PP/POE/纳米CaCO_3复合材料的改性

对三元复合体系聚丙烯(PP) /聚烯烃弹性体(POE) /纳米CaCO3进行了改性研究,主要探讨了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP g MAH)、乙烯 醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、均聚聚丙烯(PPH)等聚合物对该复合体系性能的影响。研究结果表明,加入适量的接枝物有利于三元复合材料强度的提高,在特定的配比下,PPH和PP3 (共聚聚丙烯 )可分别作为该复合体系的熔体流动速率调节剂和增韧剂。     

PP-g-Si对PP／GF的增容作用

制备了硅烷接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-Si)，研究了PP-g-Si作为聚丙烯／玻纤(PP／GF)复合体系的界面相容剂对界面结合和力学性能的影响，并与马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)的增容效果进行了比较。结果表明，PP-g-Si对PP／GF体系有增容作用，不仅可以改善PP／GF复合体系的拉伸强度，而且可以改善其韧性。硅烷接枝聚丙烯可以降低PP／GF复合体系的最大扭矩。玻纤的加入可以提高聚丙烯的热变形温度，硅烷接枝聚丙烯对PP／GF复合体系的热变形温度有稍微改善。扫描电镜观察表明，玻纤与基体间具有强有力的界面结合，硅烷接枝聚丙烯的增容效果优于马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯。     

聚丙烯固相接技甲基丙烯酸甲酯非等温结晶与熔融

借助差示扫描量热法 (DSC)研究聚丙烯及其固相接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物 (PP -g -PMMA)非等温结晶与熔融行为 ,结果表明 :固相接枝PM MA能够在一定程度上促进聚丙烯结晶 ,使之在较高的温度下结晶 ,然而随着接枝率进一步提高 ,PMMA分子反而阻碍了PP晶体生长所需的链段运动 ,从而降低了晶体的完善性。     

马来酸酐固相接枝聚丙烯纤维

了提高非极性聚丙烯纤维(PP)的相容性,采用固相法以马来酸酐(MAH)对聚丙烯纤维进行接枝改性,研究了反应条件对接枝率的影响。结果表明,马来酸酐成功接枝到聚丙烯上,当反应温度为80℃,PP用量为0.5 g,MAH用量为0.2 g,BPO用量为0.05 g,回流时间为2.5 h时,最大接枝率可达到7.51%;BPO的用量、MAH单体的用量以及反应温度对PP纤维的接枝率影响较大。而测定PP纤维接枝率时回流时间对其接枝率的影响不大;接枝聚丙烯纤维的分解温度明显高于纯聚丙烯纤维。     

吸湿性聚丙烯 Ⅱ丙烯酸甲酯/乙酸乙烯酯混合单体在聚丙烯上的接枝聚合(摘要)

文中研究了丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和乙酸乙烯酯(VAC)混合单体在聚丙烯颗粒表面的接枝反应,实验结果表明:MA/VAC比增大时,聚合转化率、接枝效率和接枝率都相应提高,工作中探索了M/PP比和BPO/M比对接枝聚合的影响,聚合物的组成很难确定。当以接枝率为7.0％,丙酮萃     

PP-g-MAH和PP-g-GMA增容PP/PA6共混体系的研究

将自制的PP—g—MAH（聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐）及PP—g—GMA（聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯）作为PP／PA6共混体系的相容剂，研究了加入聚丙烯接枝物后PP，PA6塑料合金的各种力学性能及形态结构。结果表明：在PP／PA6共混物中加入PP—g—MAH后，共混物的力学性能得到明显的提高．添加PP—g—MAH对不同比例PP／PA6共混物力学性能的影响不同；用PP—g—MAH和PP—g—GMA两种接枝物共同作为相容剂加入到PP／PA6共混物中比单独使用一种的效果要好。共混物的SEM照片表明。PP—g—MAH是PP／PA6共混物的有效增容剂。     

聚丙烯固相接枝甲基丙烯酸丁酯的非等温结晶与熔融行为

本文利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了纯聚丙烯(PP)和不同接枝率的聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PP—g—BMA)的非等温结晶和熔融行为。研究结果表明：聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸丁酯由于空间位阻较大．破坏分子链的规整性作用大干内增塑对聚丙烯结晶能力的促进作用。导致PP结晶能力降低，结晶度变小，结晶和熔融焓均下降。     

反应挤出PP/LGF复合材料的制备及性能

采用熔融浸渍工艺制备了长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料,研究了接枝单体GMA、MA以及引发剂DCP含量对长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:与采用接枝单体GMA相比,采用接枝单体MA反应挤出PP/LGF复合材料的力学性能对引发剂DCP的用量更为敏感,严重影响了PP/LGF复合材料的力学性能;当引发剂DCP质量分数为0.1%,采用接枝单体MA反应挤出PP/LGF复合材料性能最优,并且与没有添加相容剂的PP/LGF复合材料相比,拉伸强度、冲击强度分别提高31%、50%。     

PP/PA6共混体系的应力松弛行为研究

通过毛细管流变仪和旋转流变仪对聚丙烯／尼龙6(PP／PA6)、聚丙烯／马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯／尼龙6(PP／PP—g—MAH／PA6)共混体系的应力松弛行为进行了研究。在毛细管流变仪中,共混体系的应力松弛行为由形变的分散相液滴的回复能力决定;而在旋转流变仪中,其动态应力松弛行为不仅与形变的分散相液滴的回复能力且与其产生形变的能力有关。在增容共混体系中,由于反应生成的PP—g—MAH—g—PA6共聚物位于共混体系的两相界面处,所以增容共混体系的应力松弛行为与未增容共混体系有很大不同。     

丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯的制备及其结构与性能

综述近年来国内外关于丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯(PP—g—AA)的制备方法,主要包括熔融接枝、固相接枝、辐射接枝、光引发接枝、悬浮接枝、溶液接枝和复合材料中的原位接枝法等,以及各种制备工艺和条件对接枝率的影响;并对PP—g—AA的结构与性能尤其是接枝丙烯酸后聚丙烯的结晶与熔融行为进行了详细阐述。     

Crystallization and melting behavior of polypropylene in β-PP/polyamide 6 blends containing PP-g-MA

In this research, we used a twin-screw extruder to melt and blend PP-g-MA compatibilizer with β-polypropylene (PP)/polyamide 6 (PA6). The influences of the PA6 and PP-g-MA contents in PP/PA6 blends on crystallization and melting behavior of PP phase and morphology were investigated. The results showed that, when PP-g-MA copolymer was added to the β form of nucleated PP/PA6 blends, the anhydride groups in PP-g-MA and PA6 terminal amine groups react to form PP-g-PA graft copolymer in a two-phase interface. This reduces the interfacial tension, improves the interfacial adhesion, and reduces the size of PA6 domains in the blend. The generated PP-g-PA graft copolymer wrapped PA6 phase and buried the anhydride groups of PP-g-MA. When the proportion of PP-g-MA and PA6 was between 0.5 and 0.75, there was no longer interfering to the formation of β-crystals in the PP phase. The content of β-crystal of PP phase in blends was found to reach as large as 85.9%.     

增容改性回收PP/废弃瓦楞纸粉复合材料的力学性能、形态和热行为

制备了回收PP/废瓦楞纸粉(rPF)复合材料,并用PP-g-MA、POE-g-MA和SEBS-g-MA三种相容剂增容改性,研究了复合材料及增容材料的结晶与熔融行为、力学性能、热稳定性和微观形态.结果表明,rPF对回收PP有促进结晶的作用,起到了增强、增韧和热稳定化作用.PP-g-MA和POE-g-MA的加入进一步提升复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性,其中PP-g-MA增强作用更明显,而POE-g-MA的增韧作用更优,但SEBS-g-MA的作用不明显.     

PP/PA11合金的结晶性能研究

用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MA)和苯乙烯-马来酸酐无规共聚物(RSMA)作增容剂,制备了PP/PA11合金,并对合金的结晶性能进行了研究。傅立叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)表明,RSMA的增容机理与PP-g-MA不同。比较了2种增容体系的差示扫描量热(DSC)曲线,发现PP-g-MA增容体系中PP的熔融温度向更高温度移动,同时PP-g-MA的加入更能影响PP和PA11两相的结晶,使体系的结晶度增大,从而使合金的缺口冲击性能表现出更强的脆性。     

PP-g-MA和UP增容PP/玻璃纤维复合材料性能的研究

以聚丙烯-马来酸酐接枝(物PP-g-MA)和不饱和聚(酯UP)作为界面相容剂,研究了界面相容剂对玻璃纤维增强PP复合材料力学性能及界面黏结的影响。结果表明:加入PP-g-MA或UP,玻璃纤维增强PP复合材料的力学性能明显提高,且UP的增容效果优于PP-g-MA。在玻璃纤维含量为40%时,PP/UP/GF复合材料的拉伸强度比未改性的复合材料的拉伸强度提高了150%,弯曲强度提高了132%,冲击强度提高了89%;扫描电镜照片表明:PP-g-MA和UP使被拔出玻璃纤维表面黏附了一层树脂,增强了PP与玻璃纤维之间的界面黏结作用;DSC测试表明:PP-g-MA和UP同时加入使复合材料熔融峰温度下降结,晶度增加。     

Thermal decomposition behavior and mechanical properties of elastomeric composites based on polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomer and organomontmorillonite

The elastomeric composites based on organomontmorillonite (OMMT) and Santoprene thermoplastic elastomer were prepared by melt processing. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer for the composite system. By adding optimum content of PP-g-MA, the fracture surface of the composites observed by SEM was smoothened as a result from compatibilizing effect. From XRD results, the measured d-spacing data proved a good dispersion of nanoclay along with compatibilizer. Thermal decomposition behavior of the neat components and its composites obtained from simultaneous TG and DSC profiles indicated that the incorporation of OMMT into the matrix polymer improved the thermal stability in air but not in nitrogen. No significant change in thermal stability of the composites with addition of PP-g-MA. The incorporation of clay significantly enhanced in dynamic mechanical and tensile properties of the composites. The dynamic storage modulus, tensile modulus and yield stress of the composites with the presence of PP-g-MA were remarkably improved.     

Use of polymeric compatibilizers in polypropylene/calcium carbonate composites

The effects of compatibilizing agents on the mechanical properties, viscoelastic properties, and morphology of polypropylene filled with calcium carbonate composites are investigated. It is found that the use of PP-g-MA and PP-g-AA significantly increases the tensile strength and improves particle dispersion and interfacial adhesion. The higher effect of compatibilization is obtained by using PP-g-MA as a compatibilizer. The results on the dynamic thermomechanical properties, viscoelastic properties, and SEM pictures also support the improved interfacial characteristics. It is also found that there exists a limiting amount of PP-g-MA at about 5% beyond which a further increase in the tensile strength is not obtained. The use of untreated calcium carbonate or SEBS-g-MA does not allow films to be drawn for the purpose of testing.     

Tuning the functionalization chemistry of polypropylene for polypropylene/clay nanocomposites

New polypropylene (PP)-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) samples have been successfully synthesized by adding N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) during the reactive extrusion process. These NBS-mediated PP-g-MAs possess higher graft content than classic PP-g-MAs (i.e. without NBS) while they keep acceptable molar masses. NBS-mediated PP-g-MAs were used as matrices in model PP-g-MA/organoclay nanocomposites and compared with commercial and home-made classic PP-g-MAs in order to evaluate their ability to disperse the clay. Significantly better degrees of clay delamination and dispersion were reached using NBS-mediated PP-g-MAs than with classic PP-g-MAs. As expected, PP-g-MAs having high graft content showed the best clay dispersion. Within the examined range of molar masses, the PP-g-MA molar mass had no influence on the clay dispersion. However PP-g-MAs exhibiting important reduction of crystallinity lead to poor clay dispersion whatever the graft content. The PP-g-MA/organoclay nanocomposite prepared using the selected “optimized” NBS-mediated PP-g-MA exhibited the best improvement of thermal properties and one of the best clay dispersions. PP/PP-g-MA blends were prepared to evaluate the miscibility between PP and selected PP-g-MAs. No problem of miscibility between the selected NBS-mediated PP-g-MA and PP was noticed. Finally the PP/organoclay prepared using the selected NBS-mediated PP-g-MA as compatibilizer showed much better clay dispersion and thermal stability than the one prepared with the corresponding classic PP-g-MA, thus establishing the interest to use such new NBS-mediated PP-g-MAs as compatibilizers.     

Water-assisted extrusion as a novel processing route to prepare polypropylene/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites: Structure and properties

Naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are used to prepare Polypropylene (PP)/HNTs nanocomposites using a novel “one step” water-assisted extrusion process with and without the use of a PP-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as compatibilizer. In order to analyze the influence of PP-g-MA and/or water injection on the HNTs dispersion and therefore on nanocomposite properties, structural analysis (SEM and TEM) is combined with rheological and thermo-mechanical experiments. The best clay dispersion is obtained when compatibilizer and water injection are combined together (synergistic effect). As a consequence, the linear viscoelastic properties and the dynamic storage modulus are dramatically enhanced for this system. A mechanism explaining the interaction between HNTs and PP-g-MA in presence of water is proposed. The thermal stability and flame retardant property are also investigated. Thermal analyses reveal two opposite effects of HNTs on the thermal behaviour of PP. A surface catalytic action of the halloysite speeds up thermal degradation of PP. However, this effect is reduced with improved HNTs dispersion, presumably via an entrapment mechanism of the decomposition products inside the lumens. Finally, cone calorimeter results show that low flammability of nanocomposites is only achieved when combining water injection and PP-g-MA. In view of these results, PP/HNTs nanocomposites prepared using this novel processing route are promising candidates for flame retardant applications.     

Structural analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified by polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride from rheological data

During some investigations on compatibilizing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends by maleic anhydride–grafted polyolefins (PO-g-MA), the reaction between PET and PO-g-MA and the formation of PO-g-PET were proposed. However, the effect of PO-g-MA on the rheological properties of PET has not been the aim of any specific study. In our study, polypropylene (PP)-g-MA was melt reacted with PET, and the effects of its content and grafting degree on the intrinsic viscosity and linear viscoelastic properties of PET were investigated. The results reveal that the addition of PP-g-MA leads to increasing intrinsic viscosity, which confirms the reaction between PP-g-MA and PET. Rheological measurements suggest that the addition of PP-g-MA improves the elastic behavior and increases the complex viscosity of PET. No shear thinning behavior was observed for any samples, indicating that branching is not widespread. The increase in PP-g-MA content or grafting degree leads to increases in the intrinsic and complex viscosities and improves the elastic behavior. Furthermore, we reported the unusual observation of an increasing viscosity with frequency in modified sa"mples due to the transesterification phenomenon. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 46896.     

Water-assisted extrusion of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites: A comprehensive study

Water-assisted extrusion process has been used to successfully prepare polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites with high degree of clay delamination and markedly improved rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. PP-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA)-based nanocomposites and masterbatches were synthesized from untreated clay and organoclay, respectively, and fully characterized. The effects of using high-shear rates and water injection during the melt-compounding were examined. A mechanism explaining the formation of such nanocomposites is then proposed. The best clay dispersion and properties improvements of PP-g-MA/organoclay nanocomposites and masterbatches were obtained using high-shear rates and water injection (synergy effect). PP-based nanocomposites were then synthesized by dilution of PP-g-MA-based masterbatches into neat PP. For comparison, nanocomposites were also prepared by a one-pot process where PP, PP-g-MA and organoclay are directly melt-blended with or without water injection. The nanocomposites prepared by dilution into PP of a masterbatch prepared through water-assisted extrusion showed the highest clay dispersion and consequently the best thermal, mechanical and rheological properties.