共沉淀法制备LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2正极材料工艺条件探究

共沉淀法可高效、低能耗制备出较高纯度的球形层状LiNi_1-x-yCo_xMn_yO₂正极材料,广泛应用于基础研究和工业生产中,主要包括液相共沉淀及高温煅烧过程。对这两个过程中涉及的机理进行了阐述,并分析相关影响因素,考察了共沉淀制备前体这个关键步骤中颗粒成核过程以及Ni、Co、Mn 3种金属离子发生的络合及沉淀反应。通过建立的反应和热力学平衡方程,分析未沉淀的3种金属离子及其相互之间比值随pH和氨水加入量的二维变化,首次定量得出制备所需Ni、Co、Mn配比三元正极材料的理论最佳条件。此外,从前体及正极材料的结构特性以及最终材料的电化学活性出发,定性探究了最优操作条件。最后,展望了三元正极材料工艺条件优化的科学方法。     

共沉淀法合成锂电池正极材料LiFePO_4工艺的研究

采用共沉淀法合成了纯相橄榄石型LiFePO4粉体。利用XRD、SEM研究了原料配比、合成温度、保温时间等合成工艺条件与产物的物相组成、晶粒尺寸和颗粒形貌的关系。结果表明:在FeSO4:LiOH:H3PO4=1:3:1、合成反应温度650℃、保温时间6小时的工艺条件下,能够合成颗粒尺寸形貌符合正极材料要求的纯相橄榄石型LiFePO4。     

共沉淀法制备高镍氧化物正极材料前体研究进展

高镍氧化物正极材料（Ni质量分数≥0.8）具有高比容量、高压实密度、低成本等优势,能够满足下一代动力电池低钴和高能量密度的需求。其中,氢氧化物前体的尺寸、球形度、粒度分布以及纳米片堆积方式等直接影响最终产品的性能。共沉淀法是目前普遍采用的商业化制备氢氧化物前体的途径。在合成过程中,反应体系溶液的pH、氨水浓度、进料速度等影响产物沉淀速率和产品质量,而反应釜的结构优化有助于提高溶液的混合、热质传递等。本文结合共沉淀反应工艺参数的理论计算,介绍了制备高镍氧化物正极材料前体连续搅拌反应器系统（CSTR）的结构设计原理,总结了合成工艺参数对前体成核生长、微结构的影响规律,介绍了共沉淀法制备优质前体的关键因素。最后,通过分析我国高镍氧化物前体的市场现状,展望了共沉淀法制备前体的未来发展趋势。     

共沉淀法制备LiNi_(1-x-y)Co_xMn_yO_2正极材料工艺条件探究

共沉淀法可高效、低能耗制备出较高纯度的球形层状Li Ni1-x-yCoxMnyO2正极材料,广泛应用于基础研究和工业生产中,主要包括液相共沉淀及高温煅烧过程。对这两个过程中涉及的机理进行了阐述,并分析相关影响因素,考察了共沉淀制备前体这个关键步骤中颗粒成核过程以及Ni、Co、Mn 3种金属离子发生的络合及沉淀反应。通过建立的反应和热力学平衡方程,分析未沉淀的3种金属离子及其相互之间比值随pH和氨水加入量的二维变化,首次定量得出制备所需Ni、Co、Mn配比三元正极材料的理论最佳条件。此外,从前体及正极材料的结构特性以及最终材料的电化学活性出发,定性探究了最优操作条件。最后,展望了三元正极材料工艺条件优化的科学方法。     

不同锂比Li1+xNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2+δ材料的合成

锂离子正极材料主要集中在钻系、镍系、锰系、铁系.镍钻锰酸锂三元材料以其更低的制备成本和较好的电化学性能也引起了人们的广泛关注.目前对于三元材料的合成一般是先通过氧氧化物共沉淀法,在氨水的辅助下先合成前驱体,然后再经过高温烧结合成目标材料.这种前驱体合成方法对工艺参数要求高,较难稳定控制,并且氨水的使用对环境将造成污染.本文通过碳酸盐共沉淀法合成(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4)CO3,前驱体来避免上述问题,并且通过合理的制备过程,以不同锂比合成Li1+xNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2+δ材料.     

共沉淀法制备NZP族低膨胀陶瓷前驱体BZP的工艺探索与研究

本实验用共沉淀法合成磷酸盐陶瓷粉体。合成过程中分析了加料顺序的影响,考察了反应物浓度、反应溶液的pH值、溶液反应时间、煅烧温度等因素对合成率的影响。实验结果表明：共沉淀反应过程中PH=9,采取反加料顺序,并保持沉淀剂（NH4）2HPO4过量,对共沉淀物用乙醇进行分散处理后在950℃煅烧2h,经过XRD分析发现可得到合成率极高、结晶良好的单相BaZr4（PO4）（6BZP）粉体。     

石墨烯包覆LiFePO_4共沉淀-焙烧法制备及性能研究

以氧化石墨烯和抗坏血酸为包覆碳源,采用共沉淀-焙烧法制备了LiFePO4/G和LiFePO4/C正极材料,并通过X-射线衍射图谱(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)对合成材料进行结构及形貌分析,并采用循环伏安(CV)、恒电流充放电等表征手段对合成材料进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,石墨烯和碳颗粒的引入没有改变LiFePO4橄榄石晶体结构,石墨烯在细化颗粒和均匀分布上的效果优于普通碳颗粒,使LiFePO4/G表现出更加优越的电化学性能,在0.1C倍率时的放电容量为134 mAh·g-1,充放电循环20次后容量保持率可达到98.8%。     

正极材料LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2共沉淀合成法的研究

讨论了焙烧温度对LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2的共沉淀法合成过程的影响,结合XRD、SEM、振实密度分析和充放电测试等手段获得了共沉淀法制备LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2的最佳合成温度。获得了共沉淀法制备LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2的最佳焙烧温度为900℃,在上述最佳焙烧温度条件下合成的正极材料具有优异的电化学性能。     

新能源汽车动力电池正极材料回收技术进展

综合分析了我国新能源汽车废旧锂电池正极材料的回收再生技术现状，主要包括废旧锂离子电池的预处理工艺、有价金属的选择性提取工艺及锂离子电池正极材料的再合成工艺，并对工艺中各种方法进行对比，分析了优缺点。最后对废旧锂离子电池回收技术发展趋势进行了展望。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的研究现状

本文综述了锂离子电池正极材料尖晶石型LiMn2O4的国内外研究现状,在分析尖晶石型LiMn2O4结构和其作为正极材料相关理论的基础上,阐述了合成技术,包括制备方法、合成温度、材料粒径等对LiMn2O4材料性能的影响;并就掺杂改性分析了选择合适的掺杂离子、掺杂量、合成工艺等对材料性能的影响。     

Development of a hybrid neural network model to predict feeding method in fed‐batch cultivation for enhanced recombinant streptokinase productivity in Escherichia coli

BACKGROUND: A simple and efficient model for enhancing production of recombinant proteins is essential for cost effective development of processes at industrial scale. A hybrid neural network (HNN) model is proposed combining an unstructured model and neural network to predict the feeding method for the post‐induction phase of fed‐batch cultivation for increased recombinant streptokinase activity in Escherichia coli. RESULTS: The parameters of the unstructured model were estimated from experiments conducted with various feeding methods. The simulated model described the dynamics of the process satisfactorily, however, its predictive capability of the process for different feeding methods is limited due to wide disparity in process parameters. In contrast, a neural network model trained to map the variations in process parameters to state variables complements the ‘first principle’ model in predicting the state variables effectively. CONCLUSIONS: The HNN model is able to predict the product profile for different substrate feed rates. Further, the average volumetric streptokinase activity predicted by the HNN model matches closely the experimental values for fed‐batches having high as well as low streptokinase activity. The HNN model developed in this study could facilitate development of a process for recombinant protein production with minimum number of experiments. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Reactivity stabilization and capacity study of fabricated alumina and zirconia-supported CaO-based sorbents for high-temperature CO2 capture in a fixed-bed reactor

Calcium looping process is a promising approach for CO₂ capture from the flue gas of fossil fuel power plants and the cement industry. Even though the advantages of calcium-based sorbents are low cost and high uptake capacity, they suffer from low durability during cycles. Modified sorbents were fabricated by adding alumina and zirconia and the mixture of alumina and zirconia to calcium oxide via the co-precipitation method. The performance of synthesized sorbents in terms of stability and CO₂ capture capacity were evaluated using a fixed bed reactor in various CO₂ sorption/desorption cycles. The sorbents were fabricated by a co-precipitation methodology using 10% binders (alumina and/or silica). X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET/BJH, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted for characterization of synthesized sorbents. CaO-10% ZrO₂ showed the best performance among the fabricated sorbents in terms of stability during 5 cycles and CO₂ capacity (14 mmol CO₂/g sorbent). The formation of CaZrO₃ with a perovskite structure and high-temperature resistance could be attributed to well performance of zirconia-supported sorbent. On the other hand, no sign of aluminum zirconate formation was approved in XRD analysis for the fabricated sorbent using mixed binders of zirconia and alumina to enhance its stability during cycles.     

共沉淀法合成磷酸铁锂的途径概述

共沉淀法合成LiFePO4材料的步骤简单,成本低且颗粒均匀,通过控制材料的形貌,粒径,可制备出高振实密度,高倍率性能良好的材料。随着对共沉淀法的深入研究,合成的途径也越来越多,文章介绍了不同LiFePO4材料的合成途径和各种途径的优缺点,并对共沉淀法包覆和掺杂改性的研究情况做了简单的介绍。     

Offline prediction of process windows for robust injection molding

Process parameters play a highly significant role in the final quality of parts produced using dynamic injection molding. Many researches have made great efforts in obtaining an optimum set of process parameters for improving molded part qualities with various optimization methods. However, this work has failed to provide sufficient information to adjust process parameters in the face of variable environmental conditions and various injection machines to ensure robust, high‐quality injection moldings. Current conditions are too cumbersome and require technologists to perform repeated, detailed optimization procedures on the mass production plant floor. An offline method for prediction of process windows is proposed in this article. The process window is significant for robust manufacturing, and optimization of process parameters. Considering that it is an irregular region in a multi‐dimensional space respecting to process parameters, numerical simulations based on DOE method were designed to offline build relationships between process parameters and part qualities. Then the simulation results were classified as positive or negative class, thereby yielding simulation sample data. Finally, the process window was verified using an SVM classifier and a set of simulation samples. Injection molding of an experimental production plate using various process parameters was conducted to verify the reliability of the predicted process window. The results show that, within tolerable deviations, the predicted window of experimental parts is in accordance with verification experiments. The proposed method demonstrates an ability to rapidly obtain a suitable set of process parameters for achieving consistency in part quality with low cost and high efficiency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40804.     

纳米零价铁强化高岭石去除水中Cr(VI)及机制研究

纳米零价铁(nZVI)作为一种治理重金属、核素污染物的环保材料而被广泛关注,而黏土矿物作为常见的重金属吸附材料虽成本低廉、来源广泛,但去除性能又普遍有限。通过液相还原法制备nZVI/高岭石复合材料来强化高岭石去除水中Cr(VI)的性能,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)技术对其结构进行表征,考察了Cr(VI)初始浓度、nZVI/高岭石投加量、温度等条件对Cr(VI)去除率的影响,并探讨了其对水中Cr(VI)的去除能力及机制。结果表明,nZVI/高岭石中的nZVI结晶度低,粒径在50~100 nm,nZVI/高岭石在60 min时对Cr(VI)的去除率达91.7%,分别比nZVI和高岭石提高了2.7倍和18.5倍。nZVI/高岭石对Cr(VI)的去除动力学符合准二级动力学模型,表观反应活化能为27.97 kJ/mol,去除是吸附、还原和共沉淀共同作用的结果。通过nZVI强化可提升高岭土在水处理和环境修复中的应用前景。     

模糊自整定PID控制方案在自动加药系统中的应用

在选矿工艺中,加药过程是影响选矿品质的重要因素,传统浮选加药主要采用人工加药或定量加药方式,其缺点是误差大、效率低和成本高。因此,提出一种模糊自整定PID控制方案,对加药过程进行自动控制。投产后,运行稳定,效果良好。     

低温燃烧合成YAl_(1-x)Cr_xO_3红色颜料

以硝酸盐-尿素为反应体系,采用低温燃烧法(LCS)制备了YAl1-xCrxO3红色陶瓷颜料。通过研究硝酸盐与尿素的摩尔比、溶液pH值、加热温度等主要工艺参数,得出了凝胶形成的最佳条件,并进一步研究了煅烧温度对YAl1-xCrxO3红色陶瓷颜料形成的影响及颜料的呈色机理。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、分光测色仪对颜料粉体进行了表征。结果表明:与固相反应法及共沉淀法比较,低温燃烧法可在较低温度(1100℃)下合成单相的YAlO3。     

低温真空连续干燥技术及其塔形设备研制初步探讨

减少干燥加工过程物料内的热敏物质损失，降低干燥加工能耗及设备运行成本，降低设备制造成本，是干燥技术及设备的研究发展方向。低温真空连续干燥塔式设备成功使用了真空干燥技术、高气密性旋转阀进排物料、高换热面积与容积之比的干燥筒仓、筒仓中物料靠重力在换热管件之间自上而下的混合流动中被加热，从而实现了高质量、大产量、低能耗、低运行成本的干燥加工。