甲嘧磺隆的合成路线

甲嘧磺隆(Sulfometuron-methyl)是一种新型的磺酰脲类超高效除草剂,主要用于林地的除草灭灌。本文详述了甲嘧磺隆及其中间体的合成路线。     

甲嘧磺隆的合成路线

甲嘧磺隆（Sulfometuron-methyl）是一种新型的磺酰脲类超高效除草剂,主要用于林地的除草灭灌。本文祥述了甲嘧磺隆及其中间体的合成路线。     

初步探究土壤及水质中甲嘧磺隆的残留及其检测技术的研究进展

目的：本研究对磺酰脲类除草剂的前处理方法及检测技术进行综述,并参照农业部标准NY/T 2067-2011采用超高效液相色谱—质谱联用法测定土壤及水质中甲嘧磺隆的残留,旨在为今后磺酰脲类除草剂的检测开发提供新的思路和参考价值。结果：土壤提取液中甲嘧磺隆的加标回收率在85.3%～98.7%之间,农田水中甲嘧磺隆的加标回收率在92.3%～103.2%之间,两者的相对标准偏差均在1.4%～4.6%之间。该方法简单、快速且有效可满足农田土壤及水质中甲嘧磺隆的日常检测及监测工作的需要。     

在线SPE-UPLC-QTRAP MS测定水中13种磺酰脲类除草剂

采用在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆复合线性离子阱质谱技术建立了水中甲磺隆、噻吩磺隆、烟嘧磺隆、氯磺隆、胺苯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、氯嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、环氧嘧磺隆、醚苯磺隆、甲嘧磺隆、氟磺隆及氟嘧磺隆13种磺酰脲类除草剂的检测方法。水样经滤膜过滤后经Oasis HLB在线柱富集净化,以Kinetex C₁₈色谱柱分离,用乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子（ESI⁺）多反应监测（MRM）信息依赖采集（IDA）增强子离子（EPI）扫描方式进行检测,外标法定量,EPI谱库确证辅助定性。结果表明,该方法在2.0～50.0 ng/L范围内线性良好（r≥0.998）,加标回收率为71.4%～111.2%,相对标准偏差在2.7%～10.3%（n=6）,方法检出限为0.4～0.6 ng/L,基质效应为-17.9%～13.8%。利用该方法对太湖水进行检测,结果表明,除醚苯磺隆和氟嘧磺隆外,其余11种磺酰脲类除草剂均有不同程度检出。     

磺酰脲类除草剂成开发热点

磺酰脲类除草剂由美国杜邦公司于20世纪80年代开发,目前在全球广泛应用。磺酰脲类在除草剂市场仅次于氨基酸类(草甘膦、草胺膦等)位列第2。2009年销售额上亿的品种有苯磺隆、烟嘧磺隆、砜嘧磺隆、氯嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、甲磺隆、碘甲磺隆、     

机油乳油提高药液对紫茎泽兰叶片润湿性研究

测定添加机油乳油的氨氯吡啶酸药液和甲嘧磺隆药液的表面张力,得到了机油乳油可以很明显地降低市售的氨氯吡啶酸、甲嘧磺隆制剂药液的表面张力的结论。氨氯吡啶酸的表面张力可由80mN/m左右降低到37mN/m左右,甲嘧磺隆可从90mN/m左右降低到40mN/m左右。通过氨氯吡啶酸药液和甲嘧磺隆药液与紫茎泽兰叶片接触角随时间变化规律的研究,确定液滴与叶片达到平衡的时间,即接触角测定的最佳时间。在药液与叶片达到平衡时,测定添加不同浓度机油乳油的氨氯吡啶酸药液与甲嘧磺隆药液与紫茎泽兰叶片的接触角,找出接触角较小时机油乳油的最低浓度,探索出提高药液在紫茎泽兰叶片润湿性的最小机油乳油添加浓度,以期为野外紫茎泽兰的化学防除工作提供参考。结果表明,液滴与紫茎泽兰叶片平衡时间为50s;农药与助剂最佳搭配为:0.2～0.4g/L氨氯吡啶酸+0.020%～0.040%机油乳油,0.4～0.8g/L氨氯吡啶酸+0.004%～0.040%机油乳油,0.8～1.6g/L氨氯吡啶酸+0.004%机油乳油;0.1～0.2g/L甲嘧磺隆+0.020%机油乳油,0.2～0.4g/L甲嘧磺隆+0.020%～0.040%机油乳油、0.4～0.8g/L甲嘧磺隆0.020%～0.040%机油乳油。     

25%嗪草酮·高效氟吡甲禾灵·砜嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂高效液相色谱分析

[目的]建立一种对25%嗪草酮·高效氟吡甲禾灵·砜嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂进行分离和测定的高效液相色谱分析方法。[方法]采用ZORBAX SB-C18反相柱,以甲醇和水(0.1%磷酸水溶液)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,在254 nm条件下对试样中的嗪草酮、高效氟吡甲禾灵和砜嘧磺隆同时进行定量分析。[结果]经分析方法验证,嗪草酮、高效氟吡甲禾灵和砜嘧磺隆的线性相关系数分别为0.9995、0.9999、1,标准偏差分别为0.057、0.033、0.005,变异系数分别为0.26%、0.64%、0.32%,平均回收率分别为100.2%、99.7%、100.5%。[结论]该方法简便、快速、分离效果好,适用于复配制剂中嗪草酮、高效氟吡甲禾灵和砜嘧磺隆的定量分析。     

小麦田除草剂62%甲硫嘧磺隆·异丙隆水分散粒剂的研制

甲硫嘧磺隆(实验代号为HNPC-C9908)是湖南化工研究院自主研制的新型磺酰脲类除草剂,主要用于防除小麦田杂草。为了提高它的除草效果、拓宽除草谱、改善对作物的安全性,将甲硫嘧磺隆与异丙隆以2:60(m/m)复配制成水分散粒剂。经过助剂筛选,得出了其水分散粒剂的优惠配方为(W/W):甲硫嘧磺隆2.0%、异丙隆60.0%、润湿剂A32.0%、分散剂B56.0%、崩解剂C420%、粘结剂D11.0%、载体补至100%。按上述配方配制的62%甲硫嘧磺隆·异丙隆水分散粒剂。经各项技术指标和热贮稳定性测定均达到有关水分散粒剂的质量标准。     

甲硫嘧磺隆的高效液相色谱分析

采用反相高效液相色谱法对甲硫嘧磺隆进行定量分析。使用GeminiTMC18不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,在277nm波长下对甲硫嘧磺隆进行分离和定量检测。结果表明,该方法的线性相关系数为0.9996,标准偏差为0.22,变异系数为0.25%,平均回收率为100.22%。     

氯嘧磺隆降解菌SN10对土壤微生物及作物生长的影响

[目的]研究氯嘧磺隆降解菌SN10菌株对土壤微生物种群动态变化和作物生长的影响。[方法]通过室内盆栽试验,采用稀释涂布平板法,氯嘧磺隆添加质量分数分别为10、50、100μg/kg。将配好的土样接种SN10菌株,同时设置不加氯嘧磺隆的清水对照和加氯嘧磺隆不加菌株的对照。[结果]接种降解菌SN10菌株后减弱了氯嘧磺隆对原有土壤微生物区系的影响,减轻对玉米、高粱、黄瓜、小麦的药害作用,使出苗率、株高和鲜质量均有所提高,低质量分数药剂加降解菌SN10的处理基本恢复到清水对照水平。[结论]SN10菌株能够有效降低土壤中氯嘧磺隆的残留,对于被氯嘧磺隆污染的土壤具有较好的修复作用。     

麻疯树籽毒蛋白抑菌活性初步研究

通过浸泡、匀浆、离心、干燥等工艺,得到了麻疯树毒蛋白,将该蛋白进行抑菌活性研究,得到了如下研究结果：对酿酒酵母、毛霉和根霉具有较强的抑菌活性,对毛霉和根霉的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）不超过1.5 g/L,对酿酒酵母最低抑菌浓度不超过1.0 g/L,而其对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌作用不明显。抑菌的最佳p H值。     

毒物对发光细菌发光率的影响

研究了苯胺等四种物质对发光细菌发光率的影响。结果表明 ,环己酮和环己烷的影响较苯胺和硝基苯强 ;不同毒物混合后的影响较单一毒物的影响弱。测定时水样的 pH值应调节至 6.9～ 7.0范围内。     

Sulphide inhibition of methanogenic activity at various pH levels at 55°C

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxic effect of sulphide on thermophilic methanogenic bacteria, pre-cultivated in UASB-reactors fed with and without sulphate, at 55°C and different pH levels. For granular sludge, precultivated in the presence of sulphate, the inhibition caused by hydrogen sulphide was dependent on the pH imposed. At alkaline pH the inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulphide was higher than at neutral or acidic pH. The effect of sulphide could not be described in terms of free hydrogen sulphide level only. For dispersed sludge, pre-cultivated in the absence of sulphate, the inhibition caused by free hydrogen sulphide was independent of the pH, and the toxic effect of sulphide could be described in terms of free hydrogen sulphide.     

Safety and Health in Industry,with Special Reference to Toxicity

The terms ‘toxicity hazard’, ‘acute toxic effect’ and ‘chronic toxic effect’ are defined. Toxic substances are classified into five groups, which are discussed. The mode of entry of toxic substances into the body is described. The threshold limit and ceiling values are the concentrations of toxic substances in the atmosphere which decide the extent of the hazard that may be present. These factors are discussed. Methods of detection are then described briefly, as are the steps that may be taken if a toxic substance must be used. Finally, the legislation governing the use of toxic substances is outlined.     

Reactive extraction of propionic acid using tri‐n‐octylamine,tri‐n‐butyl phosphate and aliquat 336 in sunflower oil as diluent

BACKGROUND : Propionic acid is widely used in chemical and allied industries and can be produced by biocultivation in a clean and environmentally friendly route. Recovery of the acid from the dilute stream from the bioreactor is an economic problem. Reactive extraction is a promising method of recovering the acid but suffers from toxicity problems of the solvent employed. There is thus a need for a non‐toxic solvent or a combination of less toxic extractants in a non‐toxic diluent that can recover acid efficiently. RESULTS: The effect of different extractants (tri‐n‐butylphosphate (TBP), tri‐n‐octylamine (TOA) and Aliquat 336) and their mixed binary solutions in sunflower oil diluent was studied to find the best extractant‐sunflower oil combination. Equilibrium complexation constant, K_E, values of 4.02, 3.13 and 1.87 m³ kmol^?1 were obtained for propionic acid extraction using Aliquat 336, TOA and TBP, respectively, in sunflower oil. The effect of different modifiers (1‐decanol, methylisobutyl ketone, butyl acetate and dodecanol) on the extraction was also studied and it was found that modifiers enhance extraction, with 1‐decanol found to be the best. CONCLUSION: The problem of toxicity in reactive extraction can be reduced by using a non‐toxic diluent (sunflower oil) or a modifier in a non‐toxic solvent, with the extractant. The addition of modifiers was found to improve the extraction. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

抗菌剂三氯生的生态毒性研究进展

三氯生作为广谱抗菌剂,30多年来在个人护理品中被广泛应用,长期与人体接触,并被排放到环境中。目前世界各地的各级生物体中均检测到三氯生的污染。三氯生已被证实对包括藻类、植物、低等动物、两栖类、鱼类、哺乳动物等在内的各级生物普遍具有毒性效应,主要表现为生长抑制、致死效应、内分泌干扰、生殖毒性、DNA毒性等方面。     

硬硅钙石对同步培养驯化颗粒污泥去除含铅废水的影响研究

本文对硬硅钙石同步培养颗粒污泥处理含铅废水进行了试验研究,分析了硬硅钙石对反应器的运行、出水指标、微生物、铅的去除率的影响,同时对微生物进行了SEM检测。结果表明,硬硅钙石同步培养污泥不仅保证了反应器的正常运行,而且加快了反应器中污泥颗粒化进程,污泥抗毒性冲击,铅的去除率达到95%以上。     

Research on the effects of detergents (Alkylbenzenesulfonates and phosphates) in sewage systems. A progress report

Summary Several university research programs on the effects of alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) and condensed phosphates on water-treatment plants and sewage-treatment plants are reviewed. Methods of analyzing for very small amounts of these materials have been developed. The concentration of condensed phosphates in surface waters was determined, and it was found that even at several times these levels the effect on normal water-treatment procedures is slight. In sewage treatment plants the presence of ABS is only one of the factors in the frothing problem. Ammonia nitrogen, BOD, and temperature are also involved. Most of the ABS entering an activated sludge process is biologically degraded, and it has no toxic effect on sewage bacteria. At the levels found in surface waters ABS does not have a toxic effect on aquatic life. This report covers work supported by the American Association of Soap and Glycerine Producers. Presented at the fall meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society. September 30, 1957