基于储能装置的风火打捆直流输电系统稳定性研究

当电网侧发生故障或负荷突变时,大规模风电并网直流输电系统的可靠性和稳定性受到冲击。针对系统的安全、稳定运行,文章提出在受端配置超导储能装置(SMES)的风火打捆经直流输电并网拓扑结构。基于双馈风力发电机组和VSC-HVDC系统设计了SMES的控制策略。受端电网发生短路故障或负荷突变时,超导储能装置能保证电网受到干扰后快速恢复,在向系统补偿无功功率的同时提供一定有功支撑,克服故障带给系统的不利影响。通过DIg SILENT软件仿真结果表明:该方案能够有效控制电源侧和电网侧母线电压和频率,改善并网风电场暂态稳定能力以及故障穿越能力,能更好地保证并网系统可靠、稳定运行。     

基于多个松弛终端的直流母线电压分层控制策略研究

独立运行的多微源直流微电网,因其抗扰动能力弱,需要制定合理的能量管理控制策略来平衡微源间的功率流动,实现直流微电网的稳定运行。采用基于多个松弛终端的直流母线电压分层控制策略实现直流微电网的协调控制,当直流微电网中光伏发电功率或者负载发生变化时,通过松弛终端来维持直流母线电压稳定。根据电压分层控制策略,文章所研究的微网组网中松弛终端是超级电容、蓄电池和燃料电池,分别采用双闭环电流电压控制、基于电压的下垂控制和恒压控制实现孤岛模式下分布式发电系统和混合储能系统间的功率平衡。其中光伏发电根据需要可以作为松弛终端,也可以作为功率终端。通过仿真分析研究,验证了该控制策略的良好效果。     

Energy storage-based power buffering control for photovoltaic power generation system

光伏发电系统输出的最大功率随外界环境变化而波动,无法满足负荷的供电需求,针对该问题,建立了基于储能系统的光伏发电系统结构,介绍了光伏发电系统运行原理,分析了系统功率与直流母线电压的关系,设计了无源式储能系统和有源式储能系统对功率进行缓冲以满足控制目标.仿真结果表明,有源式储能系统较无源式储能系统有更好的功率调节作用,通过双向DC-DC变换器的储放能量自动切换控制,使得光伏发电系统输出的功率与负荷需求功率良好匹配,直流电压稳定.     

基于混合储能的直流微电网孤岛运行控制策略研究

分布式能源越来越受到人们的重视,但由于分布式能源发电的不稳定性特点,也加大了大电网的波动风险。微电网能够弥补分布式电源的缺点,减轻大量入网对电力系统的影响。由于微电网运行中,负载不断变化导致母线电压波动,因此维持母线电压稳定,将有利于微电网平稳运行。为提高微电网的经济性与可靠性,采用锂蓄电池-超级电容混合储能系统,并针对混合储能系统的直流微电网孤岛运行策略进行研究。根据微电网储能系统、锂蓄电池储能和超级电容器储能等基本原理,针对孤岛运行模式下微电网母线电压波动及储能系统运行性能下降的问题,设计了一种基于混合储能的直流微电网孤岛运行状态下的控制策略。用电压电流双闭环的储能系统控制方式,以DC-DC变换器进行功率分配,锂蓄电池对低频部分功率进行补偿,高频部分功率由超级电容器补偿。同时该混合储能系统能有效减少锂蓄电池充放电变化,避免过充过放现象的发生。通过Matlab/Simulink软件搭建仿真平台进行仿真模拟,证实了所设计的控制策略在稳定母线电压,避免蓄电池频繁充放电及过充过放现象中具有良好的优化作用。     

分布式光伏发电系统改进虚拟同步发电机控制

提出一种计及分布式光伏发电系统源端输出功率波动特征的改进虚拟同步发电机(IVSG)控制策略。对单台虚拟同步发电机功率平衡方程特征值进行分析,明确了光伏电源的基本运行特性,确定了光伏电源稳定运行区域。在传统虚拟同步发电机(VSG)的基础之上进一步采用了直流电压稳定控制技术,提出改进的虚拟同步发电机控制策略。当光伏电源输出功率低于负载需求时起到抑制直流母线电压跌落、维持直流电压稳定的作用,实现按照负荷或并网功率需求进行功率匹配的目的。仿真与实验结果验证了所提控制策略的可行性与有效性。     

计及混合储能荷电状态的光伏直流微网功率分配策略

针对光伏直流微电网中光伏出力和负荷投切产生的功率波动,将锂电池和超级电容器构成的混合储能系统（hybrid energy storage system,HESS）运用在直流微网中可以平抑系统功率波动和稳定直流母线电压。在考虑超级电容荷电状态（SOC）的二次功率分配的基础上,提出一种基于光伏单元,混合储能系统和负荷三者协调运行的控制模式。根据光伏电池出力情况和负载消耗功率的关系以及各储能单元间SOC的不同,将光伏直流微电网分为4种运行模式,实时调节各储能单元的出力情况,使系统各微源间的功率达到动态平衡。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了一个含混合储能系统的光伏直流微网仿真模型,结果表明所提控制策略既能稳定运行在各种工作模式,又能保证直流微网系统稳定可靠运行的前提下优化各微源间的出力,验证了该控制策略的有效性和准确性。     

含多微源的微网并网控制运行特性研究

文章以永磁同步风力发电机、光伏发电系统、蓄电池储能系统建立了混合微网结构模型。为了充分发挥各微源的优势并保证微网的供电质量,对各微源控制器采用不同控制策略进行。对风力发电系统采用改进PQ控制、光伏发电DC/DC变换器进行最大功率跟踪法控制以及蓄电池采用定直流电压控制来维持直流母线电压。文章基于PSCAD/EMTDC软件对系统不同运行工况进行仿真,结果表明控制策略具有正确性及可行性。     

高温超导磁储能装置功率调节特性实验研究

介绍了所研制的直接冷却式高温超导磁储能(SMES)系统,通过动模实验研究了具有电流源型逆变器SMES装置的功率调节特性,包括装置的储能、有功功率和无功功率调节过程和特性等。研究结果表明,该装置具有快速有效与系统交换功率的能力,可以在四象限内进行有功功率和无功功率独立调节,从而为实现电力系统动态不平衡功率补偿创造了条件。     

基于滑模变功率跟踪的PV-VSG控制技术

针对含储能装置的传统光伏虚拟同步发电机（PV-VSG）不仅投资成本高且未考虑光伏阵列输出特性的问题,提出一种基于滑模变功率点跟踪（SM-VPT）的PV-VSG控制策略。该方法在滑模控制的基础上引入直流母线电压偏差控制,调整光伏阵列的功率跟踪轨迹,实现光伏出力自适应匹配负载需求,即当光伏容量充足时,只提供与负载相匹配的功率;光伏功率不足时,可实现传统的MPPT控制以减少电力短缺,同时防止直流电压骤降,保证系统稳定运行。该方法使PV-VSG能够按需向负载供电,无需增加额外的储能设备,可实现光伏发电系统直接以VSG形式接入并网,仿真结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。     

一种基于三端口能量路由的单级式光储并网系统及其高压穿越技术

该文提出一种具有高压穿越能力的基于三端口能量路由的单级式光储并网系统（PV-ESS）。光伏最大功率跟踪始终由三相变换器控制完成。多端口能量路由器可根据不同运行工况使储能灵活接入,平抑光伏输出,使得系统具有更高的效率。在电网高压故障下,通过储能装置抬升直流母线电压,从而使系统具有高压穿越的能力,可在电网高压状态下不脱网连续运行,直至故障恢复。     

光伏水泵提水系统功率补偿控制策略研究

分析系统等效模型,提出一种采用市电补偿的供电方案和基于直流母线电压的功率补偿控制策略,通过检测直流母线电压判断光伏阵列出力与负载功率之间的关系,为系统不同供电模式的切换提供依据,保证系统供电功率的稳定。经仿真和实验验证控制策略的有效性。     

Enhancing the utilization of photovoltaic power generation bysuperconductive magnetic energy storage

The authors demonstrate that a superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) system can enhance large-scale utilization of photovoltaic (PV) generation. Results show that power output from a SMES system can be used to smooth out PV power fluctuations so that the combined PV/SMES output is dispatchable and free from fluctuations. Power generated from PV arrays is shown to be fully utilized under different weather conditions, and PV penetration is increased to significant levels without adversely affecting the power system. Coupled with PV generation, a SMES system is even more effective in performing diurnal load leveling. A coordinated PV/SMES operation scheme is proposed, and its demonstration under different weather conditions is discussed     

Power quality improvement of a stand-alone power system subjected to various disturbances

In wind-diesel stand-alone power systems, the disturbances like random nature of wind power, turbulent wind, sudden changes in load demand and the wind park disconnection effect continuously the system voltage and frequency. The satisfactory operation of such a system is not an easy task and the control design has to take in to account all these subtleties. For maintaining the power quality, generally, a short-term energy storage device is used. In this paper, the performance of a wind-diesel system associated with a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system is studied. The effect of installing SMES at wind park bus/load bus, on the system performance is investigated. To control the exchange of real and reactive powers between the SMES unit and the wind-diesel system, a control strategy based on fuzzy logic is proposed. The dynamic models of the hybrid power system for most common scenarios are developed and the results presented.     

风光互补发电系统功率输出的自适应控制

针对风光互补发电系统在运行过程中出现的供电功率空缺以及直流母线电压不稳定问题,依据光伏为主力发电源,风为辅助发电源的发电方式,提出了以风力发电的输出功率补偿光伏发电的输出功率的自适应控制方案。鉴于发电系统中固有的非线性特征和运行中的参数变化,对风力发电系统采用自适应控制实现对互补发电系统中所需功率的差额实时补偿,保证直流母线电压的平稳。为实现蓄电池充电稳定性,结合蓄电池非线性充电模型设计了充电电流跟踪控制器,确保对期望充电电流的跟踪。理论分析和仿真结果均表明,在互补发电系统运行中采取的控制策略的可行性。     

光储交直流混合微电网协调控制策略及试验设计

针对光伏发电输出功率的随机性和波动性,提出一种适用于光储交直流混合微电网协调控制策略,搭建了光储混合微电网实验平台,完成了硬件电路器件选型和主电路设计,并基于dSPACE1006设计了控制软件,进行了并网模式和孤岛模式下的变载试验。结果表明,所提出的光储微电网协调控制策略可以有效的平滑光伏系统的输出功率,维持交直流母线电压稳定,保证微电网在并网模式和孤网模式下稳定运行。     

Rapid transaction to load variations of active filter supplied by PV system

This paper deals with the analysis and control of a photovoltaic (PV) system connected to the main supply through a Boost converter and shunt active filter supplied by a PV system providing continuous supply of nonlinear load in variation. A robust control of a PV system connected to the grid while feeding a variable nonlinear load is developed and highlighted. This development is based on the control of the Boost converter to extract the maximum power from the PV system using the Perturb and Observe (P and O) algorithm in the presence of temperature and illumination. The proposed modeling and control strategy provide power to the variable nonlinear load and facilitates the transfer of power from solar panel to the grid while improving the quality of energy (harmonic currents compensation, power factor compensation and dc bus voltage regulation). Validation of the developed model and control strategy is conducted using power system simulator Sim-Power System Blockset Matlab/Simulink. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the shunt active filter to load changes, the method of instantaneous power (pq theory) is used to identify harmonic currents. The obtained results show an accurate extraction of harmonic currents and perfect compensation of both reactive power and harmonic currents with a lower THD and in accordance with the IEEE-519 standard.     

A coupled power-voltage equilibrium strategy based on droop control for fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid tramway

In order to improve the robustness of the energy management system (EMS) and avoid the influence of demand power on the design of EMS, a coupled power-voltage equilibrium strategy based on droop control (CPVE-DC) is proposed in this paper. Making use of the principal that the DC bus can directly reflect the changes of load power, the proposed strategy couples DC bus voltage with output powers through droop control to achieve self-equilibrium. The proposed EMS is applied into a hybrid tramway model configured with multiple proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems, batteries and super capacitors (SCs). FC systems and SC systems are responsible for satisfying most of the demand power, therefore the CPVE-DC strategy generates FCs and SCs reference power through power-voltage droop control on the primary control. Then batteries supplement the rest part of load power and generate DC bus voltage reference value of the next sampling time. With the gambling between output power and DC bus voltage, the hybrid system achieves self-equilibrium and steps into steady operation by selecting appropriate droop coefficients. Then the secondary control of the proposed strategy allocates power between every single unit. In addition, a penalty coefficient is introduced to balance SOC of SCs. The proposed strategy is tested under a real drive cycle LF-LRV on RT-LAB platform. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can achieve self-equilibrium and is effective to allocate demand power among these power sources,achieve active control for the range of DC bus voltage and SOC consensus of SCs as well. In addition, some faults are simulated to verify the robustness of the proposed strategy and it turns out that the CPVE-DC strategy possesses higher robustness. Finally, the CPVE-DC strategy is compared with equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) and the results shows that the proposed strategy is able to get higher average efficiency and lower equivalent fuel consumption.     

一种基于超级电容器的光伏系统电压控制方法研究

根据超级电容器储能特点,建立了用于独立光伏发电的超级电容器储能系统模型,设计了超级电容器电压控制环节,提出了一种带有超级电容器电压模糊反馈的双环控制策略,通过对开环系统bode图的分析,论证了控制系统的稳定性和动态性能。仿真结果表明,在光伏发电系统受到光照及负载扰动的情况下,超级电容器储能系统可以有效地稳定光伏系统的输出电压,提高系统供电的可靠性和电能质量,并且抑制了超级电容器端电压大范围波动对该系统的影响,提高了超级电容器的利用率。