扑翼飞行器气动力测量技术研究进展与展望

扑翼飞行器是一种仿照鸟类飞行的新概念小型无人飞行器,区别于传统固定翼和旋翼飞行器,它主要通过机翼扑动与空气相互作用来提供飞行动力,从而实现飞行器的姿态变动。扑翼飞行器气动特性测试的实质是揭示在非定常流场环境下,扑翼飞行器气动力的产生机制,以及相关扑翼飞行器设计参数对气动特性的影响。通过气动试验方法为扑翼飞行器飞行控制和结构优化等研制工作提供数据支持,将对新型扑翼飞行器理论研究以及飞控品质的提升起到巨大的推动作用。     

扑翼式飞行器的发展与展望

本文简要介绍了扑翼式飞行器的国内外发展史,以及扑翼式飞行器相比于其他飞行器的优势,概述了当前扑翼式飞行器在国内外研究现状。以此为基础,讨论了现阶段扑翼式飞行器研究的关键技术,并对我国未来扑翼式飞行器的发展方向进行了展望。     

微型扑翼飞行器传动机构的研究

本文通过对双曲柄机构、曲柄滑块机构、二段式传动机构的优缺点的比较,对微型扑翼飞行器的研究起到推动作用,要做到轻巧、紧凑、效率高,所以传动系统的优化和发展一直是当今微型扑翼飞行器的热点课题。     

基于Unity3D的扑翼飞行器自主寻路的设计与实现

随着虚拟现实的飞速发展,Unity3D引擎成为此项技术的主要平台,相较传统仿真软件,存在高可视化的优势,其在工业仿真领域的应用逐步深入.基于U nity3D引擎对扑翼飞行器的自主寻路进行仿真设计,在U nity3D中导入扑翼飞行器,然后设计搭建寻路场景,通过NavM esh系统的应用和编写的脚本,实现扑翼飞行器的自主寻路.     

一种超低空飞行的仿生扑翼飞行器的设计及分析

为研制既具备一定的负载能力,又具有高隐蔽性的飞行器,依据鸟类的飞行方式,设计了一种可以超低空飞行的仿生扑翼飞行器.首先,计算了扑翼飞行器传动机构的自由度,从原理上确定了设计方案的可行性,并确定了飞行器各个构件的尺寸;其次,利用设计软件Creo绘制飞行器三维模型,通过运动仿真得出飞行器的扑动符合设计要求;然后,利用ADA...     

基于Unity3D引擎的扑翼机构运动仿真

鉴于Unity3D引擎目前已成为虚拟现实技术研究使用的主流平台,在许多领域具有较好的开发前景,为了在可兼容虚拟现实和具有高可视化水平的Unity3D引擎中实现机械结构的有效运动,基于Unity3D引擎对扑翼式飞行器的扑翼机构进行了仿真设计.通过对扑翼机构的三级直齿圆柱齿轮减速器(作为传动机构)和空间曲柄摇杆机构(作为驱动机构)的运动学建模和仿真,在Unity3D引擎中导入扑翼式飞行器的模型,借助Unity3D引擎的高度可视化技术展现了飞行器扑翼机构的运动情况.实验证明,Unity3D引擎能够通过设计算法进行机械结构的运动模拟.     

扑翼空气动力学研究进展与应用

昆虫、鸟类与蝙蝠等生物具有高超的飞行能力,是扑翼飞行器的主要模仿对象。近年来,扑翼空气动力学领域的研究取得了很大进展,该文主要对其主要研究成果进行综述,重点介绍扑翼空气动力学各研究方向的最新进展,包括昆虫、鸟类与蝙蝠扑翼的主要升力机制,翅膀形态学参数与微观结构、翅膀柔性与动态变形、翼-翼干扰、翼-身干扰、个体间干扰及地面效应等对扑翼气动特性的影响。同时还对仿生扑翼飞行器气动研究的新进展进行了介绍,并提出了扑翼空气动力学所面临的主要问题和挑战。     

四种扑动方式对水下扑翼推进性能影响数值分析

为了对比四种最常见的扑动方式对水下扑翼推进性能的影响规律,研究其对流场的影响机理,分别建立二自由度水下刚性扑翼计算模型。基于Realizable k-ε湍流方程,利用有限体积法（FVM）求解非定常雷诺平均N-S（URANS）方程,结合动网格技术对不同扑动方式下的扑翼非定常水动力性能展开数值计算,并对流场结构进行分析,揭示其影响规律。计算结果表明：四种扑动方式对扑翼推进性能的影响明显,方式3能够产生最大的平均推力,且整体不产生阻力,方式1次之,方式2与方式4不产生平均推力;四种扑动方式产生的平均升力均为0左右,但是方式1升力峰值最大,方式3升力峰值最小。     

展向柔性对扑翼推力影响原因的数值分析

为研究展向柔性对扑翼推力的影响及产生影响的原因,该文使用一种折叠翼模型作为研究对象,改变展向折叠的弹性系数,联立求解N-S方程和刚体运动方程,并进行了展向柔性对推力影响原因的分析。结果表明：适当的展向柔性可以减小阻力系数,但过大的展向柔性却会增加阻力系数;展向柔性之所以能够改变阻力系数,是因为展向柔性的引入改变了有效攻角沿展向的分布。若展向柔性的引入能够增加有效攻角绝对值沿展向的分布,那么就可以减小瞬时阻力系数。     

水泵荷载作用下浮筑楼板振动特性的仿真分析

为了提高水泵荷载作用下浮筑楼板隔振效果,分析其振动传播规律,本文建立水泵基座-浮筑楼板稳态动力学仿真分析模型,并通过理论分析验证模型准确性,分别探究不同工况下的浮筑板振动表现。结果表明：浮筑板振动主要存在两个主频,多台水泵同时运行,对浮筑板振动具有明显叠加效应。随着水泵基座质量增加,主频向低频偏移,振幅逐渐提高;随着板厚增加,振动主频降低,但振幅值先降低后增加;随着隔振器刚度增加,一阶主频提高而振幅降低。建议浮筑板固有频率设计低于4Hz,基座隔振器固有频率高于8Hz。     

Predicting power-optimal kinematics of avian wings

A theoretical model of avian flight is developed which simulates wing motion through a class of methods known as predictive simulation. This approach uses numerical optimization to predict power-optimal kinematics of avian wings in hover, cruise, climb and descent. The wing dynamics capture both aerodynamic and inertial loads. The model is used to simulate the flight of the pigeon, Columba livia, and the results are compared with previous experimental measurements. In cruise, the model unearths a vast range of kinematic modes that are capable of generating the required forces for flight. The most efficient mode uses a near-vertical stroke–plane and a flexed-wing upstroke, similar to kinematics recorded experimentally. In hover, the model predicts that the power-optimal mode uses an extended-wing upstroke, similar to hummingbirds. In flexing their wings, pigeons are predicted to consume 20% more power than if they kept their wings full extended, implying that the typical kinematics used by pigeons in hover are suboptimal. Predictions of climbing flight suggest that the most energy-efficient way to reach a given altitude is to climb as steeply as possible, subjected to the availability of power.     

Dipteran wing motor-inspired flapping flight versatility and effectiveness enhancement

Insects are a prime source of inspiration towards the development of small-scale, engineered, flapping wing flight systems. To help interpret the possible energy transformation strategies observed in Diptera as inspiration for mechanical flapping flight systems, we revisit the perspective of the dipteran wing motor as a bistable click mechanism and take a new, and more flexible, outlook to the architectural composition previously considered. Using a representative structural model alongside biological insights and cues from nonlinear dynamics, our analyses and experimental results reveal that a flight mechanism able to adjust motor axial support stiffness and compression characteristics may dramatically modulate the amplitude range and type of wing stroke dynamics achievable. This corresponds to significantly more versatile aerodynamic force generation without otherwise changing flapping frequency or driving force amplitude. Whether monostable or bistable, the axial stiffness is key to enhance compressed motor load bearing ability and aerodynamic efficiency, particularly compared with uncompressed linear motors. These findings provide new foundation to guide future development of bioinspired, flapping wing mechanisms for micro air vehicle applications, and may be used to provide insight to the dipteran muscle-to-wing interface.     

典型损伤对复合材料机翼振动特性的影响

利用大型商用软件MSC.Patran建立了某型无人机复合材料机翼的有限元模型。在机翼中分别模拟了蒙皮分层、蒙皮与翼梁翼肋脱粘以及翼梁裂纹这3种典型损伤,通过与无损伤复合材料机翼固有振动频率进行比较,分析了损伤位置和大小对机翼振动特性的影响。结果表明:3种典型损伤一般不会引起机翼各阶振动模态的改变,但会使各阶振动频率发生变化;对各阶振动频率的影响既与损伤位置有关,也与主承力结构的损伤程度有关;蒙皮分层和翼梁裂纹出现在机翼根部时对机翼振动频率的影响最明显。     

Application of Piezoelectric Actuator and Compliant Structures to Achieve Flapping Wing Motion for a MAV

Micro Aerial Vehicles(MAVs)are the smallest artificial aircraft.Most of the flapping wings MAVs are powered by electric motors of various capacities.We report in this paper the application of piezoelectric actuators as power system for a flapping wing MAV using a compliant displacement amplification mechanism.The actuator used for this application is a pre-stressed cut piece of TH-7R type Thunder actuator.A two-bar compliant mechanism with two flexures has been developed to convert the linear displacement into angular movement and amplification.The specimens were made from carbon fiber links and nylon flexures.We also proposed to use the product of frequency(F)and tip displacement(D),F*D as a criteria for the characterization of an amplifying mechanism.The best specimen according tO this criterion is obtained for a 5mm length flexure specimen made of three layers of nylon.The F*D value obtained for this specimen was 0.58 Hz.m.ANSYS finite element analysis results for different flexural thickness and Iengths were obtained and have been compared to the experimental results.The effect of both the thickness and length of the flexure on a particular arrangement has been discussed.     

Three-dimensional vortex wake structure of flapping wings in hovering flight

Flapping wings continuously create and send vortices into their wake, while imparting downward momentum into the surrounding fluid. However, experimental studies concerning the details of the three-dimensional vorticity distribution and evolution in the far wake are limited. In this study, the three-dimensional vortex wake structure in both the near and far field of a dynamically scaled flapping wing was investigated experimentally, using volumetric three-component velocimetry. A single wing, with shape and kinematics similar to those of a fruitfly, was examined. The overall result of the wing action is to create an integrated vortex structure consisting of a tip vortex (TV), trailing-edge shear layer (TESL) and leading-edge vortex. The TESL rolls up into a root vortex (RV) as it is shed from the wing, and together with the TV, contracts radially and stretches tangentially in the downstream wake. The downwash is distributed in an arc-shaped region enclosed by the stretched tangential vorticity of the TVs and the RVs. A closed vortex ring structure is not observed in the current study owing to the lack of well-established starting and stopping vortex structures that smoothly connect the TV and RV. An evaluation of the vorticity transport equation shows that both the TV and the RV undergo vortex stretching while convecting downwards: a three-dimensional phenomenon in rotating flows. It also confirms that convection and secondary tilting and stretching effects dominate the evolution of vorticity.