微生物絮凝剂产生菌的最佳培养条件

从重庆城南污水厂的回流污泥中筛选得到一株具有稳定絮凝活性的菌株RL-2，初步鉴定为假单胞菌属。通过优化试验确定菌株RL-2产絮凝剂的最佳培养基及培养条件为：以葡萄糖为碳源、酵母膏 (NH4)2SO4为氮源，初始pH值为8，培养温度为30℃，通气量(以摇床转速表示)为120～150r／min，培养2d可获得具有高絮凝活性的生物絮凝剂。且在最佳操作条件下，该菌株对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率达98．1％。对多种实际废水有明显的净化效果。     

高效絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及培养条件

从活性污泥中分离出36株菌株,培养、筛选得到具有絮凝活性的菌株9株,其中有一株絮凝活性较高,命名为B-8,同时考察了培养时间、温度、pH和碳源对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,培养时间72h,最佳温度为37℃, pH为7．0,葡萄糖为最佳碳源时,该微生物所产生的絮凝剂的絮凝效果最好,絮凝率可达95．75％。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及絮凝活性研究

用富集-分离-筛选的方法从花园土壤中分离纯化得到两株具有较高絮凝活性的絮凝剂产生菌。通过研究2B菌株在不同培养时间的生长情况、培养液中pH值变化情况及絮凝活性等,从而得出絮凝活性与菌生长量成正相关,且该菌产生的絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液具有较高的絮凝活性和稳定性。环境因素对絮凝剂产生的影响研究表明,2B菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养基为查氏培养基;菌产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件：初始pH值为7～9,培养温度30℃,培养时间为72h,通气量为150r／min。研究表明,2B菌株所产絮凝剂絮凝高岭土悬浊液的最适宜pH在大于7的偏碱性条件下,Ca^2 、Mg^2 和Al^3 等金属离子对其絮凝具有促进作用,絮凝率可高达94．6％。     

制酒废水培养复合型生物絮凝剂产生菌的研究

为了提高微生物絮凝剂的产量，增强其絮凝效果和稳定性，扩大其应用范围，利用制酒废水培养了4株酵母菌类絮凝剂产生菌，并考察了它们的最佳培养条件。混合培养的结果表明，具有最高絮凝率的混合菌株为HJ4，其最佳培养条件是：相对接种量为15％，培养基初始pH值为4．5，碳氮比为20：1，废水的COD为12000mg／L，在该条件下所产絮凝剂的絮凝率可达94．7％。混合菌株HJ4所产复合型絮凝剂MBF4对实际废水的色度和浊度的去除率均在80％以上，对COD的去除率为20％～90％，说明利用制酒废水培养混合型酵母类絮凝剂产生菌是完全可行的。     

利用淀粉废水培养复合型絮凝剂产生菌研究

利用淀粉废水驯化、培养复合型微生物絮凝剂产生菌,并对其培养条件如废水COD浓度、氮源、营养比以及培养时间等进行了研究。结果表明,由复合型絮凝剂产生菌M17合成的絮凝剂——CMBF-17的絮凝效果最好;M17菌株的最优培养条件是：COD浓度为4 000 mg/L,氮源为尿素,C∶N∶P=100∶5∶2,培养时间为42 h,培养温度为30℃,摇床转速为150 r/min;在该条件下得到的CMBF-17对高岭土悬液的絮凝率达90%,当被用于处理养殖废水、印钞废水、印染废水及府南河水时,对COD、浊度及色度的去除率最高分别可达54%、88%和75%。     

利用糖蜜废水生产微生物絮凝剂及其絮凝条件优化

为了提高微生物絮凝剂的产量,增强其絮凝效果和稳定性,降低培养成本,以糖蜜废水替代葡萄糖作为培养基的碳源和能源,对荧光假单胞菌C-2进行发酵培养来制取微生物絮凝剂,并用其处理造纸中段废水,考察了最佳培养条件：结果表明,荧光假单胞菌C-2产生微生物絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为：糖蜜废水的COD为10000mg／L,培养基的初始pH值为8．0,接种量为2．5mL／50mL,培养温度为30℃,摇床转速为160r／min。在最佳培养条件下对废水中COD和浊度的去除率分别可达87．27％和94．95％,说明利用糖蜜废水取代葡萄糖作为培养基的碳源和能源来制备微生物絮凝剂是完全可行的。     

生物絮凝剂产生菌的鉴定及对EE2的去除效能

从活性污泥中筛选出一株高效生物絮凝剂产生菌J1,经鉴定该菌为克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.)。菌株J1的生物絮凝剂产率为2.15 g/L,絮凝率为90.83%。利用产絮菌J1发酵产生的生物絮凝剂MFX去除水中的17α-乙炔雌二醇(EE2),在絮凝剂投加量为8 mL、助凝剂投加量为1 mL、初始pH值为5、反应时间为1 h的最优条件下,对EE2的去除率可达90%;pH值对生物絮凝剂去除EE2的影响最大,其次为助凝剂投加量、絮凝时间和絮凝剂投加量;结合表面电荷及Zeta电位的变化情况,推测该絮凝过程以电中和作用为主。     

混合菌利用制酒废水产生微生物絮凝剂的研究

从成都某污水处理厂活性污泥中分离、筛选了2株絮凝剂产生茵,初步鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和膜璞毕赤酵母(Pichia membranifaciens).利用制酒废水替代成本较高的传统培养基对这两株菌的混合菌(HXJ-1)的最佳产絮条件和絮凝剂的最佳絮凝条件进行了研究,得出了HXJ-1的最佳产絮务件:废水COD为12 000 mg/L,C/N值为20:1,相对接种量为10%(体积分数,菌体浓度为1×108个/L),初始pH值为3.6(制酒废水自然pH),摇床转速为120r/min,培养温度为30℃.在此条件下,发酵24 h所产生的絮凝剂XJBF-1)对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率平均为89.50%.以浓度为l g/L的高岭土悬浊液(93 mL)为试验对象,得出了XJBF-1的最佳絮凝条件,即:絮凝体系的pH值为7;絮凝剂用量为2 mL;以l%的CaCl2为助凝剂,其投量为5mL.     

复合型微生物絮凝剂XJBF-1的性能及应用研究

分析了复合型微生物絮凝剂XJBF-1的物质组成及絮凝活性,同时考察了该絮凝剂对淀粉废水、印染废水及垃圾渗滤液的处理效果。结果表明,XJBF-1主要由多糖(63.4%)组成,其分子为线性结构,平均分子质量为50 798 u,具有较高的絮凝活性。XJBF-1处理淀粉废水、印染废水及垃圾渗滤液的最佳pH值分别为3、6、6,最佳絮凝剂投量均为7.0 mL/L,最佳助凝剂(1%的CaC l2)投量分别为4、8、8 mL/L。在此条件下,XJBF-1对淀粉废水、印染废水及垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除率分别达到88%、66%、58%,其对淀粉废水及印染废水的处理效果优于阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺。     

高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及其絮凝特性分析

从某污水处理厂初沉池污水中分离筛选出一株高效微生物絮凝剂产生茵YS2，初步鉴定为克雷伯氏茵。该菌株产生的微生物絮凝剂对高岭土悬液具有良好的絮凝效果，最佳条件下的絮凝率为95％。絮凝活性分布试验结果表明，YS2所产生絮凝剂的活性成分全部存在于离心后的沉淀中。其发酵茵液在pH值为5～7、投量为2％（体积分数）、助凝剂采用CaCl2且其投量为0．8g／L时对4g／L的高岭土悬液的絮凝效果最佳。该微生物絮凝剂也可用于废水脱色，但脱色时间较絮凝时间要长。     

Optimisation of process parameters for bioreduction of azo dyes using Bacillus firmus under batch anaerobic condition

A new dye decolourising bacterial strain was isolated from textile wastewater and identified as Bacillus firmus. The study indicated that the bacterium could efficiently decolourise different azo dyes under static culture conditions. Characterisation of the efficiency of azo dye reduction by this isolate using both spectral and HPLC analysis was found to be a function of process parameters which include dye concentration, culture broth pH, incubation temperature, aeration as well as nitrogen source. For decolourisation, the optimal pH and temperature were 7–8 and 20–35°C respectively, while remarkable dye degradation was obtained within 18 h for dye concentrations below 100 mg L^?1. With the addition of yeast extract and under optimal conditions, dye reduction was enhanced and complete colour removal was achieved within 12 h. Colour removal was shown to be due to biodegradation rather than adsorption of dyes on bacterial cells. This study confirms the ability of the new dye‐degrading strain, Bacillus firmus, to decolourise and degrade different azo dyes and highlights its high biotechnology potential for the eco‐friendly treatment of textile wastewater when optimal conditions are applied.     

Investigation of isolation and immobilization of a microbial consortium for decoloring of azo dye 4BS

Eight high-effective decolorization strains were isolated by enrichment using Direct Fast Scarlet 4BS as sole source of carbon and energy. The optimal microbial consortium consisting of fungus 8-4(*) and bacterium 1-10 was selected by optimizing combination decolorization experiments with these eight freely suspended strains, whose decolorization activity was higher than individual strains due to synergistic reaction with each other. The optimal microbial consortium was also immobilized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the carrier. This paper optimized the immobilization and operational conditions, investigated the effect of the environmental factors (temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO)) and initial dye concentration on the rate of decolorization by immobilized microbial consortium. The results showed that the optimal decolorization activity was observed in pH range (5-8), temperature range (25-40 degrees C) under shaking culture of high DO level. Decolorization with the optimal microbial consortium gave a relatively high maximum decolorization activity (ca. 81.25 mgl(-1)h(-1)), which occurred at a dye concentration of 1000 mgl(-1), suggesting the applicability of the strains in remediation of wastewater containing high azo dye concentrations. The immobilized beads could be reused for more than 30 cycles, without losing any degradation capacity. The changes of UV-visible spectra and the change curve of COD of 4BS solution before and after decolorization cultivation and the proliferation and distribution of microbial consortium in gel beads were also microscopically observed, which could be used for conferring the decolorization mechanisms of dye 4BS.     

低温好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及脱氮特性研究

从水库底泥样品中,以硝酸盐为唯一氮源驯化、分离并筛选出1株能在低温及好氧条件下进行高效反硝化的菌株DW4,经过生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析,并基于16S rDNA序列结果,构建了该菌株的系统发育树,最终确定菌株DW4为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.)。考察了温度、初始pH、C/N及接种量对菌株DW4硝酸盐还原活性的影响,以及该菌株的异养硝化性能。结果表明,在pH值为6～9,温度为15～30℃,C/N不小于3,接种量为15%时,菌株DW4培养72 h后的硝氮去除率可达到90%以上。此外,该菌株具有同时硝化-反硝化作用,在培养过程中氨氮去除率可达到65%左右。实验结果表明,菌株DW4在寒冷地区低温季节微污染水体原位生物脱氮领域中具有很大的应用潜力。     

pH值对工程废浆稳定、絮凝及固结特性的影响

在影响药剂真空预压法处理工程废弃泥浆效果的诸多因素中,pH值是其中最重要的因素之一。文中关于pH值对工程废弃泥浆稳定、絮凝和固结特性的影响进行了研究。首先探讨不同pH值时废浆中土颗粒Zeta电位的变化规律;然后研究泥浆不同pH时絮凝剂APAM的最佳添加量和不同pH值调节方式时废浆的絮凝效果;最后通过固结试验分析了在絮凝剂APAM添加量相同情况下不同pH值导致废浆的不同固结特性。研究结果表明：①土颗粒表面Zeta电位的绝对值随废浆pH值的增大而减小,颗粒粒径随pH值的减小呈增大趋势,特别是在酸性条件下,废浆中土颗粒更容易发生聚沉,小于0.01mm的土颗粒多变为0.01~0.02mm的土颗粒;②不同pH值的废浆在达到最佳絮凝状态时各条颗分曲线相差不大,但是APAM的最优添加量随着废浆的pH值变化而变化;③pH值的不同调节方式对废浆的絮凝效果有较大影响,相同pH值时,采用CaO调节方式得到的废浆絮体粒径要比采用NaOH调节方式得到的废浆絮体粒径要大;④固结试验表证明pH值接近中性泥浆絮体的固结系数最大,建议在药剂真空预压处理工程废弃泥浆时将pH值调节至中性。研究成果对药剂真空预压乃至压滤、离心法处理工程废弃泥浆实践均具有一定的实际指导意义。     

水解酸化池预处理低碳生活污水的效能分析

为了提高低碳氮比生活污水的脱氮效能,在缺氧池前设置水解酸化池,通过水解酸化作用改善进水碳源,同时对回流剩余污泥进行降解,以期达到改善进水碳源可生化性、提高其可利用率、减少外碳源投加量并实现污泥减量的目的。分别考察了水解酸化池对污水单独进行预处理以及对污水和回流污泥同时进行预处理情况下的作用效能及其对系统脱氮的影响。结果表明:两种预处理条件下,理论B/C值都大于0.65,出水SCOD/COD的平均值和出水VFA浓度均高于进水,单独污水水解酸化的出水SCOD减少较多,对TN的去除率仅为47.8%;回流剩余污泥后,温度>20℃且每日分4次共回流20 L剩余污泥的TN去除效果明显优于单独污水水解酸化和温度<20℃且每日分2次共回流10 L的运行效果,两种回流量条件下对TN的去除率分别为71.9%和66.1%,污泥减量率分别为58%和56.3%。     

Metabolism of azo dyes by Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500 and effects of various factors on decolorization

Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500 was isolated from soil of a dairy wastewater treatment plant and selected as the most active azo dye degrader of 19 isolates. Growing cells and freely suspended cells of this strain completely degraded methyl orange, thereby decolorizing the medium. The strain stoichiometrically converted methyl orange to N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, which were identified by HPLC, GC, and GC-MS analyses. The enzyme activity responsible for the cleavage of the azo bond of methyl orange was localized to the cytoplasm of cells grown on modified MRS medium containing methyl orange. The effect of sugars, oligosaccharides, organic acids, metal ions, pHs, oxygen and temperatures on methyl orange decolorization by freely suspended cells was investigated. The optimal conditions for the decolorization of methyl orange by the Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500 are incubation at 35 degrees C and pH 6 with sucrose provided as the energy source.     

催化内电解法处理麦草浆造纸生化处理出水

采用催化内电解法深度处理经二级生化处理后的麦草浆造纸中段废水,通过正交试验确定其主要影响因素的最佳水平组合为:进水pH值为4.67,反应时间为2.0h,铁水比为13%,炭铁比为1.0.在正交试验的基础上,通过动态试验确定了系统的最佳运行条件.在曝气、将原水pH值调节至4.5左右、反应时间为2.0h的条件下,对COD和色度的去除率分别可达48%和71.4%.在间歇曝气方式下,催化内电解对COD的去除率稍有减小,对色度的去除率则变化不大,因而从经济角度考虑,采用间歇曝气方式更适宜.     

利用硫酸盐还原菌处理酸性矿山废水研究

以生活垃圾中温酸性发酵产物为碳源,以陶粒作为上向流厌氧生物膜填充床中的填料,小试规划研究了初级厌氧阶段利用硫酸盐还原菌处理模拟酸性矿山废水的水力停留时间,回流比,进水ＣＯＤｃｒ／ＳＯ４＾２－浓度,进水ｐＨ值以及温度对ＳＯ４＾２－还原效果的影响。     

Defluoridation of wastewaters using waste carbon slurry

Adsorption of fluoride on waste carbon slurry was investigated. Waste carbon slurry was obtained from fuel oil based generators of a fertilizer industry. The work involves batch experiments to investigate the effects of contact time, pH, temperature and adsorbent dose on the extent of adsorption by carbon slurry. The contact time and pH for maximum fluoride uptake were found 1h and 7.58, respectively. Maximum adsorption capacity (4.861 mg g(-1)) of fluoride on carbon slurry was observed at 15.00 mg L(-1) initial fluoride concentration using 1.0 g L(-1) adsorbent dose. Among four applied models, the experimental isotherm data were found to follow Langmuir equation more closely. Thermodynamically, adsorption was found endothermic with values 7.348 kJ mol(-1), -25.410 kJ mol(-1) and 0.109 kJ mol(-1)K(-1) for enthalpy, free energy and entropy, respectively showing the feasibility of adsorption process. From kinetic analysis, the adsorption was found to follow second-order mechanism with rate constant 49.637 gm g(-1)min(-1). The rate-controlling step of the adsorption was found pore diffusion controlled. In order to investigate the potential of this adsorbent on industrial scale, column and desorption experiments were carried out. The breakthrough capacity of column was calculated 4.155 mg g(-1) with at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min(-1). The proposed adsorbent has been used to remove fluoride from groundwater and wastewater. Desorption has been achieved under alkaline conditions (pH 11.6) from exhausted carbon slurry. The performance of carbon slurry was compared with many other reported adsorbent for fluoride removal and it was observed that proposed adsorbent is effective in terms of performance and cost especially.