Nd:Gd_xY_(1-x)Ca_4O(BO_3)_3晶体的生长及其光谱性能研究

利用熔体提拉法生长了大尺寸,高质量的新型激光自信频晶体Ｎｄ：ＧｄｘＹ１－ｘＣａ４Ｏ（ＢＯ３）３简称Ｎｄ：ＧｄＹＣＯＢ）．对Ｎｄ：ＧｄＹＣＯＢ晶体的ＸＲＤ衍射图进行指标化,得到它的晶胞参数为α＝８．０８０Ａ; ｂ＝１６．０１６Ａ; ｃ＝３．５３８Ａ; β＝１０１．１８°;μ＝４９１．１Ａ３．对取自不同部位的晶体粉末进行ＩＣＰ原子发射光谱分析表明晶体整体组份均匀一致,根据熔体和晶体粉末的ＩＣＰ数据计算,Ｎｄ：ＧｄＹＣＯＢ晶体中Ｎｄ３＋的分凝系数为０．６３．首次报道了 Ｎｄ：ＧｄＹＣＯＢ晶体２００～３０００ｎｍ室温透过光谱和室温荧光光谱及荧光寿命．室温透过光谱表明Ｎｄ：ＧｄＹＣＯＢ晶体的紫外吸收边在～２２０ｎｍ,具有很宽的透光波段（～２２０～２７００ｎｍ）; Ｎｄ：ＧｄＹＣＯＢ晶体在８００ｎｍ附近存在很强的吸收,适合于ＬＤ泵浦．荧光光谱表明Ｎｄ：ＧｄＹＣＯＢ晶体是一种很有潜力的ＲＧＢ（ｒｅｄ;ｇｒｅｅｎ, ｂｌｕｅ）激光自信频晶体．掺杂 ４％、 ５％ Ｎｄ：ＧｄＹＣＯＢ晶体的荧光寿命分别为 １０５μｓ和１００μｓ．     

激光／磁光复合功能晶体－Nd：Bi_4Ge_3O_（12）

随着半导体二极管激光泵浦技术的发展，掺钕锗酸铋（Ｂｉ４Ｇｅ３Ｏ（１２））晶体重新成为一种引人注目的激光材料．本文给出Ｎｄ：ＢＧＱ在８００ｎｍ附近的光吸收和激发谱，以及１０６μｍ波段的受激发射性能．并首次测得它在１．０６μｍ处室温Ｖｅｒｄｅｔ常数为０．０３３’／ｃｍ·Ｇｓ．比ＦＲ－４磁光玻璃高２７％，这意味着，Ｎｄ：ＢＧＯ已成为目前唯一的激光／磁光复合功能材料．本文讨论了Ｎｄ：ＢＧＯ中各类缺陷的形成机制及消除办法，通过改进工艺参数，生长出光学性质优良、Ｎｄ２Ｏ３掺入量达到１．５Ｗｔ％的晶体．利用其自身的磁光效应，研制成二极管激光泵浦、自调ＱＮｄ：ＢＧＯ激光器，获得１００ｎｓ的稳定脉冲输出．     

二磷酸钕钾晶体的生长与光谱

Ｋ３Ｎｄ（ＰＯ４）２晶体是一种高稀土浓度的激光晶体．本文报道从ＫＦ－ＫＣｌ体系中采用助熔剂法培养出Ｋ３Ｎｄ（ＰＯ４）２晶体．该晶体呈淡紫红色，属单斜晶系，Ｐ２_１／ｍ空间群，晶胞参数为ａ＝９．５３４　，ｂ＝５．６２９　，ｃ＝７．４４３　，β＝９０．９６°．测定了晶体室温下的吸收光谱、荧光光谱、激发光谱和红外光谱．     

文摘

文摘１３，５－二硝基苯甲酸与３，５－二硝基苯甲酸铝盐的分解热研究（英文）Ｃ９２３３１９０３ＲＥＤＤＹＧＯ，ＲＡＶＩＫＵＭＡＲＫＳ（ＩＤＬＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓＬｔｄ，Ｂａｎｇａｌｏｒｅ，ＩＮＤ）：Ｅ０３５０ＣＴｈｅｒｍｏｃｈｉｍＡｃｔａ（ＮＬＤ）１９８（...     

镍基合金上离子束辅助沉积双轴取向的YSZ膜—YBCO超导膜缓冲层

用双离子束辅助沉积（ＩｏｎＢｅａｍＡｓｉｓｔｅｄＤｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ，ＩＢＡＤ）方法在Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ合金上合成了具有（００ｌ）择优取向，平面双轴排列的ＹＳＺ膜（Ｙ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２）作为ＹＢＣＯ超导膜缓冲层。辅助轰击离子束方向与衬底法线的夹角５４０左右时可获得最佳的（００ｌ）择优效果。８０００Ｃ高温退火后其结构有较大的改善。在其上用ＭＯＣＶＤ方法生长的ＹＢＣＯ膜的Ｔｃ＝８８Ｋ，Ｊｃ＝１０×１０４Ａ／ｃｍ２（０Ｔ，７７Ｋ），并且从Φ扫描的结果说明了ＹＳＺ缓冲层上ＹＢＣＯ膜的生长机制。     

新型非线性光学晶体 Ca4RO(BO3)3的研究进展

作为新型非线性光学材料,钙－稀土硼酸盐晶体Ｃａ４ＲＯ（ＢＯ３）３（Ｒ－Ｌａ３＋、Ｎｄ３＋、Ｓｍ３＋Ｇｄ３＋Ｙ３＋Ｅｒ３＋、Ｔｂ３＋、Ｌｕ３ ）近来引起了广泛的重视．该系列晶体属非中心对称的单斜晶系,空间群Ｃｍ．本文综述了上述晶体的结构和生长研究的进展。总结了晶体的线性光学／非线性光学性能以及掺杂晶体的激光自倍频性能,指出这些晶体在非线性光学领域潜在的应用前景．     

氧离子束辅助激光制备具有组构的YBCO薄膜

应用氧离子束辅助准分子脉冲激光沉积薄膜技术,先在ＮｉＣｒ合金（Ｈａｓｔｅｌｌｏｙ ｃ－２７５）基底上在室温下淀积具有平面织构的钇稳锆（ＹＳＺ） 缓冲层薄膜,再在 ＹＳＺ／ＮｉＣｒ基底上在 ７５０℃下制备具有平面织构和高临界电流密度的 ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－Ｘ（ＹＢＣＯ）薄膜、 ＹＳＺ和 ＹＢＣＯ薄膜都为 ｃ－轴取向和平面织构的, ＹＳＺ（２０２）和 ＹＢＣＯ（１０３）的 Ｘ射线扫描衍射峰的全宽半峰值分别为 １８＇和 １１＇．ＹＢＣＯ薄膜的临界温度和临界电流密度分别为 ９０Ｋ（Ｒ＝０）和 ７．９ｘ１０５Ａ／ｃｍ２（７７Ｋ,零磁场）．     

在Ag基体上用MOCVD法连续制备YBCO超导带

用ＭＯＣＶＤ法在Ａｇ基体上以－１５ｃｍ／ｈ的带速连续制备ＹＢＣＯ超导带，在８００－８５０℃之间沉积的样品均呈强裂ｃ－轴取向；而在７５０－８００℃间，ｃ－轴取向明显减弱，前者为不规则排列的大片状晶结构，而后者为不规则排列的小棒状晶和发育不育的片状晶，或者为小粒状晶集，所制亲品的Ｊｃ（７８Ｋ，ｏ）一般在０．５－１×１０＾４Ａ／ｃｍ＾２之间，最好的达到１．４×１０＾４Ａ／ｃｍ＾２。     

LD泵浦Nd：YVO4内腔倍频激光器获得120mW绿光连续输出

利用半导体激光器（ＬＤ）端面泵浦Ｎｄ：ＹＶＯ＿４和用ＫＴＰ内腔倍频的绿激光器获得了１２０ｍＷ连续、稳定的５３２ｎｍ绿激光输出。泵浦阈值Ｐ＿（ｔｈ）＝１６０ｍＷ，光－光转换效率η＿ｓ＝８．１％。换用激光腔输出耦合镜，在不加ＫＴＰ晶体倍频时，可连续输出１．０６μｍ的红外激光，输出功率为４５０ｍＷ，光－光转换效率为３１％。     

新型非线性光学晶体Ca4RO(BO3)3的研究进展

作为新型非线性光学材料,钙－稀土硼酸盐晶体Ｃａ４ＲＯ（ＢＯ３）３（Ｒ－Ｌａ＾３＋、Ｎｄ＾３＋、Ｓｍ＾３＋、Ｇｄ＾３＋、Ｙ＾３＋、Ｅｒ＾３＋、Ｔｂ＾３＋、Ｌｕ＾３＋）近来引起了广泛的重视,该系列晶体属非中心对称的单斜晶系,空间群Ｃｍ。本文综术字上述晶体的结构和生长研究的进展,总结了晶体的线性光学／非线性光学性能以及要晶体的激光自倍频性能,指出这些晶体在非线性光学领域潜在的应用前景。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.