冠突散囊菌对茯砖茶品质形成的影响

以同批黑毛茶为原料,通过人工接种发酵试验追踪检测优势菌和主要功效成分的含量,研究冠突散囊菌对茯砖茶品质的影响。结果显示,随着冠突散囊菌的生长,接种发酵剂1、2及对照组(ck)茶样中茶多酚、EGCG、游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶黄素、茶红素含量出现有不同程度下降,茶多糖、水浸出物和茶褐素含量上升,其中水浸出物含量分别上升1.49%、2.88%、3.22%。感官评定结果显示"发花"对茯砖茶的品质形成有促进作用。     

冠突散囊菌医药价值研究进展

冠突散囊菌(Eurotium cristatum)是茯砖茶发酵过程中的优势真菌,作为一种通过发酵工艺长成的益生菌,其能有效地调节人体新陈代谢,并有较强的降脂、降压、调节糖类代谢的功效,被认为是在医学领域具有应用潜力的微生物,逐步得到科研的重视。本文从药理学研究、生物活性两方面对冠突散囊菌的研究现状进行归纳总结,并对其在医药方面的应用前景进行了展望。冠突散囊菌具有对培养条件要求低,其有效成分提取工艺简便,并安全无毒等优点,同时具有提高免疫力,调节肠道菌群与降血脂等生物活性,可在临床抗肿瘤,治疗腹泻以及减肥等领域发挥新的用途。     

冠突散囊菌胞外多糖生物活性高通量筛选试验

目的：探讨冠突散囊菌胞外多糖的生物活性以及茯砖茶的功能成分；方法：从不同培养基冠突散囊菌液体发酵液中分离出胞外多糖ECP和ECP，采用高通量筛选技术，选用PPARs、K526和HepG2模型对其减肥降脂和抗肿瘤活性进行初步研究；结果：冠突散囊菌胞外多糖对PPARα、PPARγ、PPARδ3种模型均有活性，且对PPARγ模型有强的活性，ECP和ECP#对PPARγ模型激活值分别达1．63和1．41；ECP对K562细胞有一定的抑制作用。     

冠突散囊菌DNA提取方法的比较

为寻找一种良好的提取冠突散囊菌基因组DNA的方法。实验以冠突散囊菌(CGMCC 3.0462)标准菌株为研究材料,比较不同方法提取冠突散囊菌的基因组DNA的效果差异,再利用DNA浓度测试、琼脂糖凝胶电泳及PCR扩增3种手段比较DNA提取的效果。结果显示:600W超声破壁和液氮研磨破壁提取的冠突散囊菌基因组DNA杂质含量高。而200W的超声功率无法破碎冠突散囊菌细胞壁,无法提取DNA。400W超声破壁提取的DNA的浓度较大、纯度高、效果好,适用于冠突散囊菌基因组DNA的提取。但400W超声破壁、600W超声破壁和液氮研磨破壁3种方法提取的基因组DNA均达到PCR实验的要求。     

冠突散囊菌发酵燕麦对阿魏酸含量的影响

以燕麦为基质,利用冠突散囊菌进行燕麦固态发酵,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化阿魏酸提取工艺及燕麦发酵条件,采用 高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定燕麦的阿魏酸含量。 结果表明,阿魏酸提取最佳工艺是采用固液比为1∶10（g∶mL）的体积分数60%的乙 醇在50 ℃条件下浸提发酵燕麦6 h; 燕麦发酵最佳条件为裸燕麦在pH 5的水溶液中浸泡12 h,121 ℃灭菌后接种1%的冠突散囊菌, 26 ℃恒温发酵;在此条件下发酵燕麦阿魏酸含量在发酵第4 d时达到最高835.89 μg/g,是未发酵燕麦的4.2倍。     

冠突散囊菌发酵液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫学指标的影响

目的：探究冠突散囊菌发酵液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫指标的影响。方法：采用剂量为80 mg/kg的环磷酰胺腹腔注射小鼠,建立免疫抑制模型。用低、中、高剂量的冠突散囊菌发酵液,连续灌胃免疫抑制小鼠15 d,检测小鼠脾脏指数、单核—巨噬细胞吞噬指数、半数溶血值、迟发型变态反应、血清中白介素-2（IL-2）质量浓度。结果：与对照组相比,中、高剂量组的冠突散囊菌发酵液能显著升高（P＜0.05）免疫抑制小鼠的半数溶血值、加快迟发性变态反应;低、中、高剂量组均能提高血清中IL-2质量浓度,分别上升至正常组的3.07,3.10,2.87倍,对小鼠单核—巨噬细胞免疫功能作用不明显。结论：冠突散囊菌发酵液对小鼠具有增强免疫力的功能。     

冠突散囊菌发酵液的抗菌作用

采用滤纸片法研究茯砖茶浸提液、PDA原液和冠突散囊菌PDA发酵液对细菌、酵母菌、霉菌和放线菌的抑制作用及酸碱度、温度和紫外光照射对冠突散囊菌PDA发酵液抑菌作用的影响。结果表明：茯砖茶浸提液和冠突散囊菌发酵液对细菌有较强的抑制作用,而对酵母菌和霉菌抑制作用不明显。通过对冠突散囊菌PDA发酵液抑菌物质稳定性的初步研究,结果表明,发酵液中的抑菌物质对温度(40～120℃)、紫外光(照射10h之内)和酸碱(pH2～10)稳定。     

冠突散囊菌在发酵茶中应用的研究进展

冠突散囊菌是茯砖茶在特定环境下通过"发花"工艺长成的自然益生菌体,具有改良茶品质,增强产品降血压,减肥等功效。主要介绍冠突散囊菌的功能特性、"发花"条件与茶品质关系,存在问题与发展方向,以期为冠突散囊菌深入研究和应用提供帮助。     

冠突散囊菌及其次级代谢产物研究进展

冠突散囊菌是茯砖茶“金花”中的主要菌种,也是影响茯砖茶品质的重要因素。冠突散囊菌的次级代谢产物主要包括苯甲醛类、蒽醌类、二酮哌嗪吲哚生物碱类和其他类化合物,因其具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等生物活性,在功能食品等方面具有较好的应用前景。该文综述近年来冠突散囊菌的鉴定、次级代谢产物种类、生物活性和应用前景,以期为深入研究冠突散囊菌及其次级代谢产物提供理论参考。     

冠突散囊菌发酵桑叶茶品质研究

为探究冠突散囊菌在制作发酵桑叶茶中的应用,从茯砖茶“金花”中筛选冠突散囊菌,并进行菌落形态特征观察、光学显微镜及电镜观察、18S rDNA测序、同源比对,鉴定得到一株冠突散囊菌,命名为GTSNJ001.利用该菌株,以桑叶为原料,制作冠突散囊菌发酵桑叶茶和桑叶绿茶,以多糖、黄酮、多酚、水浸出率、1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)...     

果酒中香气化合物的生物转化与调控机制研究进展

果酒发酵过程中微生物及其代谢酶引发的一系列生化反应对其风味形成具有重要作用,但目前仍存在生物调控手段不完善,香气形成机理不清晰等问题,制约着我国果酒产品的开发和品质提升。本文对不同果酒中香气化合物种类及其生成途径进行阐述,分析香气前体物质代谢和微生物发酵对果酒香气的贡献;从生物调控角度重点论述不同果酒发酵过程香气成分的变化规律及微生物和酶对果酒香气化合物的影响机制,分析发酵菌种、发酵方式、微生物产酶能力及其酶活力大小等因素对果酒香气形成的作用,深入介绍微生物、酶同果酒香气的关系;最后,对未来果酒的研究热点进行展望,为建立以风味导向为基础的果酒定向调控手段提供理论依据和技术支持。     

Anti-Diabetic Potential of Phenolic Compounds: A Review

Starch is the main carbohydrate in human nutrition. Starch digestibility can vary from a rapid digestion to indigestibility. Therefore, postprandial glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics is of great interest in the context of worldwide health concerns. Although powerful synthetic inhibitors of starch digestive enzymes, such as acarbose, are available to control postprandial hyperglycemia, plant-based enzyme inhibitors are potentially safer. Natural enzyme inhibitors, such as wheat albumin, the Phaseolus vulgaris α-amylase inhibitor, and several phenolic compounds, have the potential to serve as a remedy against hyperglycemia-induced chronic diseases. The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase is mediated by different phenolics found in varieties of raspberry. Maltase inhibitory activities of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid from fruit of Terminalia chebula are comparable to that of acarbose. The Nepalese herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata) phenolics, (-)-3-O-galloylepicatechin and (-)-3-O-galloylcatechin, showed effective inhibition against starch digesting enzymes. In separate studies, oral administration of starch and maltose with persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf tea proanthocyanidins [containing (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate] and black/bitter cumin (Centratherum anthelminticum) seed phenolics, respectively, resulted in a significant and dose-dependent decrease in the blood glucose level in Wistar rats. Co-application of phenolics with synthetic enzyme inhibitors may reduce the effective dose of synthetic inhibitors required in the regulation of starch digestion. Several phenolic compounds might be useful functional food components and could contribute to manage both hyperglycemia and proper cellular redox status. Human dose-selecting studies and well-controlled long-term human studies would help to optimize the beneficial effects of phenolic compounds.     

Phenolic Compounds and Plant Phenolic Extracts as Natural Antioxidants in Prevention of Lipid Oxidation in Seafood: A Detailed Review

Lipid oxidation is the principal cause of quality loss in seafood, which is known to contain high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Such quality deterioration, associated with the development of off‐flavor as well as lowering of nutritive value, can be retarded by incorporation of additives having antioxidative properties. The use of synthetic antioxidants has long been practiced in retarding lipid oxidation. However, due to the potential health concerns of synthetic antioxidants, polyphenolic compounds, which are found in different plants and their manufactured by‐products, have been used as an alternative natural antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation in different seafood systems. Both pure phenolic compounds and crude plant phenolic extracts have been successfully used in delaying oxidation in fish muscle, fish oil, and fish oil‐in‐water emulsions. This article reviews in detail the phenolic antioxidants and their natural sources as well as focuses on the role of pure phenolic compounds and crude plant phenolic extracts on the prevention of lipid oxidation in different seafood systems.     

枇杷酚类物质及其生物活性研究进展

枇杷富含酚类物质,目前已鉴定酚酸(羟基肉桂酸和羟基苯甲酸)和黄酮类(黄酮醇、黄烷酮、黄烷醇和黄酮木脂素)等物质50余种。不同组织、品种、发育阶段和采后处理方法均能影响酚类物质组成和含量。枇杷酚类物质有抗氧化、消炎、抗糖尿病、细胞保护、抑菌等生物活性。本文对枇杷酚类物质组成、含量分布和生物活性进行综述。     

综述杂豆酚类化合物多样性的影响因素

杂豆酚类化合物种类繁多,并影响杂豆的外观、感官特征及营养特性。杂豆酚类化合物多样性是杂豆营养特性研究的重点。本文总结杂豆酚类化合物多样性的影响因素,发现合理的提取与分析方法有利于酚类化合物提取的完整性以及表征的正确性。在此基础上,指出种属与产地、生长与贮藏及加工过程影响杂豆酚类化合物的合成、溶出与释放,并促使酚类化合物多样性的形成。最后介绍杂豆酚类化合物多样性的代谢组学技术在杂豆多样性研究方面的贡献与优势,提出今后工作的重点与挑战,以期为杂豆酚类化合物的变化机制、加工利用及育种等提供参考。     

Phenolic Compounds of Cereals and Their Antioxidant Capacity

Phenolic compounds play an important role in health benefits because of their highly antioxidant capacity. In this review, total phenolic contents (TPCs), phenolic acid profile and antioxidant capacity of the extracted from wheat, corn, rice, barley, sorghum, rye, oat, and millet, which have been recently reported, are summarized. The review shows clearly that cereals contain a number of phytochemicals including phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, etc. The phytochemicals of cereals significantly exhibit antioxidant activity as measured by trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and DNA, Rancimat, inhibition of photochemilumenescence (PCL), and iron(II) chelation activity. Thus, the consumption of whole grains is considered to have significantly health benefits in prevention from chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer because of the contribution of phenolic compounds existed. In addition, the extracts from cereal brans are considered to be used as a source of natural antioxidants.     

天然酚类化合物的抑菌作用及在肉与肉制品中的应用研究进展

氧化和微生物腐败是影响肉与肉制品品质和货架期的主要原因。从植物中提取的酚类化合物具有抗氧化和抑菌活性,但其抑菌机制尚不完全明确,同时缺乏较为系统、深入的总结。本文基于天然酚类化合物的分类和抑菌活性差异,从细胞壁、细胞膜、生物膜和蛋白质的合成等方面分析总结酚类化合物可能的抑菌机制及其在肉类工业中的应用情况,以期为研究天然酚类化合物的抑菌机制及其在肉类生产加工中的应用提供理论基础。     

Marine Bioactive Compounds and Their Health Benefits: A Review

The significance of marine creatures as a source of unique bioactive compounds is expanding. Marine organisms constitue nearly half of the wordwide biodiversity; thus, oceans and sea present a vast resource for new substances and it is considered the largest remaining reservoir of beneficial natural molecules that maight be used as functional constituents in the food sector. This review is an update to the information about recent functional seafood compounds (proteins, peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, sterols, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, phenolic compounds, photosynthetic pigments, vitamins, and minerals) focusing on their potential use and health benefits.     

松花粉提取物抗氧化活性及其酚类化合物的研究

为研究松花粉抗氧化活性,采用HPLC-ECD方法测定了松花粉的水提取物和乙醇(乙醇体积分数为80%)提取物中的酚类化合物的含量。同时评价了其对羟基自由基介导的2-脱氧核糖裂解的保护作用。结果表明:2种提取物中均含有原儿茶酸、咖啡酸、p-香豆酸、阿魏酸和高良姜素,乙醇提取物中含有芦丁、槲皮素和山奈酚。松花粉乙醇提取物中的总酚含量显著高于水提物(P<0.05),但水提取物的还原能力和络合能力显著高于乙醇提取物(P<0.05)。2种提取物对非定位羟基自由基介导的2-脱氧核糖裂解的保护作用均显著高于定位羟基自由基(P<0.05),表明松花粉提取物对羟基自由基介导的2-脱氧核糖裂解的保护作用主要通过清除羟基自由基来实现的,这可能与松花粉提取物中含有大量的酚类化合物有关。     

HPLC测定番荔枝果实中酚类成分及抗氧化相关性

目的：建立高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）法同时测定番荔枝果实3 个部位中13 种酚类成分的种类及含量,并分析含量与抗氧化活性的相关性。方法：采用福林-酚法测定总酚含量;通过HPLC法对番荔枝果实中的单酚成分进行比较;通过1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基与2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基清除能力的检测方法测定番荔枝果实的抗氧化活性。结果：番荔枝果实中总酚含量为果皮＞果肉＞种子,果皮含量最高为59.48～127.84 mg/g;番荔枝单酚含量结果表明果皮显著高于果肉和种子部位,各产地酚类种类和含量差异显著。果皮和果肉中对羟基苯甲酸、儿茶素、咖啡酸、表儿茶素含量相对较高,表儿茶素最高为2 398.17 mg/mL。抗氧化结果表明番荔枝果实清除ABTS阳离子自由基能力高于DPPH自由基,且果皮活性最好,分别在质量浓度为0.39、1.56 mg/mL时均达到最高清除率。结论：番荔枝果实中果皮、果肉、种子3 个部位中所含酚类物质种类及含量有显著性差异;果皮部位所含种类及含量均最高,且抗氧化活性最佳,可作为天然抗氧化剂。