Fe2TiAl结构和热力学性质的第一原理计算

采用基于密度泛函的第一原理平面波赝势方法,研究了Fe2TiAl的几何结构、电子结构和热力学性质,结果表明:Fe2TiAl相比TiAl,晶格常数有所增加,Fe加入会增加费米能级处的d电子数,增加面间可动性,从而改善合金塑性;Fe2TiAl在零温和零压下的晶格常数、体弹性模量及弹性常数与实验值符合较好。利用准谐德拜模型,得到了不同温度和不同压强下Fe2TiAl的热容、体弹性模量和德拜温度,发现德拜温度随压强增加而增加,热容随压强增加而减小,高压下温度对Fe2TiAl热膨胀系数的影响小于压强的影响,并成功获得了相对体积、体弹性模量、热膨胀系数与温度和压强之间的变化关系。     

第一性原理研究Re的热力学性质

基于准谐Debye-Grüneisen模型,运用第一性原理缀加投影平面波方法研究了Re的热力学性质,拟合了Re的状态方程,计算了Re不同压强下弹性模量、吉布斯自由能、焓、熵、热容和体膨胀系数随温度的变化关系。结果表明:采用八阶Birch-Murnaghan方程拟合得到的Re压强-体积曲线与实验测量结果吻合较好;计算的零压下吉布斯自由能、焓、熵、热容和体膨胀系数随温度的变化均与实验值符合较好;在零压,50、100、150和200GPa压强下,Re的弹性模量和吉布斯自由能随温度升高而减小;焓、熵随温度升高而增加;Re的电子等容热容随温度线性增加,晶格振动等容热容在低温下符合3T幂次规律并随温度增加而迅速增大,且在高温时逐渐接近Dulong-Petit极限;预测的德拜温度约为430K,与实验结果一致。     

PtZr合金高压下结构与性能的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理的方法针对PtZr合金,计算了在0~80 GPa高压环境下的晶格常数、弹性常数、体模量、剪切模量和电子结构。计算结果发现,PtZr合金的晶格参数,晶胞体积随着压力的增加而线性降低。分析其弹性模量,在高压环境下,PtZr合金的体模量随着压力的增加而线性增大,但剪切模量在0~40 GPa范围内随着压力的增加而增大,当达到40 GPa时出现一个极大值,当压力继续增大时,剪切模量基本趋于稳定。这种弹性模量的变化主要是因为在高压条件下,Pt的5d电子轨道上的电子和Zr的4d电子轨道的电子相互作用增强,形成较强的金属键所致。     

Zr5Si3及Zr3Ti2Si3弹性性质与热学性质

应用基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法计算16H金属硅化物Zr5Si3及Zr3Ti2Si3的基态晶格参数,得出弹性常数、体弹性模量、弹性模量、剪切模量及泊松比等弹性性质.利用弹性常数计算德拜温度、格林奈森常数,并在德拜-格林奈森模型基础上计算这两种金属硅化物的各向异性热膨胀系数,由此得出Zr5Si3的a、c方向各向异性热膨胀系数(高温时)分别为8×10-6和15×10-6,对Zr3Ti2Si3(高温时)分别为11×10-6和13×10-6,与实验基本相符.根据方向体弹性模量、方向弹性模量及重叠布居数讨论两种材料各向异性热膨胀不同的原因.     

第一性原理研究Al-Y合金在压力作用下的晶胞结构、力学性质、热力学性质和电子结构（英文）

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了压力对Al-Y合金的晶胞结构、力学性质、热力学性质和电子结构的影响。结果表明:晶格常数、弹性常数和弹性模量的计算结果与先前理论计算和实验结果相一致;体模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量、泊松比和德拜温度随压力增大而增大,而热熔则随压力的增大而减小;德拜温度按顺序逐步降低;通过Pugh准则(GB)预测出AlY和Al_3Y相是塑性材料,并随压力的增大塑性增加,而Al_2Y相是脆性材料,其脆性并未随压力增大得到改善;最后还分析了压力对AlY、Al_2Y和Al_3Y相的态密度和电荷布局的影响。     

U-Nb合金中夹杂物的纳米压痕表征

采用纳米压痕技术对铸态U-5.5Nb合金中Nb_2C、U(C,N)以及基体力学性能进行了表征,根据获得的硬度值计算了屈服强度和塑性指数。实验结果表明Nb_2C夹杂物的弹性模量和硬度最大,而U(C,N)夹杂物的弹性模量和硬度远小于Nb_2C但明显高于基体;计算结果显示Nb_2C夹杂物屈服强度最高而塑性指数值最小,倾向于发生弹性变形,U(C,N)夹杂物强度低但塑性指数值最大,更容易发生塑性变形并发生破裂。基体多步循环加载获得的弹性模量和硬度值与单次加载基本一致,并且弹性模量值和文献中报道的单向拉伸实验测得的值相符。     

极端不可压缩Re2P的电子结构、化学键及弹性性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的广义梯度近似（GGA）,研究Co2P类型结构的极端不可压缩Re2P的电子结构、化学键和弹性性质。能带结构显示Re2P为金属性材料;态密度和分态密度的计算结果表明,费米能级附近的态密度主要来自Re-5d态;布居分析表明Re2P中的化学键具有以共价性为主的混合离子一共价特征。计算得到Re2P的晶格参数、体模量、剪切模量和单晶的弹性常数,由此导出弹性模量和泊松比。结果表明,Re2P是力学稳定的,且具有一定的脆性。     

Ti2AlC热力学性能的第一性原理研究

利用基于第一性原理计算方法的CASTEP,结合准谐德拜模型对Ti2AlC热力学性能进行研究。通过Burch-Murnaghan拟合E-V曲线,得到Ti2AlC的平衡体积,并计算在常压和不同温度下的标准摩尔生成焓,标准熵,标准摩尔生成吉布斯自由能等热力学数据。     

韧性金属间化合物CeAg的第一性原理计算(英文)

采用第一性原理计算法研究具有B2(CsCl)结构的二元韧性金属间化合物CeAg的结构、力学性能、电子性质以及热力学性能。利用广义梯度近似计算得到的晶格常数为3.713,比自旋密度近似计算的结果更符合实验值。负的形成能表明具有B2结构的CeAg是热力学稳定相。Ce和Ag原子的d能带相互分离导致两者的键合杂化作用较弱,从而阻止具有方向性的共价键形成。计算得到了CeAg的3个独立弹性常数(C11,C12和C44),体模量、剪切模量、弹性模量、各向异性因子以及泊松比分别为57.6GPa、15.8GPa、43.4GPa、3.15和0.374。弹性常数符合所有力学稳定性准则。CeAg的Pugh判据值为3.65,当Pugh判据值大于1.75时,CeAg具有良好的韧性。此外,还计算和讨论了CeAg的体积、体模量、热容和热膨胀系数随温度或者压力的变化规律。     

冷加工和热处理对Nb及Nb合金弹性性能的影响

研究了冷加工和热处理对Nb及两种Nb基弹性合金弹性性能(包括弹性极限、弹性模量以及弹模温度系数)的影响。试验结果表明:(1)Nb—2Mo—2Zr—1Ti单相合金回复态弹性极限较冷轧态及再结晶态的皆高。时效硬化型合金Nb—40Ti—5.5Al,尽管冷轧态弹性极限较低,但经时效处理,弹性极限增加较多,而弹性模量只有少量变化,从而储能比(σ_?~2/E)大大增加(2)强烈冷变形态及再结晶态纯Nb弹性模量随温度变化(E—T)关系皆存在反常升高现象。强烈冷变形态Nb经600℃,4h处理,(回复态),E—T反常关系消失;而再结晶Nb经600℃,4h处理,反常关系不起变化。本文还讨论了无磁性的Nb弹性反常机理。     

Density functional study of the mechanical and phonon properties of Al12X (X = Mo,Tc, Ru,W, Re,and Os) compounds

By means of first principles calculations, we have studied the structural, elastic, and phonon properties of the Al₁₂X (X = Mo, Tc, Ru, W, Re, and Os) compounds in cubic structure. The elastic constants of these compounds are calculated, then bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, Possion's ratio, Debye temperature, hardness, and anisotropy value of polycrystalline aggregates are derived and relevant mechanical properties are compared with the available theoretical ones. Furthermore, the phonon dispersion curves, mode Grüneisen parameters, and thermo-dynamical properties such as free energy, entropy and heat capacity are computed and the obtained results are discussed in detail.     

First-principles investigations on structural,elastic, thermodynamic and electronic properties of Ni3X (X = Al,Ga and Ge) under pressure

The structural, elastic, thermodynamic and electronic properties of L1₂-ordered intermetallic compounds Ni₃X (X = Al, Ga and Ge) under pressure range from 0 to 50 GPa with a step of 10 GPa have been investigated using first-principles method based on density functional theory (DFT). The calculated structural parameters of Ni₃X at zero pressure and zero temperature are consistent with the experimental data. The results of bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E, Poisson's ratio v, anisotropy index A^U and Debye temperature Θ_D increase with the increase of external pressure. In addition, the Debye temperature of these compounds gradually reduce as the order of Ni₃Al > Ni₃Ga > Ni₃Ge. The ratio of shear modulus to bulk modulus G/B shows that the three binary compounds are ductile materials, and the ductility of Ni₃Al and Ni₃Ga can be improved with pressure going up, while Ni₃Ge is opposite. Finally, the pressure-dependent behavior of density of states, Mulliken charge and bond length are analyzed to explore the physical origin of the pressure effect on the structural, elastic and thermodynamic properties of Ni₃X.     

First-principles study of the elastic and thermodynamic properties of HfB2 with AlB2 structure under high pressure

Elastic and thermodynamic properties of HfB₂ with AlB₂ structure under pressure are investigated by means of density functional theory method. The results at zero pressure are in good agreement with available theoretical and experimental values. The pressure dependence of elastic constants, bulk modulus and elastic anisotropy of HfB₂ has been investigated. Through quasi-harmonic Debye model, the variations of the Debye temperature, heat capacity and thermal expansion with pressure and temperature are successfully obtained and discussed.     

First-principle study on structural,elastic and electronic properties of rare-earth intermetallic compounds: TbCu and TbZn

Structural, elastic and electronic properties of TbCu and TbZn have been studied using the full-potential augmented plane waves plus local orbital (APW + lo) within density functional theory (DFT). Results on elastic properties are obtained using both the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for exchange correlation potentials. The equilibrium lattice parameter, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative have been obtained using optimization method. Young’s modulus, shear modulus, Poisson ratio, sound velocities for longitudinal and shear waves, Debye average velocity, Debye temperature and Grüneisen parameters have been calculated. Taking elastic moduli (calculated from first-principle approach) as reference values at 0 K, temperature variation of elastic moduli has also been calculated using electrostatic and Born repulsive potentials and taking interactions up to next nearest neighbours. Calculated structural, elastic and other parameters are consistent with available data. From electronic calculations, it has been found that electronic conductivity in TbCu and TbZn is attributed to 3d-orbital electrons of Cu and Zn.     

RhZr2电子结构和弹性性质的第一性原理

通过基于密度泛函理论(Density Functional Theory,DFT)的第一性原理(First Principles),分别应用广义梯度近似(GGA)和局域密度近似(LDA)平面波超软赝势法,计算四方晶相RhZr2基态的电子结构和弹性系数矩阵。对四方晶相结构的RhZr2进行几何优化,对其能带结构、总态密度和分态密度以及差分电荷密度进行研究,并计算RhZr2晶体的原胞总能量与形成焓。计算得到RhZr2的弹性系数C11、C12、C13、C33、C44、C66分别为195.38、176.80、109.00、235.65、11.12、24.51GPa,体积模量为156.92(±2.22)GPa,在[100]、[010]和[001]方向上的杨氏模量分别为34.77、34.77、171.80GPa,切变模量Gxy、Gzx、Gzy分别为24.79、14.57、19.68GPa。     

Phase transition,thermodynamic and elastic properties of ZrC

First principles calculation and quasi-harmonic Debye model were used to obtain more physical properties of zirconium carbide under high temperature and high pressure. The results show that the B1 structure of ZrC is energetically more favorable with lower heat of formation than the B2 structure, and that mechanical instability and positive heat of formation induce the inexistence of the B2 structure at normal pressure. It is also found that the B1 structure would transform to the B2 structure under high pressure below the critical point of V/V₀=0.570. In addition, various thermodynamic and elastic properties of ZrC are obtained within the temperature range of 0–3000 K and the pressure range of 0–100 GPa. The calculated results not only are discussed and understood in terms of electronic structures, but also agree well with corresponding experimental data in the literature.     

First-principles density functional calculations of physical properties of orthorhombic Au2Al crystal

The study attempts to perform a systematical investigation of the thermodynamic, mechanical and electronic properties of orthorhombic Au₂Al crystal by using first-principles calculations incorporated with a quasi-harmonic Debye model. In addition, their temperature, hydrostatic pressure and direction dependences are also addressed. The investigation begins with evaluation of the equilibrated lattice constants and elastic constants of Au₂Al single crystal. Next, the mechanical features of the single crystal, such as ductile-brittle characteristic and elastic anisotropy, are assessed based on the Cauchy pressures, shear anisotropy factors and directional Young's modulus. Alternatively, the pressure-dependence of polycrystalline mechanical properties of Au₂Al, including bulk, shear and Young's moduli, and ductility, brittleness and microhardness characteristics are also estimated. Furthermore, the study also characterizes the temperature-dependence of thermodynamic properties of Au₂Al single crystal, namely, Debye temperature and heat capacity. At last, electronic characteristic analysis is carried out to predict the electronic band structures and density of states profiles of the crystal.The calculation results indicate that Au₂Al crystal is an elastically anisotropic material at zero pressure and a highly ductile material with low stiffness. In addition, the Young's moduli of the crystal would be markedly enhanced with the increase of the hydrostatic pressure. It is also found that the heat capacity of Au₂Al at low temperature strictly sticks to the Debye T³ law.     

Structural,electronic, elastic,mechanical and thermal behavior of RESn3(RE = Y,La and Ce) compounds: A first principles study

The structural, electronic, elastic, mechanical and thermal properties of the isostructural and isoelectronic nonmagnetic RESn₃ (RE = Y, La and Ce) compounds, which crystallize in AuCu₃-type structure, are studied using first principles density functional theory based on full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The calculations are carried out within PBE-GGA, WC-GGA and PBE-sol GGA for the exchange correlation potential. Our calculated ground state properties such as lattice constant (a₀), bulk modulus (B) and its pressure derivative (B′) are in good agreement with the experimental and other available theoretical results. We first time predict the elastic constants for these compounds using different approximations of GGA. All these RESn₃ compounds are found to be ductile in nature in accordance with Pugh's criteria. The computed electronic band structures and density of states show metallic character of these compounds. The elastic properties including Poisson's ratio (σ), Young's modulus (E), shear modulus (G_H) and anisotropy factor (A) are also determined using the Voigt–Reuss–Hill (VRH) averaging scheme. The average sound velocities (v_m), density (ρ) and Debye temperature (θ_D) of these RESn₃ compounds are also estimated from the elastic constants. We first time report the variation of elastic constants, elastic moduli, Cauchy's pressure, sound velocities and Debye temperatures of these compounds as a function of pressure.     

Predictions of high-pressure structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of α-Si3N4

The plane-wave pseudo-potential method within the framework of first-principles technique is used to investigate the fundamental structural properties of Si3N4 . The calculated ground-state parameters agree quite well with the experimental data. Our calculation reveals that α-Si3N4 can retain its stability to at least 45 GPa when compressed below 300 K. No phase transition can be seen in the pressure range of 0-45 GPa and the temperature range of 0-300 K. Actually, the α→β transition occurs at 1600 K and 7.98 GPa. Many thermodynamic properties, such as bulk modulus, heat capacity, thermal expansion, Gru¨neisen parameter and Debye temperature of α-Si3N4 were determined at various temperatures and pressures. Significant differences in these properties were observed at high temperature and high pressure. The calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental data and previous theoretical values. Therefore, our results may provide useful information for theoretical and experimental investigations of the N-based hard materials like α-Si3N4.