3952—2007中阴极电泳涂料和部分汽车企业关于阴极电泳漆膜的评价,对本试验的电泳漆膜综合性能进行比较性研究,结果表明：通过上述条件做得的电泳漆膜性能完全符合工业企业对汽车底漆的性能要求,也进一步证明马钢汽车用钢与PPG阴极电泳漆完全配套性,藉此可以在汽车行业中推广应用。     

Spectroscopic studies on the darkening of lead white

Lead white is an historically important paint used by artists since antiquity. The darkening of lead white has been well documented in works of art such as paintings. In this paper, mid-infrared (MIR) and visible spectroscopy were used to examine spectral changes accompanying the darkening of lead white paint as a result of exposure to H2S(g). Laboratory-prepared paint and a commercial lead white paint were used to observe the darkening reaction over time. Structural changes to the pigment, 2PbCO3.Pb(OH)2, in lead white were readily detected using MIR by applying a thin film on a KBr pellet. Spectral changes at 3541 (O-H stretch), 1400 (C-O), and 680 cm-1 (C-O) were the most significant over time as the paint darkened. Visible spectra were also collected to provide a semi-quantitative measure of color change with structural changes observed by MIR. Experiments in the visible region were also conducted to compare the spectral response as % reflected and % transmitted light as lead white darkened. The effect of different binding agents (egg tempera, linseed oil, water, and gum Arabic) on the rate of darkening of lead white was also examined. Other sulfur-containing pigments such as orpiment and realgar were also tested for their ability to darken lead white. By applying paint as a thin film inside a sealed cuvette, darkening of lead white was observed in the visible spectra (800 nm) when either powdered orpiment or realgar was in placed in the cuvette for 24 h.     

硬质合金内衬的组合超高压筒体优化设计

研究了硬质合金内衬的多层组合超高压筒体的强度优化设计。以等强度理论为设计原则,建立了以各外层径比(外径与内径的比值)为变量,容器总径比为约束,弹性承压能力最大为目标的优化设计数学模型。应用Lagrange乘子法进行优化,得到了各层最优径比公式及最大内压公式。在此基础上,从叠加原理出发,推导了不同材料多层容器的层间缩套压力及过盈量的最优精确解。最后通过实际算例与分析表明,硬质合金内衬的组合容器需要更大的缩套压力,对于三层容器,中间层和内衬主要承担径向压应力,而外层主要承担周向拉应力。