上海地区建筑节能分析

利用分析软件DOE-2分别对外墙保温、屋面保温及窗墙面积比进行了能耗模拟分析,提出合理的选择范围并介绍了上海地区天然冷热源利用的设备和空调方案及其可利用的节能空调方案。     

星级酒店空调冷热源的选择与评估

分析了北京市的空调能耗现状,以北京大兴区某星级酒店为例,提出了3种颇具代表性的冷热源方案,对各方案的全年能耗、初投资、年运行费用等技术经济指标进行了计算比较,并且进行了一次能源利用率分析、经济性评价。根据以上因素,进行综合对比分析,选取出最优方案。     

医院空调冷热源系统能耗及经济性分析

医院建筑是进行疾病诊断及治疗活动的场所,人员集中性较大且包含一些特殊功能区域。因此,医院建筑对空调系统的要求比一般办公性建筑高,其必须对整个医院提供稳定可靠的能源供应,保证医院正常医疗活动。目前,我国医院建筑的空调能耗能占整个建筑能耗的50%以上,空调节能势在必行。面对新一轮大规模医院建设,需要在设计之初就考虑空调系统节能策略,尤其在空调冷热源的选择时不仅要满足实际需求,同时还需要符合国家节能减排低碳的生态文明原则。以江苏地区某一新建医院为例,针对2种冷热源选型方案,从投资、运行能耗及费用进行了经济性比较分析,得到了适合该医院的最佳方案,对以后此类项目的设计施工提供一定借鉴意义。     

板管蒸发式冷凝冷热水机组在某办公综合楼空调冷热源选型的应用

中央空调能耗在建筑能耗中占很大比例,如何节能是中央空调选型及运行中需要考虑的问题。比较常规中央空调冷热源设备的优缺点,对某办公综合楼风冷热泵机组与板管蒸发冷凝式冷热水机组两种方案进行分析对比,得出采用较高能效的板管蒸发式冷凝冷热水机组虽然初投资有所增加,但能耗降低,总体运行费用降低辐度较大。     

某住宅区冷热源型式的分析与比较

本文针对某住宅区设置集中式空调系统的要求,对风冷热泵冷热水机组、水冷螺杆式冷水机组＋燃油锅炉、由热电厂余热蒸汽驱动的蒸汽双效溴化锂吸收式冷水机组＋热交换器和燃气直燃型溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组等四种冷热源方案作了能耗和经济性比较,认为利用热电厂余热蒸汽为能耗的方案是最适合该住宅楼的空调方案。     

上海市某商业办公楼空调冷热源系统的节能改造

既有公共建筑因其使用年限较长,存在因用能系统的设备老化、能源管理不够精细和能耗指标居高不下等问题。基于建筑现有的状况进行能耗分析,从改造方案、改造效果及意义等方面介绍上海市某商业办公楼空调冷热源系统的节能改造情况,解决了原有空调系统的高能耗、低效老化、控制系统功能不足等问题。项目采用合同能源管理模式的实施,解决了业主的资金难题,改造后系统运行良好、节能效果明显,具有显著的示范效应,对同类型既有办公建筑空调冷热源的改造具有借鉴意义。     

武汉市某酒店节能型空调冷热源方案的选择

根据现有能源结构,结合武汉某宾馆空调冷热源方案的选择,对螺杆式冷水机组加燃气锅炉、螺杆式冷水机组加蓄热式电热锅炉、水源热泵机组3种类型的冷热源方案进行了技术、经济性比较和分析。结果显示:螺杆式冷水机组加燃气锅炉方案初投资最低、运行费用较少,是该酒店最合适的节能型冷热源。     

大型分散式商业空调系统方案模拟优化研究

本文为解决传统集中型冷热源系统不利于低楼层、低密度商业建筑群进行空调末端灵活调控及租户主动节能的问题,以成都某大型分散商业项目为例,对建筑特征及常规分散冷源系统特点进行分析,基于水环热泵系统提出适宜建议方案(夏季空调为分散冷源,冬季供热为集中热源);对不同租户运行模式进行运行能耗模拟分析后发现,建议方案比集中冷热源方案节能20%～30%甚至更多。该建议方案适应不同租户需求、运行能耗较低、计量方便,非常适用于此类建筑形式。     

南京某军事学院综合楼空调系统冷热源方案比较

以南京某军事学院综合楼空调项目为工程实例，对冰蓄冷十电锅炉、电制冷十电锅炉、地源热泵、空气源热泵等不同冷热源方案的初投资和年能源消耗量进行分析比较，得出最佳方案。     

某行政办公楼空调冷热源方案的选择及经济性分析

通过对办公楼集中空调系统冷热源，就电、蒸气、燃煤、轻油中源，分别在初投资、运行费用以及维护管理和环境等方面进行详细的分析和比较，提出在热电厂供热范围内，采用溴化锂栅组＋换热器作为建筑集中空调的冷热源，具有较大的优越性。     

纺织行业空调机热平衡测试方法

在纺织行业,生产车间的温度及湿度是靠空调机组来调节的。对空调机进行热平衡测算,可以清楚的了解空调机的加热能力、热效率及耗能状况,为节能改造提供可靠数据。     

回收空调制冷设备凝结水的节能研究

在整体式空调机组、冷冻去湿机组、制冷机组等设备中 ,广泛采用表面式空气冷却器对空气进行冷却去湿处理 ,从而会产生一定数量的温度较低的凝结水 ,若将其直接排放 ,不仅浪费能源 ,而且造成环境污染。本文将对凝结水的回收进行能量分析 ,为回收凝结水的设计计算提供理论依据 ,并分析节能的主要影响因素 ,最后得出结论     

Design and construction of a residential solar heating and cooling system

The first integrated system providing heating and cooling to a building by use of solar energy has been designed and installed in a residential-type building at Colorado State University. Solar heated liquid supplies heat to air circulating in the building and to a lithium bromide absorption air conditioner. Service hot water is also provided. Approximately two-thirds of the heating and cooling loads are expected to be met by solar energy, the balance by natural gas. The paper contains details of design and principles of operation. A breakdown of actual costs of the equipment and its installation is also provided.     

Path Analysis of Energy-Saving Technology in Yangtze River Basin Based on Multi-Objective and Multi-Parameter Optimisation

The Yangtze River Basin in China is characterised by hot-and cold-humid climates in summer and winter, respectively. Thus, increased demand for heating and cooling energy according to the season, as well as poor indoor thermal comfort, are inevitable. To overcome this problem, this study focused on the influence of passive design and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment performance on the energy performance of residential buildings, and explored potential energy-saving technology paths involving passive design and improved coefficient of performance through a multi-objective and multi-parameter optimisation technique. A large-scale questionnaire survey covering a typical city was first conducted to identify family lifestyle patterns regarding time spent at home, family type, air conditioner use habits, indoor thermal comfort, etc. Then, the actual heating and cooling energy consumption and information of model building were determined for this region. Subsequently, the design parameters of an individual building were simulated using Energyplus to investigate the cooling and heating energy consumption for a typical residential building with an air conditioner. The results indicated an improvement of approximately 30% in energy efficiency through optimisation of the external-wall insulation thickness and the external-window and shading performance, and through use of appropriate ventilation technology. Thus, a multi-objective and multi-parameter optimisation model was developed to achieve comprehensive optimisation of several design parameters. Experimental results showed that comprehensive optimisation could not only reduce cooling and heating energy consumption, but also improve the thermal comfort level achieved with a non-artificial cooling and heating source. Finally, three energy-saving technology paths were formulated to achieve a balance between indoor thermal comfort improvement and the target energy efficiency(20 kWh/(m2?a)). The findings of this study have implications for the future design of buildings in the Yangtze River Basin, and for modification of existing buildings for improved energy efficiency.     

天然气在城市供热中的合理利用

简要分析了燃气锅炉采暖和空调采暖的能源利用效率,以及对社会投资的成本分析,给出了对两种采暖方案的比较结果。     

地源热泵技术在住宅中的综合应用

介绍了青岛某别墅的空调和热水供应系统的方案设计.设计方案把地源热泵技术用于住宅的空气调节、卫生热水供应和游泳池补水供水,还采用了辐射供暖与辐射供冷等节能新技术.文章详细介绍了系统流程、特点、工作原理和设计参数的选取等.     

Thermal storage in an air conditioning system with dual energy storage unit

在自行搭建的双蓄能实验平台上进行了制冷兼蓄热实验研究,对比了制冷兼蓄热模式和一般制冷模式,探讨了不同冷冻水流量和不同风机盘管风量对机组性能的影响.实验结果表明:蓄热对机组制冷端的影响很小,但是由于回收了大量的冷凝热,使得机组的综合能效比得到大幅提高,因此蓄热对空调节能具有较大作用.此外,在制冷兼蓄热模式下,冷冻水流量或风机盘管风量越大,机组的综合能效比越大,当风量为1033 m³/h,冷冻水流量为972 L/h时,机组综合能效比高达7.06.     

Highly reflective coatings for interior and exterior steel cladding and the energy efficiency of buildings

The effect of surface heat-radiation properties of coil-coated steel cladding material on the energy efficiency of buildings in Nordic climate is addressed by parallel temperature and energy usage measurements in a series of test cabins with different exterior solar reflectivity and interior thermal reflectivity. During one year, a number of one- or two-week experiments with air conditioner cooling and electrical floor heating were made while logging air-, radiation- and surface temperatures, energy consumption and weather conditions. Measurements show significant energy savings in the test cabins by the use of high thermal reflectivity interior surfaces both during heating and cooling and a strongly reduced cooling demand by the use of high solar reflectivity exterior surfaces. Results are interpreted within the context of a steady-state energy flux model, to illuminate the importance of surface resistance properties (radiation and convective heat dissipation).     

Optimal control and performance test of solar-assisted cooling system

The solar-assisted cooling system (SACH) was developed in the present study. The ejector cooling system (ECS) is driven by solar heat and connected in parallel with an inverter-type air conditioner (A/C). The cooling load can be supplied by the ECS when solar energy is available and the input power of the A/C can be reduced. In variable weather, the ECS will probably operate at off-design condition of ejector and the cooling capability of the ECS can be lost completely. In order to make the ejector operate at critical or non-critical double-choking condition to obtain a better performance, an electronic expansion valve was installed in the suction line of the ejector to regulate the opening of the expansion valve to control the evaporator temperature. This will make the SACH always produce cooling effect even at lower solar radiation periods while the ejector performs at off-design conditions. The energy saving of A/C is experimentally shown 50–70% due to the cooling performance of ECS. The long-term performance test results show that the daily energy saving is around 30–70% as compared to the energy consumption of A/C alone (without solar-driven ECS). The total energy saving of A/C is 52% over the entire test period.     

玻璃幕墙传热系数对中央空调能耗的影响

本文讨论了玻璃幕墙传热系数对中央空调冷／热负荷的影响，测量和计算了不同传热系数的节能量、运行费用。结果表明，改善围护结构保温隔热性能是实现空调系统节能、经济运行和保护环境的有效途径之一。