Robust speed control of induction motors using position and currentmeasurements

A nonlinear robust output feedback control is designed for a sixth-order model of an induction motor. The control uses only measurement of the rotor position and stator currents. It contains two observers, a second-order observer to estimate the rotor flux from the stator current and a third-order high-gain observer to estimate the rotor speed and acceleration from its position. The control is robust to uncertainties in the rotor and stator resistances, and a bounded time-varying load torque. It guarantees that the speed tracking error can be made arbitrarily small by choice of certain design parameters. Moreover, when the speed reference and load torque are constant, it ensures asymptotic regulation. Simulation results agree well with the analysis     

感应电机高阶终端滑模磁链观测器的研究

提出了基于高阶非奇异终端滑模的感应电机转子磁链观测方法,用于实现感应电机的按转子磁链定向控制. 设计了非奇异终端滑模面及观测器的控制策略,利用所设计的控制策略推导出电机转子磁链信息. 为了抑制常规滑模存在的抖振现象,设计了定子电流观测器的高阶滑模控制律,可将控制信号直接用于电机转子磁链的估计. 较常规滑模观测器,所提方法具有较高的观测精度,并对电机参数变化具有良好的鲁棒性.仿真结果验证了方法的有效性.     

基于中立型系统理论的感应电机高精度磁链观测器研究

针对感应电机交流传动控制系统磁链观测模型不精确, 忽略控制中的延时问题, 转子磁链观测一般具有观测精度不高、易受电机参数变化影响等问题, 运用中立型理论, 建立中立型感应电机观测模型, 提出一种基于中立型的转子磁链观测方法, 设计了中立型转子磁链观测器.该磁链观测器具有观测精度高、受电机参数变化影响小、鲁棒性好的优点, 通过建立精确的观测模型, 解决控制中延时问题对磁链观测精度的影响.对感应电机中立型磁链观测模型进行了稳定性分析.仿真和实验结果证明了所设计中立型转子磁链观测器的可行性和有效性.     

感应电机二阶滑模次优算法定子磁链观测器设计

提出了基于二阶滑模次优算法的感应电机定子磁链观测方法,设计了定子磁链观测器,并应用到感应电机直接转矩控制中.本文设计的磁链观测器,通过准确的跟踪电流及其变化率,从而实现对转子磁链的准确估算,然后利用转子磁链与定子磁链的关系,估算出定子磁链.由于本文设计的定子磁链观测器是一个多输入多输出(MIMO)系统,稳定性分析非常复杂,为此将磁链估算误差的微分看作扰动处理,从而将MIMO的观测器模型分解成两个独立的单输入单输出(SISO)系统,简化了稳定性分析.将该观测器用于感应电机直接转矩控制中,达到了很好的控制效果.仿真和实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

A new scheme for sensorless induction motor control drives operating in low speed region

A novel simple stator resistance estimation technique for high-performance induction motor drives is proposed. It makes use of a synchronously revolving reference frame aligned with the stator current vector, so that the resistance can be straightforwardly derived from the mathematical model of the induction motor. A sensorless direct field orientation scheme is employed to validate the proposed solution, with the drive operating in the critical area of low speeds. A combination of two observers is used: a Kalman filter observer to estimate the rotor flux, and a MRAS observer for speed estimation. The stator resistance estimator alleviates the usual performance degradation of MRAS-based drives at low speeds, caused by the thermal drift of stator resistance. Computer simulations, including realistic disturbances, show high effectiveness of the described approach.     

基于Petri模糊神经网络磁通观测器的感应电动机无速度传感器控制

利用Petri模糊神经网络构造电流观测器,基于电流观测值构造感应电动机的转子磁通观测器,根据磁通观测值进行电动机转子速度的计算.基于一种新颖的感应电动机解耦模型,设计了感应电动机的滑模反推控制器,并给出了Petri模糊神经网络的收敛性证明.通过MATLAB仿真验证了系统设计的有效性.     

Adaptive state observers for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors

In this paper, we address the problem of state observation for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors (SRMs), that is, the regulation of the motor measuring only the voltage and the current of the electrical supply. Instrumental for the construction of the observer is the derivation of algebraic relations, which define regression models, between the unknown rotor flux and the measured quantities. With the knowledge of the flux, it is shown that the mechanical coordinates can be estimated with suitably tailored adaptive nonlinear observers. Replacing the observed states, in a certainty equivalent manner, with a full information stabilizing law completes the sensorless controller design. In contrast with other motors, there is no universally accepted mathematical model to describe the dynamics of SRMs. To widen our target audience, we present the results for four different mathematical models reported in the literature. Simulation results with a precise (finite element) model of the SRM are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed observer and sensorless control.     

一种用于异步电机矢量控制的新型滑模转子磁链观测器研究

针对异步电机矢量控制需要实现定、转子电路解耦的一个关键问题是准确地观测转子磁链.提出了一种以异步电机在两相同步旋转坐标系下的定子电流和转子磁链为状态变量的基于滑模变结构思想的转子磁链观测器,对滑模变结构输入控制信号的设计使得滑模运动速度与轨迹和滑模面的距离相关联,并利用李亚普诺夫理论证明了算法的收敛性.通过仿真表明,该方法具有较高的转子磁链观测准确度,对转子电阻的变化具有很强的鲁棒性,能够改善异步电机矢量控制调速系统的动静态性能.     

A new non‐linear sliding‐mode torque and flux control method for an induction machine incorporating a sliding‐mode flux observer

In this paper a novel sliding‐mode control algorithm, based on the differential geometry state‐co‐ordinates transformation method, is proposed to control motor torque directly. Non‐linear feedback linearization theory is employed to decouple the control of rotor flux magnitude and motor torque. The advantages of this method are: (1) The rotor flux and the generated torque can be accurately controlled. (2) Robustness with respect to matched and mismatched uncertainties is obtained. Additionally, a varying continuous control term is proposed. As a result, chattering is eliminated without sacrificing robustness and precision. The control strategy is based on all motor states being available. In practice the rotor fluxes are not usually measurable, and a sliding‐mode observer is derived to estimate the rotor flux. The observer is designed to possess invariant dynamic modes which can be assigned independently to achieve the desired performance. Furthermore, it can be shown that the observer is robust against model uncertainties and measurement noise. Simulation and practical results are presented to confirm the characteristics of the proposed control law and rotor flux observer. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于波波夫不等式的新型自适应定子磁链观测器设计

在异步电动机矢量控制系统中,定子磁链估算的准确性直接影响其控制的性能。在分析现有基于低通滤波器的磁链观测器存在问题的基础上,提出了用于电动机定子、转子电阻及转速估计的模型参考自适应方案,设计了一种基于波波夫不等式的新型自适应定子磁链观测器。该观测器可准确快速获得定子电阻及转速估计值,性能明显改善。仿真结果验证了其优越性。     

New adaptive vector control methods for induction motors with simpler structure and better performance

This paper deals with the vector control, including both the direct vector control(DVC) and the indirect vector control(Id VC),of induction motors. It is well known that the estimation of rotor flux plays a fundamental role in the DVC and the estimation of rotor resistance is vital in the slip compensation of the Id VC. In these estimations, the precision is significantly affected by the motor resistances. Therefore, online estimation of motor resistances is indispensable in practice.For a fast estimation of motor resistances, it is necessary to slow down the convergence rate of the current estimate. On the other hand, for a fast estimation of the rotor flux, it is necessary to speed up its convergence rate. It is very difficult to realize such a trade-off in convergence rates in a full order observer.In this paper, we propose to decouple the current observer from the flux observer so as to realize independent convergence rates. Then, the resistance estimation algorithm is applied to both DVC and Id VC. In particular, in the application to Id VC the flux observer needs not be used, which leads to a simpler structure. Meanwhile, independent convergence rates of current observer and flux observer yield an improved performance. A superior performance in the torque and flux responses in both cases is verified by numerous simulations.     

High gain observer based on-line rotor and stator resistances estimation for IMs

One of the main challenging issues in induction motor drives is the lack of knowledge about the actual values of some critical parameters, such as rotor and stator resistances which are subject to large variations during operation. Such problem is difficult to resolve due to the strong interconnection between states and parameters in the nonlinear motor model, besides the unavailability of both rotor flux and load torque. In the spirit to accurately follow the on-line machine variables, this paper focuses on the simultaneous estimation of internal states and time varying parameters. Especially, a new identification scheme for rotor resistance and/or stator resistance is introduced. In the aim of decoupling the unknown electrical parameters, we adopt a mild change of coordinates that allows to easily design a two-stage of high gain observer. The simplicity of presented procedures and the efficiency for real time computation constitute both main features of the proposed approach. Moreover, possible exploitation of our algorithm in the fault detection issue is discussed through a simulation of an abrupt rotor short-circuit.     

感应电机全阶观测器低速稳定运行的仿真

针对基于全阶磁链观测器的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统低速不稳定问题,采用波波夫(Popov)超稳定性理论分析了观测器在低速发电区域不稳定原因,提出了一种保证观测器低速稳定运行的反馈增益设计准则。为了简化该系统稳定性分析过程,基于转子磁通定向,利用劳斯赫尔维茨(Routh-Hurwitz)判据将一个关于系统极点稳定的多维问题转化为系统零点稳定的一维问题进行处理,推导了转速估算系统稳定性条件,并给出了反馈增益设计方法。仿真结果表明,该系统在低速50r/min和极低速10r/min时均能稳定运行,相对于传统的基于极点配置方法,在低速发电区域的收敛性和稳定性更优,改善了无速度传感器矢量控制系统低速区域的动、静态性能。     

Observer design for the Lur'e differential inclusion system with Markovian jumping parameters

This article deals with the observer design for the Lur'e differential inclusion system with Markovian jumping parameters. The set-valued mapping in the system is assumed to be upper semi-continuous, closed, convex, bounded and monotone. The full-order and reduced-order observers are designed to make the corresponding error systems exponentially stable in the mean square, respectively. The criteria are given to guarantee the existence of both full-order and reduced-order observers. The rotor system is considered as an example to show the validity of the proposed method.     

具有不确定负载的交流电机自适应后推控制方法

将后推控制方法应用于非线性感应电动机的控制系统中,并把负载作为不确定在数,引入自适应的机制。通过状态观测,感应电动机的速度和转子磁链得到良好的跟踪,改善了系统的性能。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

A predictive controller for induction motors using an unknown input observer for online rotor resistance estimation and an update technique for load torque

This paper deals with the design of an output feedback predictive controller for induction motors. The fundamental interest of the proposed controller is the capability of decoupling the mechanical speed and the rotor fluxes, without degradation against the variation of rotor resistance and load torque. Hence, the contribution is to apply two estimation procedures in order to achieve this goal. Namely, an unknown input observer (UIO) is used for the constant time estimation whereas a heuristic solution is exploited for the load torque update. Moreover, rotor flux components are recovered as an unavailable state of the system. Effectiveness of the proposed observers and the performance of the controller are confirmed by simulation results.     

基于重置算法的感应电机转速自适应观测器

常规并联双模型转速自适应观测器在电机启动、加速或突加负载时存在观测转速滞后性大、精度低的问题, 使得感应电机无速度传感器控制系统的调速性能变差. 针对上述问题, 提出一种重置自适应转速观测器对转子磁链进行观测, 同时通过自适应机构得到电机转速, 并利用Lyapunov 稳定性定理证明了系统的稳定性. 仿真和实验结果表明, 所提出的重置自适应观测器的观测误差小、稳定性好, 改善了在电机启动、加速或突加负载时的转速观测性能.

     

Hybrid control for speed sensorless induction motor drive

The dynamic response of a hybrid-controlled speed sensorless induction motor (IM) drive is introduced. First, an adaptive observation system, which comprises speed and flux observers, is derived on the basis of model reference adaptive system (MRAS) theory. The speed observation system is implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP) with a high sampling rate to make it possible to achieve good dynamics. Next, based on the principle of computed torque control, a computed torque controller using the estimated speed signal is developed. Moreover, to relax the requirement of the lumped uncertainty in the design of a computed torque controller, a recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN) uncertainty observer is utilized to adapt the lumped uncertainty online. Furthermore, based on Lyapunov stability a hybrid control system, which combines the computed torque controller, the RFNN uncertainty observer and a compensated controller, is proposed to control the rotor speed of the sensorless IM drive. The computed torque controller with RFNN uncertainty observer is the main tracking controller and the compensated controller is designed to compensate the minimum approximation error of the uncertainty observer instead of increasing the rules of the RFNN. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed observation and control systems is verified by simulated and experimental results     

A global tracking control for speed-sensorless induction motors

The problem of controlling an induction motor without rotor speed measurements is addressed. Arbitrary smooth reference signals for rotor speed and rotor flux modulus are required to be tracked globally (i.e. from any initial condition). A global second-order tracking control is obtained, which is based on a novel rotor speed observer. Simulation results are provided which illustrate the controller performance.     

基于Matlab/Simulink异步电机矢量控制系统仿真

在分析异步电动机数学模型的基础上,利用Matlab/Simulink建立了按转子磁场定向的异步电动机矢量控制变频调速系统仿真模型,详细介绍了电流滞环PWM调节器、转子磁链观测模块的建立。仿真结果验证了建模方法的有效性。