Separating aluminum from shredded automotive scrap

The metals recovered from automotive scrap can provide important resources for industrial development. Thus, the construction of a new plant was undertaken to help recycle valuable metals from nonferrous auto scrap in Taiwan. The main purpose of this project was to establish an automated heavy medium separation technique to cull aluminum from automotive scrap, and thus to replace the labor-intensive hand-picking process. The design capacity of the resulting heavy medium separation plant is two tonnes per hour and the completion of this plant will reduce hand-picking labor by 80%.     

废旧印刷电路板的粉碎性能及资源特征

采用颚式破碎机或辊式破碎机均难以实现对废旧印刷电路板的充分粉碎,从粉碎过程来看,具有剪切和冲击作用的圆盘粉碎机或振动磨样机的粉碎效果要优越一些.废旧印刷电路板的资源组成包括47%的金属、27%的塑料以及26%的玻璃、陶瓷等难熔氧化物.与天然资源相比,废旧印刷电路板中的金属含量特别丰富,1 t中的金属含量分别达到了300 g Au、5～10kg Ag、19.66%Cu、3.93%Pb和3.68%Sn,此外还含有Fe、Al、Zn、Ca、Mn、Ni、h等十多种有价金属,具有重要的回收价值.     

Application of ionic liquids in hydrometallurgy of nonferrous metals

Ionic liquids as green solvents have shown important application in the extraction and separation of nonferrous metals.The new application perspective,the important fundamental and the applied studies of the extraction and separation of nonferrous metals in ionic liquids,including the dissolution and corrosion of metal and metal oxide,hydrometallurgy of chalcopyrite and metallic oxidized ore,and extraction and separation of metal ions,are introduced.     

The high-speed identification and sorting of nonferrous scrap

There are various approaches to sorting alloys. Perhaps the most simple method and one which is in greatest use today is hand sortation, which is normally a rather inaccurate process. An opportunity exists to recover low-grade nonferrous scrap by sorting it into various alloys with high accuracy by applying spectrographic analysis techniques. This article presents an alternative method for scrap identification and sortation in which optoelectronics are utilized to make a rapid and accurate identification of the scrap item. The scrap is then sorted automatically without operator intervention. Editor’s Note: A hypertext-enhanced version of this article is available on-line at www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0504/Spencer-0504.html For more information, contact David B. Spencer, Spectramet, LLC, 7 Alfred Circle, Bedford, MA 01730; (781) 275-6400; fax (781) 275-8612; e-mail ccfwte@aol.com.     

FACTOR ANALYSIS ON IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE NONFERROUS METALS INDUSTRY (1)

The productivity of China's nonferrous metals industry during 1980-1990 has been analysed. The important factors which constrain the productivity of the nonferrous metals industry have been studied, the methods of improving the productivity of the nonferrous metals industry have been discussed.     

Metal Recovery from Industrial Wastes

This article reviews the principal factors affecting the feasibility of recovering nonferrous metals from industrial wastes. Major emphasis is on available separation process technologies with potential for metal recovery and the economics of recycling. Consideration is also given to government regulations and the strategic character of certain metals that provide important incentives for recycling.     

Life-Cycle Assessment of the Recycling of Magnesium Vehicle Components

Life-cycle assessment is basically the assessment of a product from the cradle to the grave. Ideally, a product is recycled after its useful life is complete and the end-of-life of the first life cycle leads to the beginning of a new product system. For the end-of-life of magnesium vehicle parts, there are various possible paths to a second life cycle. When magnesium parts are dismantled or magnesium is separated after shredding, the resulting magnesium alloys can be used for secondary, noncritical applications. However, the typical case for magnesium components is that the magnesium postconsumer scrap ends up in the nonferrous metals fraction that consists primarily of aluminum, magnesium, and heavy metals. Today, aluminum is typically fed into a second life cycle as a secondary alloy, and magnesium becomes part of the aluminum cycle as an alloy addition. In this article, we evaluate the environmental effects of using magnesium in the aluminum cycle. We also assess the influence of end-of-life scenarios on the overall environmental impact of a component’s life cycle. The primary focus of our analysis is the evaluation of the effects of magnesium vehicle components on greenhouse gas emissions.     

行业整合背景下的中国有色金属企业技术效率评价

自2009年以来,我国有色金属产业在政府推动下开展了行业整合。在此,对我国2007?2011年间有色金属企业的技术效率及其变动进行研究。在以有色金属上市公司作为研究样本的基础上,采用 DEA 的方法分别测算有色金属矿釆选企业和有色金属冶炼及压延加工企业的技术效率。研究发现,两个行业,无论是纯技术效率还是规模效率,无效企业居多。行业纯技术效率和规模效率均值在2009年之后偏低。其中,有色金属冶炼及压延加工企业效率值的波动较大。少数龙头企业保持着行业内相对有效的纯技术效率和规模效率,但大多数龙头企业的技术效率值则在2009年之后出现了大幅度的下降。     

有色金属企业集团的模式与结构

结合中国有色金属工业体制改革的实际情况，论述了进行企业资产重组应通过按现代企业制度的要求组建企业集团来实现，并要逐步探索对企业集团的母公司进行公司制改造。将有色金属企业集团的母公司形式区分为多股东持有的公司制形式、国有独资公司和国家控股公司的再授权机构等三种类型，着重研究了组建相应企业集团的模式和结构关系。     

环境材料中的有色合金

介绍了环境材料的概念,并阐述了以铝合金和钛合金为代表的有色金属作为环境材料在汽车、宇宙航空、深海开发和超高层大厦中的应用优点,同时还指出有色金属要作为环境材料应用,必须注意回归自然、再循环利用和低环境负担,这是设计生产有色金属及其合金、复合材料所必须包含的因素     

微波场中矿物及其化合物的升温特性

研究了微波场中矿物及其化合物的升温特性，并对其升温曲线进行了定量描述，旨在为探求冶金新工艺提供理论依据。结果表明，矿物在微波场中的升温速率取决于其自射特性以及对微波的吸收性，其升温速度方程可表达为：Ｔ＝ａｔ＋ｂ（第一阶段）和Ｔ＝（ｃｔ＋ｄ）＾１／２（第二阶段）。     

The recovery of metals from electronic scrap

Most of the published literature on the recycling of scrapped electronic devices is listed in chronological order in Table I. In the 1970s and early to mid-1980s, the predominant method of recycling was blast furnace smelting in conjunction with secondary copper or lead smelters. Since the mid-1980s, the trend has shifted toward the hydrometallurgical processing of scrap. The emphasis has always been on the recovery of precious metals, namely gold, silver, platinum and palladium, from electronic scrap for their obvious economic values. In recent years, greater importance has been placed on the recovery of all metals, including low-concentration metals such as cadmium, because of increasingly strict environmental controls. The electronic scrap recycling program of the 1990s will ha ve to meet many objectives—efficient recovery of all metals, strict effluent and emission controls, the use of nontoxic reagents, maximum recycling of chemical reagents, and minimum energy requirements—in an economical and environmentally safe manner.     

有色金属资源加工提取技术研发的新进展

叙述了有色金属工业和科技面临的挑战与展望，介绍了有色金属硫化矿物的电位调控浮选技术，铜矿和金矿的生物浸出技术、水硬铝石型铝土矿的选矿脱硅（生产氧化铝的技术创新）。     

Synthesis and properties of nanocrystalline nonferrous metals prepared by flow-levitation-molding method

Nanocrystalline nonferrous metals （Cu, A1, and Ag） were synthesized by flow-levitation-molding method. The microstructure of the as-prepared nanocrystalline metals was characterized by XRD and FESEM. The microhardness and electrical resistivity were tested by the HMV-2 type Microhardness Tester and 6157 type Electrometer, respectively. The synthesis process was also studied. The results show that the spheriform particles in nanocrystalline metals have average grain size of 20-30 nm. The relative density of nanocrystalline Cu, A1, and Ag are 95.1%, 98.1% and 98.3%, respectively. The microhardness of nanocrystalline Cu, Al and Ag are 2.01, 2.11 and 1.26 GPa respectively, which are larger than those of their coarse-grained counterparts by the factor of 4.5, 14, and 2.5, respectively. The electrical resistivity of nanocrystalline Cu at room temperature is 1.5× 10^-7Ω.m, which is higher than coarse-grained Cu by a factor of 7.5. The pressure is the predominant factor influencing the density of the as-prepared nanocrystalline nonferrous metals.     

Opportunities and Barriers to Resource Recovery and Recycling from Shredder Residue in the United States

Shredder residue is the by-product remaining after ferrous and nonferrous metals have been recovered from the processing of vehicles, white goods, and peddler scrap. Shredder residue consists of glass, plastics, rubber, dirt, and small amounts of metal. It is estimated that 5–7 million tons of this shredder residue are landfilled each year in the United States. Technical advancements, coupled with European Union directives and the economic climate, have transformed the recycling of shredder residue in Europe. In the United States, however, regulatory controls and the cheap cost of landfill have worked against the advancement of recycling and recovery of this resource. The Argonne National Laboratory, which is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, has investigated the effectiveness of recycling shredder residue into polymers. Other research has examined the use of shredder residue in waste-to-energy applications. To improve our ability to process and recycle shredder residue, an investigation of the regulatory, economic, and technological challenges was undertaken. The objective was to conduct a comprehensive review of work done to date, to document the composition of typical shredder output and to identify potential recoverable items (residual metals, plastics, rubber, foam, etc.). Along with uncovering potential new markets, the research would identify the technical, regulatory, and economic barriers to developing those markets.     

微弧氧化技术在Al、Mg、Ti及其合金中的应用

综述了微弧氧化技术发展状况、机理及其影响因素.有色金属Al、Mg、Ti及其合金在工业中的地位越来越重要，而其耐蚀性、耐磨性及硬度等应用性能不理想一直束缚其发展.微弧氧化技术可以直接在有色金属Al、Mg、Ti及其合金表面原位生长陶瓷层，从而改善了其应用性能.介绍了微弧氧化技术在Al、Mg、Ti及其合金中的应用.      

微弧氧化技术述评

微弧氧化(MAO)又称为微等离子体氧化(MPO)、阳极火花沉积(ASD)或火花放电阳极氧化(SDAO),它是一种直接在有色金属表面原位生长陶瓷膜层的表面处理新技术.该技术突破了传统阳极氧化的诸多不足之处,通过对工艺过程的控制,可以使金属表面陶瓷化,生成的陶瓷薄膜具有优异的耐磨和耐蚀性能、较高的硬度和绝缘电阻.基于目前微弧氧化技术在Al、Mg、Ti及其合金表面改性方面的广泛应用和进展,综述了微弧氧化技术的工艺原理、技术特点、微弧氧化膜层的性质和影响因素以及该技术的应用现状.     

Recycling light metals from end-of-life vehicle

The amount of aluminum used in cars and light trucks is growing steadily. However, without new developments in aluminum recycling technologies, sheet from automotive aluminum could eventually flood all current markets for recycled aluminum. This article summarizes the use of light metals and different alloys in transportation applications, the current auto recycling system, and new developments in the sorting of light metals by the metal recycling industry and by Huron Valley Steel Corporation, the world’s largest non-ferrous scrap sorter. For more information, contact A. Gesing, Huron Valley Steel Corporation, 41000 Huron River Drive, Belleville, Michigan 48111; (734) 697-6313; fax (734) 697-3420; e-mail gesinga@hvsc.net.     

Volatility forecasting in Chinese nonferrous metals futures market

This paper seeks to model and forecast the Chinese nonferrous metals futures market volatility and allows new insights into the time-varying volatility of realized volatility and leverage effects using high-frequency data. The LHAR-CJ model is extended and the empirical research on copper and aluminum futures in Shanghai Futures Exchange suggests the dynamic dependencies and time-varying volatility of realized volatility, which are captured by long memory HAR-GARCH model. Besides, the findings also show the significant weekly leverage effects in Chinese nonferrous metals futures market volatility. Finally, in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts are investigated, and the results show that the LHAR-CJ-G model, considering time-varying volatility of realized volatility and leverage effects, effectively improves the explanatory power as well as out-of sample predictive performance.