激光熔覆Cr_3C_2-Ni复合涂层的减摩性能

以粉末化学镀法制备的Cr_3C_(2-)Ni复合粉末作为预置层,在Q235钢板表面用激光熔覆技术制备了减摩复合涂层.研究了Cr_3C_(2-)-Ni涂层在干摩擦条件下的减摩性能,并对磨损形貌进行了SEM观察,对涂层的硬度进行了测 试.结果表明,该涂层组织均匀致密、硬度较高;涂层的摩擦性能稳定,摩擦系数为0.44;硬质Cr_3C_(2-)粒子与金属粘结相的配合能有效提高熔覆层的承载能力,减小摩擦损失.     

Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层的高温抗氧化和耐热腐蚀性能

采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备Cr_3C_2-NiCr复合涂层,并对制备的Cr_3C_2-Ni Cr涂层试样进行800℃×100 h氧化和熔盐(Na_2SO_4+25wt%NaCl)热腐蚀试验。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)分析氧化、腐蚀涂层表面和截面的成分及结构变化,探讨其高温氧化、腐蚀机理。结果表明:等离子喷涂Cr_3C_2-Ni Cr涂层具有层状组织结构,喷涂过程中无明显相分解或氧化。高温氧化后的Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层表面及层片界面形成了连续、致密的Cr_2O_3保护膜,涂层表现出优异的抗高温氧化性能。在热腐蚀过程中,腐蚀盐破坏了涂层表面及层片界面形成的氧化膜,腐蚀性元素沿着涂层中的孔洞及层片界面扩散到涂层内部,涂层发生"活化氧化",耐腐蚀性较差。     

GH864表面爆炸喷涂Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层的显微组织和高温摩擦性能研究

采用爆炸喷涂技术在GH864基体上制备了Cr_3C_2-Ni Cr/Ni Cr Al复合金属陶瓷涂层。运用HT-1000高温摩擦磨损实验机,以Si_3N_4陶瓷球为摩擦副对基体和涂层进行高温摩擦磨损实验。选用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X衍射等分析手段,研究了在GH864表面爆炸喷涂涂层的组织形貌、相组成及涂层和基体的高温摩擦行为。对800℃时涂层和基体摩擦性能进行研究。结果表明:该涂层组织致密呈叠层堆砌,其显微组织为Cr_3C_2硬质相及周围缝隙中充填的Ni Crγ相和少量的Cr_3C_2分解形成的Cr_7C_3相。涂层在高温下的磨损形式主要为磨粒磨损、疲劳磨损以及粘着磨损和氧化磨损,涂层中大量分布的具有热稳定性的Cr_3C_2硬质颗粒起主要的耐磨作用,复合涂层可提高GH864的高温耐磨性。     

激光熔覆Ni3Al/Cr3C2复合材料耐磨性能研究

采用激光熔覆技术在304不锈钢基板上制备了Ni_3Al合金和Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2(25%,质量分数)复合材料耐磨涂层,分析了Ni_3Al合金和Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层显微组织由基体γ'-Ni_3Al相和原位自生M_7C_3(M=Cr,Fe)型碳化物组成,且细小M_7C_3弥散分布于γ'-Ni_3Al基体。与Ni_3Al合金熔覆层相比较,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层显微硬度提高了约4000 MPa。650℃时,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层磨损量仅为对比材料蠕墨铸铁的28%左右,表明Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2复合材料熔覆层具有良好的耐磨性能。     

高速电弧喷涂FeNiCrAl/Cr_3C_2涂层的高温氧化性能和氧化机理

选用两种不同外皮的Fe Ni Cr Al/Cr3C2金属陶瓷粉芯丝材,采用高速电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备涂层.采用增重法研究Fe Ni Cr Al/Cr3C2涂层在750℃时的氧化动力学曲线,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪研究涂层的显微组织结构和氧化产物,分析涂层在750℃时的抗高温氧化性能和氧化机理.结果表明,Fe NiCr Al/Cr3C2涂层的氧化动力学曲线呈抛物线型,涂层的增重明显低于20G钢,并且以304不锈钢为外皮的涂层的抗高温氧化性能明显优于以430不锈钢为外皮的涂层;涂层氧化后表面生成致密的氧化膜,阻塞氧的扩散通道,抑制氧化,起到保护作用.     

Ti、Cr元素在Cr_2O_3薄膜中的扩散及其对摩擦学性能的影响

为了研究Ti和Cr元素在Cr_2O_3薄膜中的扩散行为及其对摩擦学性能的影响,对Cr_2O_3薄膜在1 000℃大气环境下进行不同保温时间的退火处理。利用扫描电子显微镜、三维轮廓仪、X射线衍射仪以及透射电镜对薄膜的表面形貌、成分以及结构进行分析,采用球盘式摩擦磨损试验机对Cr_2O_3薄膜的摩擦学性能进行研究。结果表明:在1 000℃下Inconel 718基材中的Ti和Cr会沿着Cr_2O_3薄膜的晶界扩散至薄膜表面,与大气中的氧反应生成由Cr_2O_3和Cr_2Ti_7O_(17)组成的复合相,并在薄膜表面晶界处堆积形成类网状凸起结构。随着保温时间的增加,这种类网状凸起结构的高度也越大。该结构可以显著降低薄膜的摩擦因数以及磨损率。当保温时间只有1 min时,薄膜的平均摩擦因数为0.35,磨损率为5.7μm~3/Nm。而当保温时间达到240 min时,薄膜的摩擦因数降至0.24,磨损率降至3.2μm~3/Nm。     

Cr3C2-25%（Ni,Cr）超音速火焰喷涂层的耐磨及耐蚀性能研究

采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂技术在奥氏体不锈钢上制备了Cr3C2-25%(Ni,Cr)金属陶瓷涂层。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、高速高温摩擦磨损试验机和电化学分析仪研究了涂层的显微组织、相结构、耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,该金属陶瓷涂层主要由(Ni,Cr)相、Cr3C2和Cr7C3组成,而且致密、硬度高,与基材结合牢固。涂层的高温磨损可分为黏结相切削和随后的碳化物剥落两个阶段,碳化物的剥落对涂层的磨损起主导作用。涂层在3.5%ZnCl2溶液中具有优良的耐蚀性,其腐蚀产物中含Ni、Cr元素而无Fe的氧化物,说明涂层对基体具有良好的保护作用。     

在H13钢上超音速火焰喷涂制备WC-10Co-4Cr和Cr_3C_2-25NiCr涂层的性能比较（英文）

在H13钢基体上采用超音速火焰喷涂方式制备一定厚度的WC-10Co-4Cr和Cr_3C_2-25NiCr涂层。为了增加WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的热稳定性,在涂层和基体之间加喷了NiCr喷涂粉末。研究了这两种硬质合金涂层的表面及横截面的微观形貌、抗热震性和耐磨损性能。从热力学的角度解释了两种涂层中出现的碳扩散现象。Cr_3C_2-25NiCr涂层的结合强度(64.40 MPa)和WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的结合强度(61.69 MPa)基本相同。通过摩擦磨损试验研究发现,两种涂层在600℃的摩擦因数均比在500℃时的小,Cr_3C_2-25NiCr的耐磨损性能比WC-10Co-4Cr的要好。     

Cr_3C_2对Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷性能的影响

采用真空液相烧结法制备了添加微量TaC、NbC的(Ti,Ta,Nb)(C,N)-(Ni,Mo)- Cr_3C_2系Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。对添加不同质量Cr_3C_2材料的力学性能、断口形貌和高温氧化过程进行了研究。结果表明:随Cr_3C_2加入量的增加,材料的硬度呈增加趋势,抗氧化性能逐渐提高,但抗弯强度降低;Cr_3C_2加入量为12.5wt%时,材料的综合性能最佳,其高温氧化机制为外界氧离子通过氧化层向反应界面的扩散。     

超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层高温摩擦磨损性能

在两种喷涂参数下,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)制备了两种Cr3C2-25％NiCr涂层,用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征粉末和涂层的显微组织,用图像处理软件分析涂层孔隙率,并进行涂层维氏显微硬度测试,对涂层进行高温摩擦磨损试验,分析对比了两种涂层的耐磨性,并探讨了磨损机理.结果表明:两种Cr3C2-25％ NiCr涂层的孔隙率和硬度,CrC-1为0.90％和848.1 HV1,CrC-2为0.42％和884.6 HV1,涂层的高温磨损主要为粘着磨损伴有颗粒切削和剥落带来的磨粒磨损,其中CrC-2具有较好的耐磨性.     

Evaluation of cyclic hot corrosion behaviour of detonation gun sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings on nickel- and iron-based superalloys

In the present investigation, Cr₃C₂-NiCr cermet coatings were deposited on two Ni-based superalloys, namely superni 75, superni 718 and one Fe-based superalloy superfer 800H by detonation-gun thermal spray process. The cyclic hot-corrosion studies were conducted on uncoated as well as D-gun coated superalloys in the presence of mixture of 75 wt.% Na₂SO₄ + 25 wt.% K₂SO₄ film at 900 °C for 100 cycles. Thermogravimetric technique was used to establish the kinetics of hot corrosion of uncoated and coated superalloys. X-ray diffraction, FE-SEM/EDAX and X-ray mapping techniques were used to analyze the corrosion products for rendering an insight into the corrosion mechanisms. It was observed that Cr₃C₂-NiCr-coated superalloys showed better hot-corrosion resistance than the uncoated superalloys in the presence of 75 wt.% Na₂SO₄ + 25 wt.% K₂SO₄ film as a result of the formation of continuous and protective oxides of chromium, nickel and their spinel, as evident from the XRD analysis.     

超声冲击处理提高超音速等离子喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层性能

Cr₃C₂-NiCr涂层是中高温下理想的耐磨、抗氧化、耐蚀涂层,常用于高温下的燃气冲蚀磨损、磨粒磨损、微动磨损、硬表面磨损等场合.文中采用超音速等离子喷涂的方法在CuCrZr合金表面制备Cr₃C₂-NiCr涂层,并采用超声冲击的方法对涂层进行后处理.结果表明,经超声冲击处理后,涂层孔隙率由2.34%降低至1.83%;涂层的平均显微硬度由8.9 GPa提高至9.6 GPa,且硬度分布更均匀;在650℃下进行热震试验,涂层的热震寿命显著提高,热震裂纹的扩展路径也发生了变化.     

Effect of Cr7C3 on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of Cr2AlC

In this work, phase pure Cr₂AlC and impure Cr₂AlC with Cr₇C₃ have been fabricated to investigate the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The thermal expansion coefficient is determined as 1.25 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ in the temperature range of 25-1200 °C. The thermal conductivity of the Cr₂AlC is 15.73 W/m K when it is measured at 200 °C. With increasing temperature from 25 °C to 900 °C, the electrical conductivity of Cr₂AlC decreases from 1.8 × 10⁶ Ω⁻¹ m⁻¹ to 5.6 × 10⁵ Ω⁻¹ m⁻¹. For the impure phase of Cr₇C₃, it has a strengthening and embrittlement effect on the bulk Cr₂AlC. And the Cr₂AlC with Cr₇C₃ would result in a lower high-temperature thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and electrical conductivity.     

Microstructure and adhesion of Cr3C2-NiCr vacuum plasma sprayed coatings

Vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) was used to spray a Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating of ∼ 150, 300 and 450 μm in thickness onto a plain carbon steel substrate, employing a commercially available Cr20Ni9.5C powder. The splat microstructures observed in the coating were found to consist of a NiCr matrix with a predominant Cr₃C₂ phase, besides Cr₇C₃ and Cr₂O₃. The adhesion of the coating to the substrate was evaluated by means of interfacial indentation techniques. It has been found that the interfacial toughness value changes from 7.6 to 10.1 MPa m^1/2 when the thickness increases from 150 to 450 μm. Also, it has been found that the parameter Kca_o, determined by linear regression from the Kca versus 1 / e² curve by means of the interfacial indentation model advanced by Chicot et al., has a value of ∼ 9.8 MPa m^1/2.     

Preparation and wear performance of NiCr/Cr3C2-NiCr/hBN plasma sprayed composite coating

NiCr clad hexagonal BN powder (NiCr/hBN) was added to NiCr/Cr₃C₂ feedstock to improve the tribological properties of chromium carbide nichrome coating. The microstructure, flowability and apparent density of the composite powder, as well as the structure and mechanical properties of the plasma sprayed coating were characterized. The friction and wear behavior of the NiCr/Cr₃C₂-NiCr/hBN coating from ambient temperature up to 800 °C was evaluated on a ball-on-disk wear tester and compared with that of NiCr/Cr₃C₂ coating and NiCr/Cr₃C₂-NiCr/BaF₂·CaF₂ coating. The results show that NiCr cladding can reduce the decarburization of Cr₃C₂ and oxidation of hBN during the thermal spray. The main wear mechanisms of the NiCr/Cr₃C₂-NiCr/hBN composite coating are ploughing and adhesive wear. Layered hexagonal BN particle reduce the direct contact and severe adhesion between friction pairs, thus decreasing the friction coefficient. The NiCr/Cr₃C₂-NiCr/hBN composite coating shows a promising application in the high temperature environment with the request of both wear resistance and friction reduction.     

Characterisation of HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-50(Ni20Cr) coating and the influence of binder properties on solid particle erosion behaviour

The coating Cr₃C₂ with 50 wt.% Ni20Cr deposited by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray process was characterized in detail to investigate the effect of annealing on the solid particle erosion behaviour and understand the influence of the binder properties. Systematic characterization of the coating was carried out using electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microindentation and nanoindentation techniques. The solid particle erosion tests were done on the as-sprayed coating and coatings annealed at 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C using silica erodent particles. The coefficient of restitution of the coated samples was also measured by WC ball impact tests to simulate dynamic impacts. The as-sprayed coating consisted of primary carbides and binder that was a mixture of amorphous and nanocrystalline phases. Annealing leads to recrystallisation of binder phase and precipitation of secondary carbides. The coating hardness and binder ductility change with annealing temperature. The erosion resistance improves with annealing up to 600 °C. In the as-sprayed coating, the amorphous phase, inter-splat boundaries and the elastic rebound characteristics affect the erosion response. While in the case of the coating annealed at 600 °C, the presence of ductile crystalline binder, fine carbide precipitates and embedment of erodent particles together improve solid particle erosion resistance.     

激光熔覆Ni-WC/Cr3C2涂层组织及性能

采用激光技术在45钢表面熔覆Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂涂层,采用SEM,XRD等手段进行熔覆层的显微组织、相组成及成分分析,并测试熔覆层的耐蚀性和耐磨性能.结果表明,Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂熔覆层底部生成方向性较强的胞状树枝晶,中上部组织为细小的树枝晶.涂层主要是由γ-(Fe, Ni),M₂₃C₆型碳化物以及未熔的WC颗粒组成.细晶强化、合金元素固溶强化以及碳化物强化的共同作用,使熔覆层的显微硬度提高至711HV0.1.熔覆层耐蚀性明显改善,腐蚀电流密度约为45钢的1/4.随着摩擦速度的增大,激光熔覆Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂涂层和45钢磨损量增加,且熔覆层的磨损量低于45钢,表明其耐磨性能明显提高.     

Comparative study of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings obtained by HVOF and hard chromium coatings

In the present work the corrosion resistance of micro-cracked hard chromium and Cr₃C₂-NiCr (HVOF) coatings applied on a steel substrate have been compared using open-circuit potential (E_OC) measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves. The coatings surfaces and cross-section were characterized before and after corrosion tests using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 18 h of immersion, the open-circuit potential values were around −0.50 and −0.25 V/(Ag∣AgCl∣KCl_sat) for hard chromium and Cr₃C₂-NiCr, respectively. The surface analysis done after 12 h of immersion showed iron on the hard chromium surface inside/near surface cracks, while iron was not detected on the Cr₃C₂-NiCr surface even after 18 h. For longer immersion time hard chromium was more degraded than thermal sprayed coating. For hard chromium coating a total resistance values between 50 and 80 kΩ cm² were measured and two well-defined time constants were observed, without significant change with the immersion time. For Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating the total impedance diminished from around 750 to 25 kΩ cm² as the immersion time increased from 17 up to 132 h and two overlapped time constants were also observed. Polarization curves recorded after 18 h of immersion showed a lower current and higher corrosion potential for Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating than other samples studied.