Three-dimensional holographic disks

We describe optical disks that store data holographically in three dimensions by using either angle multiplexing or wavelength multiplexing. Data are stored and retrieved in parallel blocks or pages, and each page consists of approximately 10(6) bits. The storage capacity of such disks is derived as a function of disk thickness, pixel size, page size, and scanning parameters. The optimum storage density is approximately 120 bits/μm(2).     

QR码直接扩容技术

目的针对黑白QR码信息嵌入能力不足以及大容量信息存储的需求,提出一种QR码直接扩容技术。方法黑白QR码只有2种颜色的编码模块,每个编码模块存储1比特数据;彩色QR码拥有2n种颜色的编码模块,每个编码模块存储n比特数据,使QR码存储容量直接扩增n倍。基于HSV颜色空间模型,采用三元组配色模型进行编码模块的配色,以降低彩色编码模块间的混叠效应。采用图像对比度增强和K-Means聚类算法处理彩色编码模块的颜色偏离。结果通过对拥有16种颜色编码模块的彩色QR码数据存储性能进行分析可知,存储相同容量的数据信息,彩色QR码比黑白QR码的版本更低,QR码符号更小,实现了QR码存储容量的直接扩增。结论采用QR码直接扩容技术可实现存储容量的倍数扩增;采用K-Means聚类算法可大幅度降低彩色QR码编码模块之间的混叠效应,显著提高彩色QR码译码的正确率。     

影响光存储介质信息存储质量的因素暨提高光存储介质信息存储质量的方法

本文从盘片质量、刻录设备、使用和保管方法等几个方面对影响常用光存储介质（CD、DVD）信息存储质量的因素进行阐述;通过针对性研究、实验,初步形成提高光存储介质信息存储质量的有效方法和光存储介质的保管方法。     

The passive optical properties of a silicon nanoparticle-embedded benzocyclobutene polymer waveguide

The passive optical properties of a silicon nanoparticle-embedded benzocyclobutene (BCB) waveguide were investigated. The silicon nanoparticles, of a size varying from 6 to 25?nm, were prepared by vapor condensation. The transmission modes and losses were examined by the prism coupler and cut-back methods. A He-Ne laser beam with a wavelength of 6328?? was used to measure the effective index and thickness of the waveguide. Laser light could be efficiently coupled into the BCB waveguide when the embedded Si nanoparticles were smaller than 6?nm. The film thickness and effective index of the Si-embedded BCB waveguide were measured to be 1.825?μm and 1.565, respectively. The optical transmission losses of the pure BCB and Si-embedded ridge waveguides measured by the cut-back method were 0.85 and 1.63?dB?cm(-1), respectively. Although the optical loss was increased by the embedded Si, the disturbance of the output contour was quite small. This result demonstrates that the nanoparticle-embedded polymer waveguide may be used for optoelectronic integrated circuits.     

Subwavelength-resolvable focused non-gaussian beam shaped with a binary diffractive optical element.

The diffraction-limited spot size limits the optical disk storage capacity and microscopic resolution. We describe a technique to shape a focused Gaussian beam into a superresolving beam by using a diffractive optical element fabricated by laser-assisted chemical etching. The focused shaped beam has a smaller width and a longer depth of focus than a similarly focused Gaussian beam. Using the diffraction-limited shaped beam along with threshold writing, we achieved a written pit size of less than 0.33 mum at a 695-nm laser wavelength, compared with a 0.7-mum focused Gaussian spot size (full width at e(-2) of the peak) with the same focusing lens. The energy conversion efficiency for the beam shaping was ~81%.     

Performance of a write-once multilayer optical disk that uses transparent recording material with an optical switching layer

A volumetric optical disk that has multiple transparent films with optical switching layers is used as a recording medium to increase the number of recording layers. In the disk the optical switching layer is adapted to reduce decay of laser energy and increase reading and recording sensitivity. Well-defined marks of approximately 100-nm depth can be placed precisely on the transparent films by a focused laser beam. Writing and reading of a four-layer recordable disk, fabricated by molding and spin bonding, have been demonstrated experimentally. The volumetric disk can achieve a high recording capacity with conventional optical pickups.     

三色碳点荧光防伪油墨的制备与性能研究

目的 通过优化碳点合成方法和油墨配方,制备一种具有优良防伪效果和印刷适性的环保丝网印刷油墨。方法 以邻苯二胺为碳源,水或乙醇为溶剂,采用溶剂(水)热法制备红色和黄色碳点。以柠檬酸钠和碳酸氢铵为碳源和氮源制备蓝色碳点,并对三色碳点的结构组成和光学性质进行表征和分析。以三色碳点作为荧光颜料,选择乙醇或水作为溶剂,水性环氧树脂或聚丙烯酸树脂作为连接料,通过实验获得最佳配比,制备三色荧光防伪油墨。结果 三色碳点均具有较为均匀的尺寸,在365 nm紫外光激发下分别发射725 nm的红色荧光、450 nm的蓝色荧光和570 nm的黄色荧光,且rCDs、bCDs和yCDs的荧光量子产率分别为56.63%、64.37%和78.26%。通过对pH、细度、黏度等性能测试,该荧光防伪油墨各项印刷适性指标良好。结论 通过优化碳点合成方法可控调节荧光发射光谱,制备出具有较宽的紫外吸收带、较窄的发射光谱带、荧光量子产率高的三色碳点。以此碳点作为荧光颜料可以制备出印刷适性良好的水性油墨,满足荧光防伪印刷的要求。     

Development of a TES Microcalorimeter with a Mushroom Shaped Absorber Deposited on an Insulating Layer in an Overhang Region

A 3×3+1 superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter-array has been developed for the energy dispersive spectrometer performed on a transmission electron microscope. For increasing sensitive area, each TES microcalorimeter consisted of a Ti/Au bilayer and a mushroom shaped absorber. The mushroom shaped absorber is made from a Au layer of 0.5?μm thick. Geometrical dimensions of the surface area of the TES and the absorber are 350?μm×350?μm and 330?μm×330?μm, respectively. The absorber stem of 150?μm×150?μm in the cross sectional area is deposited on the center of the TES surface. A Ta₂O₅ insulating layer of 0.1?μm thick is inserted between the overhang layer of the absorber and the TES surface. One pixel of the TES microcalorimeter was operated for detecting X-ray photons emitted from an ⁵⁵Fe source.     

Intensity, polarization, and phase information in optical disk systems

Digital information in optical data storage systems can be encoded in the intensity, in the polarization state, or in the phase of a carrier laser beam. Intensity modulation is achieved at the surface of the storage medium either through destructive interference from surface-relief features (e.g., CD or DVD pits) or through reflectivity variations (e.g., alteration of optical constants of phase-change media). Magneto-optical materials make use of the polar magneto-optical Kerr effect to produce polarization modulations of the focused beam reflected from the storage medium. Both surface-relief structures and material-property variations can create, at the exit pupil of the objective lens of the optical pickup, a phase modulation (this, in addition to any intensity or polarization modulation or both). Current optical data storage systems do not make use of this phase information, whose recovery could potentially increase the strength of the readout signal. We show how all three mechanisms can be exploited in a scanning optical microscope to reconstruct the recorded (or embedded) data patterns on various types of optical disk.     

Optical readout for optical storage with phase jump

A novel, to our knowledge, optical readout for optical storage with phase jump is presented. In the readout scheme two coherent laser beams are focused on an optical disk with one beam scanning along pits and the other along land. When the probe beam scans across a pit, two phase jumps will take place in the interference resultant of the two beams if the phase difference between two beams is prefixed at pi, resulting in a phase pulse of 180 deg. The slopes of rising and falling edges of the phase pulse are infinite, and they are not affected by the intensity variation of the light source, stray light, and the vibration of the disk. Therefore this phase pulse can be used to read out the information on an optical disk. The use of phase jump will improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the readout signal and enhance the density of optical storage. An optical readout with phase jump was constructed. Both the theoretical design and the experimental verification are conducted. Experimental results show that the proposed optical readout is feasible.     

High Density Direct Read after Write (DRAW) Recording

Burning holes into a thin layer of bismuth film is the basis for the development of a large capacity store for DRAW operation (2 × 10¹⁰ bits). In 600 Å bismuth films deposited on a rotating disc, storage is achieved at a data rate of 1 Mbit/s using a He-Ne laser source. Reading the record in transmission, an optical contrast ratio of 2–3 was observed. Storage densities close to 10⁸ bits/cm² are achievable.     

Nonlinear signal-processing model for scalar diffraction in optical recording

A nonlinear signal-processing model is derived for the optical recording channel based on scalar diffraction theory. In this model, the signal waveform is written in closed form as an explicit function of the channel bits that are stored on an optical disk, thereby comprising both linear and nonlinear terms. Its explicit dependence on the channel bits makes this model well suited for signal-processing purposes. With the model it is also convenient to assess the importance of nonlinear contributions to the signal waveform. The model is applied for one-dimensional optical storage as well as for two-dimensional (2D) optical storage in which bits are arranged on a 2D hexagonal lattice. Signal folding is addressed as a typical nonlinear issue in 2D optical storage and can be eliminated by recording of pit marks of sizes considerably smaller than the size of the hexagonal bit cell. Further simplifications of the model with only a limited number of channel parameters are also derived.     

Fiber-optic transmission of stretched pulses from a Q-switched ruby laser

Fiber-optic transmission of Q-switched ruby laser pulses is limited by fiber damage owing to the high laser-beam intensities. Pulse stretching with a semiconductor-based control circuit for the Pockels cell of the ruby laser to reduce the peak intensities is described. Pulses with durations from 200 ns to 1 μs and a coherence length of ~3 m were generated. These pulses were coupled into multimode optical fibers to investigate the transmission characteristics and the limits of transmittable pulse energies. Stretched pulses can be transmitted in quartz fibers with a 600-μm core diameter to pulse energies of 300 mJ, which is an increase by a factor of 4 compared with standard Q-switched pulses. It is expected that beam guiding of ruby laser pulses by fiber optics will significantly facilitate the use of holographic interferometry in technical applications such as vibration analysis.     

Synthesis of carbon nanotube-TiO(2) nanotubular material for reversible hydrogen storage

A material consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and larger titania (TiO(2)) nanotube arrays has been produced and found to be efficient for reversible hydrogen (H(2)) storage. The TiO(2) nanotube arrays (diameter ～60?nm and length ～2-3?μm) are grown on a Ti substrate, and?MWCNTs a few μm in length and ～30-60?nm in diameter are grown inside these TiO(2) nanotubes using chemical vapor deposition with cobalt as a catalyst. The resulting material has been used in H(2) storage experiments based on a volumetric method using the pressure, composition, and temperature relationship of the storage media. This material can store up to 2.5?wt% of H(2) at 77?K under 25?bar with more than 90% reversibility.     

光学信息工程中的材料问题

本文评述了光学信息工程中的材料问题,重点在光通讯、光存储和光计算中的材料。讨论和分析了各种红外光导纤维的制备和性质,为超长距离光通讯建议用氟化物玻璃纤维。为光学数据存储推荐了光盘存储技术,较详细地讨论了烧蚀、相变、态变和磁光型四类光存储介质材料。对于光计算,介绍了光学空间调制器、光学双稳态和集成光学元件和材料。     

Two-dimensional array self-assembled quantum dot sub-diffraction waveguides with low loss and low crosstalk

We model and demonstrate the behavior of two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled quantum dot (QD) sub-diffraction waveguides. By pumping the gain-enabled semiconductor nanoparticles and introducing a signal light, energy coupling of stimulated photons from the QDs enables light transmission along the waveguide. Monte Carlo simulation with randomized inter-dot separation reveals that the optical gain necessary for unity transfer is 3.1 × 10(7)?m(-1) for a 2D (2?μm length by 500?nm width) array compared to 11.6 × 10(7)?m(-1) for a 1D (2?μm length) given 8?nm diameter quantum dots. The theoretical results are borne out in experiments on 2D arrays by measurement of negligible crosstalk component with as little as 200?nm waveguide separation and is indicative of near-field optical coupling behavior. The transmission loss for 500?nm wide structures is determined to be close to 3?dB/4?μm, whereas that for 100?nm width is 3?dB/2.3?μm. Accordingly, higher pump power and gain would be necessary on the narrower device to create similar throughput. Considering existing nanoscale propagation methods, which commonly use negative dielectric materials, our waveguide shows an improved loss characteristic with comparable or smaller dimensions. Thus, the application of QDs to nanophotonic waveguiding represents a promising path towards ultra-high density photonic integrated circuits.     

Measurement of the relative optical phase between amorphous and crystalline regions of the phase-change media of optical recording

We describe a method of measuring the relative optical phase on reflection between amorphous and crystalline regions of the phase-change media of optical data storage. With a red He-Ne laser (wavelength, 632.8 nm) the relative phases on two quadrilayer optical disk stacks were measured and found to be ~40 degrees . The results are in good agreement with the calculated values based on the known layer thicknesses and refractive indices of the stacks. For calibration purposes the height of a known step on an otherwise flat silicon substrate was measured with the same apparatus. The proposed method is fairly simple to set up, can measure both front-surface and through-substrate types of optical disk, and can be used with any laser that has long coherence length.     

Broadband amplified spontaneous emission fibre source near 2 μm using resonant in-band pumping

Broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at a peak wavelength of 1.85?μm from Tm:Ho-doped silica fibre sources is reported, using in-band pumping from a Yb:Er co-doped fibre laser operating at 1.61?μm. A maximum total output power from both ends of greater than 80?mW with slope efficiency >14% has been achieved. An ASE bandwidth at FWHM of near 70?nm was measured from the forward signal for the output power from 2–40?mW. The total fluorescence spectral width is >200?nm. This broadband ASE source has potential applications in optical metrology, fibre sensors, loss and dispersion tests on optical fibres, spectroscopy and medical imaging, including optical coherence tomography. A review of different pumping schemes in generating ASE around 1.9?μm in the Tm-doped fibre is given. Also the nature of three-level ASE and in-band pumping of Tm:Ho-doped silica fibre are also discussed. The results in this paper confirm that in-band pumped Tm-silica fibre is a route to achieve high power broadband output around 1.8?μm.     

Towards creation of iron nanodots using metastable atom lithography

Iron structures with dimensions of the order of the minimum domain size (～50?nm at room temperature) may provide us with a new high-density data storage method. Limitations have been observed in existing depositional atom lithography schemes for producing these structures. We present a proof-in-principle experiment using an alternative scheme based upon direct exposure metastable neon-atom lithography. Iron structures with dimensions of the order of 7.5?μm are produced by this method. Extension of this work to the application of standing-wave atom lithography and laser cooling flux enhancement techniques is discussed as a method for reducing dimensions to a size equating to a dot array density of around 0.1?Gbit?mm(-2).     

Triple-wavelength optical pickup head designs for compact disk,digital versatile disk and high-density digital versatile disk devices

We present a triple-wavelength design for a compact optical pickup head which uses two rhomboid prisms in parallel with three laser diodes. The design can be used for compact disk, digital versatile disk and high-density digital versatile disk devices. The specific prism lens used decreases the geometrical size and reduces the total number of optical components. The trade-off between tolerance and fabrication is also presented.