共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
An important area of Human Reliability Assessment in interactive systems is the ability to understand the causes of human
error and to model their occurrence. This paper investigates a new approach to analysis of task failures based on patterns
of operator behaviour, in contrast with more traditional event-based approaches. It considers, as a case study, a formal model
of an Air Traffic Control system operator’s task which incorporates a simple model of the high-level cognitive processes involved.
The cognitive model is formalised in the CSP process algebra. Various patterns of behaviour that could lead to task failure
are described using temporal logic. Then a model-checking technique is used to verify whether the set of selected behavioural
patterns is sound and complete with respect to the definition of task failure. The decomposition is shown to be incomplete
and a new behavioural pattern is identified, which appears to have been overlooked in the informal analysis of the problem.
This illustrates how formal analysis of operator models can yield fresh insights into how failures may arise in interactive
systems.
相似文献
Antonio Cerone (Corresponding author)Email: |
Simon ConnellyEmail: |
Peter LindsayEmail: |
2.
Multimodal support to group dynamics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Fabio Pianesi Massimo Zancanaro Elena Not Chiara Leonardi Vera Falcon Bruno Lepri 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2008,12(3):181-195
The complexity of group dynamics occurring in small group interactions often hinders the performance of teams. The availability
of rich multimodal information about what is going on during the meeting makes it possible to explore the possibility of providing
support to dysfunctional teams from facilitation to training sessions addressing both the individuals and the group as a whole.
A necessary step in this direction is that of capturing and understanding group dynamics. In this paper, we discuss a particular
scenario, in which meeting participants receive multimedia feedback on their relational behaviour, as a first step towards
increasing self-awareness. We describe the background and the motivation for a coding scheme for annotating meeting recordings
partially inspired by the Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis. This coding scheme was aimed at identifying suitable observable
behavioural sequences. The study is complemented with an experimental investigation on the acceptability of such a service.
相似文献
Fabio Pianesi (Corresponding author)Email: |
Massimo ZancanaroEmail: |
Elena NotEmail: |
Chiara LeonardiEmail: |
Vera FalconEmail: |
Bruno LepriEmail: |
3.
Ohne Zusammenfassung
相似文献
Peter Rohner (Corresponding author)Email: |
Robert Winter (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
Quantitative usability requirements are a critical but challenging, and hence an often neglected aspect of a usability engineering process. A case study is described where quantitative usability requirements played a key role in the development of a new user interface of a mobile phone. Within the practical constraints of the project, existing methods for determining usability requirements and evaluating the extent to which these are met, could not be applied as such, therefore tailored methods had to be developed. These methods and their applications are discussed.
相似文献
Timo Jokela (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jussi KoivumaaEmail: |
Jani PirkolaEmail: |
Petri SalminenEmail: |
Niina KantolaEmail: |
5.
6.
Julian Togelius Simon Lucas Ho Duc Thang Jonathan M. Garibaldi Tomoharu Nakashima Chin Hiong Tan Itamar Elhanany Shay Berant Philip Hingston Robert M. MacCallum Thomas Haferlach Aravind Gowrisankar Pete Burrow 《Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines》2008,9(4):295-329
This paper describes the simulated car racing competition that was arranged as part of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation. Both the game that was used as the domain for the competition, the controllers submitted as entries to the competition
and its results are presented. With this paper, we hope to provide some insight into the efficacy of various computational
intelligence methods on a well-defined game task, as well as an example of one way of running a competition. In the process,
we provide a set of reference results for those who wish to use the simplerace game to benchmark their own algorithms. The paper is co-authored by the organizers and participants of the competition.
相似文献
Julian Togelius (Corresponding author)Email: |
Simon LucasEmail: |
Ho Duc ThangEmail: |
Jonathan M. GaribaldiEmail: |
Tomoharu NakashimaEmail: |
Chin Hiong TanEmail: |
Itamar ElhananyEmail: |
Shay BerantEmail: |
Philip HingstonEmail: |
Robert M. MacCallumEmail: |
Thomas HaferlachEmail: |
Aravind GowrisankarEmail: |
Pete BurrowEmail: |
7.
Matt Jones Steve Jones Gareth Bradley Nigel Warren David Bainbridge Geoff Holmes 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2008,12(7):513-525
Listening to music on personal, digital devices whilst mobile is an enjoyable, everyday activity. We explore a scheme for
exploiting this practice to immerse listeners in navigation cues. Our prototype, ONTRACK, continuously adapts audio, modifying
the spatial balance and volume to lead listeners to their target destination. First we report on an initial lab-based evaluation
that demonstrated the approach’s efficacy: users were able to complete tasks within a reasonable time and their subjective
feedback was positive. Encouraged by these results we constructed a handheld prototype. Here, we discuss this implementation
and the results of field-trials. These indicate that even with a low-fidelity realisation of the concept, users can quite
effectively navigate complicated routes.
相似文献
Matt Jones (Corresponding author)Email: |
Steve JonesEmail: |
Gareth BradleyEmail: |
Nigel WarrenEmail: |
David BainbridgeEmail: |
Geoff HolmesEmail: |
8.
The Stanford Event Heap has been shown to provide appropriate support for constructing interactive workspace applications.
Given this success it is natural to consider the Event Heap as a platform to support other classes of Ubiquitous Computing
applications. In this paper we argue that the distributed, spontaneous nature of these applications places additional demands
on the Event Heap that require extensions to both the engineering and API. Suitable extensions are described and their use
to support a typical Ubicomp application is discussed.
相似文献
Oliver Storz (Corresponding author)Email: |
Adrian FridayEmail: |
Nigel DaviesEmail: |
9.
Arunas Augustinaitis Richard Ennals Egle Malinauskiene Rimantas Petrauskas 《AI & Society》2009,23(1):41-50
The paper reflects on the unique experience of social and technological development in Lithuania since the regaining of independence
as a newly reshaped society constructing a distinctive competitive IST-based model at global level. This has presented Lithuanian
pattern of how to integrate different experiences and relations between generations in implementing complex information society
approaches. The resulting programme in general is linked to the Lisbon objectives of the European Union. The experience of
transitional countries in Europe, each different but facing some common problems, may be useful to developing countries in
Africa.
相似文献
Arunas Augustinaitis (Corresponding author)Email: |
Richard EnnalsEmail: |
Egle MalinauskieneEmail: |
Rimantas PetrauskasEmail: |
10.
We present an enhancement towards adaptive video training for PhoneGuide, a digital museum guidance system for ordinary camera-equipped
mobile phones. It enables museum visitors to identify exhibits by capturing photos of them. In this article, a combined solution
of object recognition and pervasive tracking is extended to a client–server-system for improving data acquisition and for
supporting scale-invariant object recognition. A static as well as a dynamic training technique are presented that preprocess
the collected object data differently and apply two types of neural networks (NN) for classification. Furthermore, the system
enables a temporal adaptation for ensuring a continuous data acquisition to improve the recognition rate over time. A formal
field experiment reveals current recognition rates and indicates the practicability of both methods under realistic conditions
in a museum.
相似文献
Erich BrunsEmail: |
Oliver Bimber (Corresponding author)Email: |
11.
Characterization and modeling of electro-thermal MEMS structures 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Thermal functional circuits are an interesting group of the MEMS elements with high a potential. A practical realisation is
called Quadratic Transfer Characteristics (QTC) element of which driving principle is the Seebeck effect. Such devices can
be applied e.g. as RMS meters. In this paper we are dealing with the analyses of a QTC element from different perspectives.
A family of compact models is presented. These models are suitable to use in network simulation programs. To investigate the
detailed behaviour of the device, we measured a few secondary properties of the structure, such as temperature dependence,
cut-off frequency and non-quadratic error.
相似文献
Péter Gábor Szabó (Corresponding author)Email: |
Vladimír SzékelyEmail: |
12.
Eleanor Toye Richard Sharp Anil Madhavapeddy David Scott Eben Upton Alan Blackwell 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2007,11(2):97-106
We present a study of using camera-phones and visual-tags to access mobile services. Firstly, a user-experience study is described in which participants were both observed learning to interact with a prototype mobile service and interviewed
about their experiences. Secondly, a pointing-device task is presented in which quantitative data was gathered regarding the speed and accuracy with which participants aimed and clicked
on visual-tags using camera-phones. We found that participants’ attitudes to visual-tag-based applications were broadly positive,
although they had several important reservations about camera-phone technology more generally. Data from our pointing-device
task demonstrated that novice users were able to aim and click on visual-tags quickly (well under 3 s per pointing-device
trial on average) and accurately (almost all meeting our defined speed/accuracy tradeoff of 6% error-rate). Based on our findings,
design lessons for camera-phone and visual-tag applications are presented.
相似文献
Eleanor Toye (Corresponding author)Email: |
Richard SharpEmail: |
Anil MadhavapeddyEmail: |
David ScottEmail: |
Eben UptonEmail: |
Alan BlackwellEmail: |
13.
The quality of software systems are determined in part by their optimal configurations. Optimal configurations are desired
when the software is being deployed and during its lifetime. However, initial deployment and subsequent dynamic reconfiguration
of a software system is difficult because of the interplay of many interdependent factors, including cost, time, application
state, and system resources. As the size and complexity of software systems increases, procedures (manual or automated) that
assume a static software architecture and environment are becoming untenable. We have developed a novel technique for carrying
out the deployment and reconfiguration planning processes that leverages recent advances in the field of temporal planning.
We describe a tool called Planit, which manages the deployment and reconfiguration of a software system utilizing a temporal
planner. Given a model of the structure of a software system, the network upon which the system should be hosted, and a goal
configuration, Planit will use the temporal planner to devise possible deployments of the system. Given information about
changes in the state of the system, network and a revised goal, Planit will use the temporal planner to devise possible reconfigurations
of the system. We present the results of a case study in which Planit is applied to a system consisting of various components
that communicate across an application-level overlay network.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at ICTAI’03.
相似文献
Naveed Arshad (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dennis HeimbignerEmail: |
Alexander L. WolfURL: http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~alw/ |
14.
There are only a few ethical regulations that deal explicitly with robots, in contrast to a vast number of regulations, which
may be applied. We will focus on ethical issues with regard to “responsibility and autonomous robots”, “machines as a replacement
for humans”, and “tele-presence”. Furthermore we will examine examples from special fields of application (medicine and healthcare,
armed forces, and entertainment). We do not claim to present a complete list of ethical issue nor of regulations in the field
of robotics, but we will demonstrate that there are legal challenges with regard to these issues.
相似文献
Michael Nagenborg (Corresponding author)Email: URL: www.michaelnagenborg.de |
Rafael CapurroEmail: |
Jutta WeberEmail: |
Christoph PingelEmail: |
15.
Research on hybrid bionic systems (HBSs) is still in its infancy but promising results have already been achieved in laboratories.
Experiments on humans and animals show that artificial devices can be controlled by neural signals. These results suggest
that HBS technologies can be employed to restore sensorimotor functionalities in disabled and elderly people. At the same
time, HBS research raises ethical concerns related to possible exogenous and endogenous limitations to human autonomy and
freedom. The analysis of these concerns requires reflecting on the availability of scientific models accounting for key aspects
of sensorimotor coordination and plastic adaptation mechanisms in the brain.
相似文献
Pericle Salvini (Corresponding author)Email: |
Edoardo DatteriEmail: |
Cecilia LaschiEmail: |
Paolo DarioEmail: |
16.
Connecting the family with awareness systems 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Natalia Romero Panos Markopoulos Joy van Baren Boris de Ruyter Wijnand IJsselsteijn Babak Farshchian 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2007,11(4):299-312
Awareness systems have attracted significant research interest for their potential to support interpersonal relationships.
Investigations of awareness systems for the domestic environment have suggested that such systems can help individuals stay
in touch with dear friends or family and provide affective benefits to their users. Our research provides empirical evidence
to refine and substantiate such suggestions. We report our experience with designing and evaluating the ASTRA awareness system,
for connecting households and mobile family members. We introduce the concept of connectedness and its measurement through
the Affective Benefits and Costs of communication questionnaire (ABC-Q). We inform results that testify the benefits of sharing
experiences at the moment they happen without interrupting potential receivers. Finally, we document the role that lightweight,
picture-based communication can play in the range of communication media available.
相似文献
Natalia Romero (Corresponding author)Email: |
Panos MarkopoulosEmail: |
Joy van BarenEmail: |
Boris de RuyterEmail: |
Wijnand IJsselsteijnEmail: |
Babak FarshchianEmail: |
17.
The article draws on a decade of work in the UK by the UK Work Organisation Network (UKWON), and recommends a systematic approach.
Taking cases in the National Health Service, the focus is on employee involvement, partnership and the development of social
capital. High and low road approaches are compared, in an evaluation of the Improving Working Lives programme.
相似文献
Rosemary Exton (Corresponding author)Email: |
Peter TotterdillEmail: |
18.
Using trust assumptions with security requirements 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Charles B. Haley Robin C. Laney Jonathan D. Moffett Bashar Nuseibeh 《Requirements Engineering》2006,11(2):138-151
Assumptions are frequently made during requirements analysis of a system about the trustworthiness of its various components
(including human components). These trust assumptions, whether implicit or explicit, affect the scope of the analysis, derivation
of security requirements, and in some cases how functionality is realized. This paper presents trust assumptions in the context
of analysis of security requirements. A running example shows how trust assumptions can be used by a requirements engineer
to help define and limit the scope of analysis and to document the decisions made during the process. The paper concludes
with a case study examining the impact of trust assumptions on software that uses the secure electronic transaction specification.
相似文献
Charles B. Haley (Corresponding author)Email: |
Robin C. LaneyEmail: |
Jonathan D. MoffettEmail: |
Bashar NuseibehEmail: |
19.
Inverse multi-objective robust evolutionary design 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dudy Lim Yew-Soon Ong Yaochu Jin Bernhard Sendhoff Bu Sung Lee 《Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines》2006,7(4):383-404
In this paper, we present an Inverse Multi-Objective Robust Evolutionary (IMORE) design methodology that handles the presence
of uncertainty without making assumptions about the uncertainty structure. We model the clustering of uncertain events in
families of nested sets using a multi-level optimization search. To reduce the high computational costs of the proposed methodology
we proposed schemes for (1) adapting the step-size in estimating the uncertainty, and (2) trimming down the number of calls
to the objective function in the nested search. Both offline and online adaptation strategies are considered in conjunction
with the IMORE design algorithm. Design of Experiments (DOE) approaches further reduce the number of objective function calls
in the online adaptive IMORE algorithm. Empirical studies conducted on a series of test functions having diverse complexities
show that the proposed algorithms converge to a set of Pareto-optimal design solutions with non-dominated nominal and robustness
performances efficiently.
相似文献
Dudy Lim (Corresponding author)Email: |
Yew-Soon OngEmail: |
Yaochu JinEmail: |
Bernhard SendhoffEmail: |
Bu Sung LeeEmail: |
20.
Kana Suzuki Ikuyo Morimoto Etsuo Mizukami Hiroko Otsuka Hitoshi Isahara 《AI & Society》2009,23(2):233-249
The purposes of this study are (a) to establish a measurement for evaluating conversational impressions of group discussions,
and (b) to make an exploratory investigation on their interactional processes which may affect to form those impressions.
The impression rating and factor analysis undertaken first give us four factors concerning conversational impressions of “focus
group interviews (FGIs)”: conversational activeness, conversational sequencing, the attitudes of participants and the relationships
of participants. In relation to the factors of conversational activeness and conversational sequencing in particular, the
microanalysis of four selected topical scenes from our database further shows that the behavior of the moderator and the interviewees
is organized not independently but with reference to each other. The study thus emphasizes the importance of the integration
of quantitative and qualitative approaches towards human interactions.
相似文献
Kana Suzuki (Corresponding author)Email: Email: |
Ikuyo MorimotoEmail: |
Etsuo MizukamiEmail: |
Hiroko OtsukaEmail: |
Hitoshi IsaharaEmail: |