表面改性对Cf/HA-PMMA混杂生物复合材料的结构及性能的影响

采用原位合成与溶液共混相结合的方法,制备了短切碳纤维(C_f) 增强纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)生物复合材料。重点研究了短切碳纤维和纳米HA粒子表面改性前后对C_f/HA-PMMA复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。采用XRD、FTIR、XPS和SEM等对纳米HA粒子、碳纤维和复合材料的组成结构及断面的微观形貌等进行测试和表征,使用万能材料试验机测试其弯曲、压缩性能。结果表明：经表面氧化的碳纤维和用卵磷脂改性后的纳米HA与PMMA基体的界面结合性明显得到改善;采用卵磷脂表面改性后的纳米HA及表面预氧化后的碳纤维制备的C_f/HA-PMMA复合材料的弯曲性能得到显著提高,与采用未表面改性纳米HA和未表面氧化碳纤维所制备的C_f/HA-PMMA复合材料相比,弯曲、压缩强度和弹性模量分别提高1.6倍、2倍和4.3倍。     

HA改性短切碳纤维/PMMA生物复合材料力学性能的研究

采用原位合成与溶液共混的方法,制备了纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)-短切碳纤维（C_f）/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)生物复合材料, 研究了HA对HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响. 采用万能材料试验机测试了HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能,用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和红外吸收光谱仪(FT-IR)分析测试手段对材料的组成结构及断面的微观形貌等进行了测试和表征. 结果表明,采用卵磷脂改性后的HA纳米片与PMMA基体的界面结合性能得到了有效改善,显著提高了复合材料的力学性能;随着HA含量的增加,HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲模量和拉伸模量均呈先增大后减小的趋势. 当HA含量在8wt%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳.     

短切碳纤维/羟基磷灰石生物复合材料的制备及性能

以短切碳纤维为增强相, 采用原位复合法制备短切碳纤维(C_f)/羟基磷灰石(HA)生物复合材料。为提高材料的界面结合, 对C_f表面进行氧化处理。对纯HA结构、 C_f表面以及复合材料断口形貌分别采用XRD、 FTIR、 SEM进行分析表征; 采用万能试验机对复合材料进行力学性能测试。结果表明: 氧化处理后C_f表面变粗糙, 有羟基羧基官能团出现; C_f质量分数为3%时C_f/HA复合材料相对密度最大, 力学性能最好, 弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别约为130 MPa和36 GPa。C_f/HA复合材料断口SEM照片表明, C_f质量分数低于6%时能够实现在HA基体中的均匀分布。      

碳纤维增强羟基磷灰石/环氧树脂复合材料的制备与力学性能

采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备了碳纤维增强环氧树脂以及碳纤维增强羟基磷灰石(HA)/环氧树脂两种复合材料，并测试了其力学性能。结果表明，RTM工艺可以基本保证环氧基体均匀浸入碳纤维织物内部。碳纤维增强HA，环氧复合材料的冲击韧性高于碳纤维增强环氧复合材料，而弯曲强度和弯曲模量低于碳纤维增强环氧复合材料。两种复合材料的弯曲强度远高于人体皮质骨，弯曲模量与皮质骨非常接近。动态力学分析(DMA)表明加入HA后，复合材料的贮存模量和内耗降低，玻璃化转变温度升高。     

短切碳纤维表面处理对木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响

木粉（WF）填充增强高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）复合材料具有良好的环境效益,少量引入短切碳纤维（SCF）可进一步提高其力学性能。为改善SCF与WF/HDPE复合材料中塑料基体的界面结合,提高SCF在WF/HDPE复合材料中的增强作用,采用气相、液相及气液双效氧化3种表面处理方式处理SCF,通过挤出工艺制备短切碳纤维增强木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料（SCF-WF/HDPE）,探讨了不同处理方法对SCF-WF/HDPE复合材料性能的影响。SEM观察显示,表面处理增大了SCF的表面粗糙度,可提高其与基体的界面结合;动态力学性能分析证实碳纤维提高了存储模量。测试结果表明：表面处理过的短切碳纤维可使SCF-WF/HDPE复合材料的力学性能、热力学性能和蠕变性能均得到显著提高,其中气相表面处理的效果最好。对比WF/HDPE复合材料,SCF-WF/HDPE的拉伸强度提高了34.5%,弯曲强度提高了23%,冲击强度提高了54.7%。     

原位增强羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合棒材

利用低温水溶液均相沉积法制备了磷酸钙盐微纤维; 应用原位沉析法制备了壳聚糖(CS)三维棒材及羟基磷灰石(HA*)/CS复合棒材。XRD证实应用原位沉析法制备HA*/CS复合棒材过程中, 磷酸钙盐转化为羟基磷灰石结构, 尺寸为10~60 μm, 并用SEM对晶体形貌进行了表征, 分析了转化机制。HA*/CS复合材料的微观形貌表明, HA*晶体在CS凝胶棒原位沉析的过程中析出而与CS基体形成镶嵌、 相互咬合结构, 且在基体中分散均匀, 有效地提高了HA*与CS基体的界面连接作用, 使力学性能显著提高。所制备的HA*/CS棒材随HA*含量的增大(在其饱和溶解度3.3 wt%范围内), 复合材料的弯曲性能逐渐提高, 当羟基磷灰石质量分数为3.3%时, 复合材料的弯曲强度达到159.6 MPa, 弯曲模量达到5.1 GPa, 比CS基体分别提高85.6%和54.5%。HA*/CS复合棒材的弯曲强度和弯曲模量远高于松质骨, 弯曲强度也比密质骨高。      

改性聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备及性能研究

以羟脯氨酸改性后聚乳酸(PLA)作为基体材料,以羟基磷灰石(HA)为改性材料,制备了聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石复合材料(PLA/HA)。通过X射线(XRD)表征可知,改性后的PLA和HA的混合为物理混合,混合的过程中并没有改变HA的结晶性。TG分析结果表明,HA的加入能够提高材料的热稳定性能。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察可知纳米级HA粒子未发生团聚现象,两种物质的界面相容性良好。力学性能测试得出:材料的力学强度在HA的含量为10%时为最佳,此时的拉伸强度为45.7MPa、弯曲强度为127.7MPa、弯曲模量为2.34GPa,能够满足人体骨组织的强度要求。     

CIP/GF/CF/EP吸波复合材料的制备及力学性能

为制备兼具力学性能和电磁吸收性能的结构型吸波材料,采用真空辅助成型工艺设计制备一种以羰基铁粉(CIP)为吸收剂,玻璃纤维(GF)为透波层,碳纤维(CF)为反射层,环氧树脂(EP)为基体的吸波复合材料。研究了不同质量比CIP/EP对吸波复合材料力学性能和微波吸收性能的影响。通过FTIR和DSC分析可知CIP未与EP发生化学反应。SEM结果表明CIP能够在EP树脂基体中均匀分散,不趋向于纤维表面。力学测试分析结果显示:当CIP/EP质量比达到30%时,CIP/GF/CF/EP复合材料的力学性能最佳,拉伸强度为347.56MPa,拉伸模量为25.99GPa,较纯GF/CF/EP复合材料提升了4.3%和5.7%;弯曲强度为339.6MPa,弯曲模量为23.7GPa,较纯GF/CF/EP复合材料提升了18.2%和71.2%。矢量网络分析可知复合吸波板的吸波性能随CIP含量的增加而增加,且吸波损耗反射峰值朝低频段移动。     

PA-6/碳纤维复合材料性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备出了PA-6/碳纤维复合材料,研究了碳纤维对复合材料性能的影响;利用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了PA-6/碳纤维复合材料的断面形貌。结果表明:加入碳纤维后,PA-6的熔融指数降低;处理过的碳纤维与PA-6基体间界面粘结性较好,使得PA-6的冲击强度有所增加,拉伸强度、弯曲模量及力学性能的稳定性显著提升,吸水性明显降低。     

连续碳纤维增强杂萘联苯共聚芳醚砜复合材料的制备及力学性能

以含二氮杂萘酮联苯共聚芳醚砜(PPBES)为树脂基体,连续碳纤维T700-12K为增强材料,采用溶液浸渍和模压成型的方法制备出单向复合材料。通过对复合材料样条进行三点弯曲以及短梁剪切力学性能测试,考察了复合材料纤维体积分数、模压成型温度、成型压力及保压时间对复合材料弯曲强度、模量及层间剪切强度的影响。分别测试了复合材料在干态及湿态下的高温力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,当复合材料纤维体积分数为63%,模压成型温度为350℃,成型压力为4 MPa,保压时间为20 min时,复合材料的力学性能最佳。动态热机械性能测试结果表明复合材料在230℃之前,储能模量保持稳定。而水煮48 h后复合材料的吸水率为0.3%。     

In vitro evaluation of a new polymethylmethacrylate cement reinforced with hydroxyapatite

The nature of the orthopedic implant surface affects the interaction between cells and subsequent bone formation. The bone/cement interface in cement-held prostheses is considered to be the main cause of fracture leading to implant revision. It is thought that the introduction of a bioactive phase, such as hydroxyapatite (HA), to cement may permit a stronger implant by encouraging direct bone apposition rather than encapsulation of the implant by fibrous tissue. Thus, a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) cement incorporating 17.5% HA by weight has been investigated. In this study, in order to analyze the interaction at the cellular level, the in vitro biological response of the HA/PMMA to a similar PMMA without HA incorporation has been studied. Primary human osteoblast-like cells (HOB) were used as they are a model of the cell type the cements might encounter in vivo. Cell proliferation and growth were assessed by measurement of total cellular DNA and tritiated thymidine ([³H]-TdR) incorporation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production was measured as an indicator of HOB phenotype upon the cements. The results showed that HA/PMMA was a better substrate for HOB cells, resulting in increased proliferation and ALP activity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that HOB cells cultured on the HA-filled PMMA preferentially anchored to HA particles exposed at the cement surface, with a close intimacy observed between HA and HOB cells.     

在氯仿中合成纳米羟基灰石的研究

采用卵磷脂作为乳化剂,在氯仿-水所形成的乳液中制备纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)晶粒,并研究了卵磷脂对HA在氯仿中分散性的影响。FTIR及TEM分析结果表明,卵磷脂能吸附在HA晶粒表面,起着表面改性作用。通过分液除去水分后,HA仍能均匀地分散于氯仿中,没有产生团聚。因而,通过该法能制备出颗粒度在100nm左右、分散性好、能稳定存在的HA的氯仿悬浮液。在该悬浮液中加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)能形成HA/PMMA复合材料,并且HA晶粒在基体中分散均匀。因此,本文的制备方法对于制备具有良好两相分布形貌和具有高强力学性能的有机无机复合材料有着重要意义。     

颅骨修复复合材料的制备

主要论述了碳纤维 (CF)和玻璃纤维 (GF)混杂增强聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA) /羟基磷灰石 (HA)复合材料人工颅骨的制备方法及其力学性能。通过实验 ,证实了此复合材料具有比单纯GF增强PMMA/HA复合材料人工颅骨更好的物理机械性能 ,是目前制作人工颅骨较为理想的材料。     

Flexural and fatigue properties of a bone cement based upon polyethylmethacrylate and hydroxyapatite

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is commonly used in surgery to fix joint replacements into the bone. Although the operations are generally successful, loosening of the prosthesis does occur with fracture of the bone cement treated as the source of failure in some instances. Polyethylmethacrylate (PEMA) bone cement offers a promising alternative to PMMA due to its high ductility, low toxicity and low exotherm. In addition, hydroxyapatite (HA) particles can be added, while retaining the ductile properties of the material. In this study, the flexural and fatigue properties of this experimental cement, with and without HA reinforcement, have been examined. It was found that up to 40wt.% HA could be added with increases in both flexural strength and modulus. Specimens were subjected to tensiontension cyclic loading at a number of stress levels until catastrophic failure occurred. In comparison with a commercial PMMA cement, tested at relatively high stresses, the PEMA cement failed at lower cycles to failure. However, the data converged at the lower stresses employed which are closer to the physiological loading situation. With the addition of HA, although the cycles to failure were decreased, the deformation experienced by the PEMA-HA cement whilst being cycled was reduced.     

Measured and calculated angular responses of panasonic UD-809 thermoluminescence dosemeters to neutrons

Multi-element thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLD), such as the Panasonic UD-809, are used in personal dosimetry. The Panasonic UD-809 dosemeter consists of one gamma sensitive and three neutron sensitive TLD elements with different filter materials. In this work, the neutron energy responses (the number of (n,alpha) reactions per neutron) of the neutron-sensitive TLD elements of the Panasonic UD-809 dosemeter were calculated using the MCNP Monte Carlo transport code. Experiments were performed in a calibration geometry with an unmoderated 252Cf neutron source. These measurements were made with the dosemeter placed on the centre front face of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) slab phantom. The phantom was rotated in the horizontal plane from -90 to +90 degrees, in 15 degree increments. Good agreement between calculated and measured element responses was observed. The angular dependency of personal dose equivalent was also calculated for parallel beams of 252Cf neutrons and compared to the TLD element angular responses.     

PMMA模塑料流变性能与挤出制板技术研究

用Ｉｎｓｔｒｏｎ３２１１流变仪在模拟挤出条件下，测定了４种牌号ＰＭＭＡ模塑料（中国）ＹＭ－１，德国７Ｈ、意大利９Ｅ、日本ＨＡ）的表观粘度、流支活化能和流变曲线。考究了其熔体属于非牛顿性的假塑性流体，其熔体的表观粘度与温度的关系符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ规律，讨论了影响其流变性能的几种因素，并联系抗出成型的特点予以分析。因此所得结论对ＰＭＭＡ模塑料挤出制板工艺有一定的指导意义。     

镀铜碳纤维对粉末冶金泡沫铝稳定性的影响

以工业酒精为分散剂,采用搅拌法将0.7%(体积分数)含量的短Cf均匀分散到可发泡前驱体的混合物中,并成功制备了高稳定性的泡沫铝材料。利用300dpi扫描仪、SEM和EDX,结合液态金属泡沫排液模型和Plateau边界与薄膜之间压差对粉末冶金泡沫铝的泡沫稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,短Cf改善了同铝熔体之间的润湿性,并广泛分布于Plateau边界和泡壁内以及泡孔内表面上;面扫描中的Cu元素分布均匀,没有出现CuAl2脆性相;短Cf的添加增加了熔体的表观粘度,因此减小了泡壁变薄速率和液态泡沫流动速率;通过在短Cf长度方向上改变Plateau边界和泡壁薄膜的曲率半径,减小了二者之间的压差。对于粉末冶金泡沫铝而言,短Cf是一种有效的外加稳定剂。