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1.
Pasky Pascual 《Water Resources Management》2007,21(12):2005-2013
This paper suggests that an ex ante assessment of future social, environmental, and economic impacts – i.e., an Integrated
Impact Assessment, as advocated by the European Commission – might be precisely the sort of interdisciplinary and numerate
analytical tool to give administrative reality to the principles of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). For these
assessments to be an effective administrative tool for IWRM, the general public must be able to use them to transparently
compare environmental, social, and economic values and to compel states to pursue policies consistent with their underlying
analyses. In making this argument, this paper compares the use of integrated assessments by the European Union and the United
States in addressing mercury pollution. 相似文献
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自然资源资产负债表的编制是一个新课题,针对自然资源中的水资源,进行了水资源资产负债表相关的理论探讨与尝试编制。通过对企业资产负债表、国家资产负债表及综合环境经济核算与水资源资产负债表的比较,从水环境-经济核算体系SEEA着手,结合国外水资源核算的实践,对水资源资产负债表的核算对象、水资源负债等概念做了分析讨论,并探索编制出适合我国水情的水资源资产负债表框架,期望有助于我国的水资源资产负债表编制工作。 相似文献
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The Ethiopian rift is characterized by many perennial rivers, and a chain of lakes that vary in size, and hydrological and hydrogeological settings. The water resources of the Rift lakes are one of the focal points for large‐scale development in Ethiopia over the last few decades. Some of the lakes and their influent rivers are used for irrigation, soda abstraction, fish farming and recreation, and also support a wide variety of endemic birds and wild animals. Ethiopia's major mechanized irrigation farms and commercial fishery are confined within the Rift region. A few of the lakes have shrunk in surface area because of excessive water abstractions, while others have expanded because of increased surface run‐off and groundwater inflows from percolated irrigation water. Excessive land degradation, deforestation and over‐irrigation have changed the hydrological setting of a few Rift lakes. Human activities, in combination with changes in climate and geology, have influenced the hydrological setting and the water quality of the lakes, with the salinity and major ion composition dramatically changed in some of them. This study tries to address the challenges associated with development of these surface‐water resources, focusing on environmental problems arising over the past few decades on three lakes (Abiyata, Beseka and Ziway) situated along the tectonically active Rift floor. The methods utilized in this study include field hydrological and hydrogeological mapping, supported by aerial photographs and satellite imagery interpretations, as well as hydrometeorological and hydrochemical data analysis, and catchment hydrological modeling. A converging‐evidence approach was adapted to reconstruct the temporal and spatial variations of the lake water levels and surface areas. The study results revealed that the major changes in the Rift Valley are related primarily to recent improper use of water from the large rivers draining the Rift Valley floor and the lake catchments, and from direct lake water abstractions aggravated intermittently by climatic and land use changes. These changes represent grave environmental consequences on the fragile Rift ecosystem that demands urgent intervention in the context of an integrated, basin‐wide water management approach. This study emphasizes lake water level changes and human influences on these changes. It also assesses human interactions and water quality changes, including land use changes and environmental repercussions on the lakes, as well as providing recommendations on how these issues should be addressed. 相似文献
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The concepts and principles for integrated environmental management (IEM), which is based on a strategic and participatory approach to environmental and regional planning, has been successfully applied to a large lake system in the southern region of Thailand. The application was achieved through the Danish Cooperation for Environment and Development funded project ‘Environmental Management in the Songkhla Lake Basin’ (EmSong Project) in the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning within the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment. Through the application of the methods and tools for IEM, including the use of a participatory and strategic planning approach, and the establishment of a comprehensive database and an integrated surface water model for the lake system, an environmental action programme (EAP) has been developed. This action programme, which is based on a broad consensus at the local and regional level, includes vision and mission statements, resource objectives and strategies for management from an economically and ecologically important lake system in Thailand. The operational part of the EAP is a project catalogue, which contains immediately needed projects described to an international pre‐feasibility level. The former is the tangible output of the EmSong Project. A more intangible output from the EmSong Project is committed and informed local and regional government and community‐based organizations. 相似文献
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Fredrick J. Muyodi Fredrick W. B. Bugenyi Robert E. Hecky 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2010,15(2):77-88
The Lake Victoria basin has experienced a myriad of environmental changes leading to its degradation, and necessitating various interventions to be implemented. The purpose of this study was to review early development initiatives, past and ongoing interventions in order to document experiences and lessons learned from them. The methods used in this study include review of published articles, project reports, and personal opinions of experts and project implementers in the lake basin. There are numerous threats to the lake basin, the major ones being poor land use and agricultural practices, catchment deforestation, destruction of wetlands, pollution loading, fishing malpractices and invasion by exotic aquatic weeds. These threats have resulted in rampant land and wetland degradation, leading to poor water quality and consequent water loss, a decline in the diversity of the commercial fisheries, and the lake’s biodiversity in general, unsustainable use of natural resources, increased poor human health and food insecurity, with high levels of poverty among the riparian communities. Initiatives for socio‐economic development within the lake basin began as early as the turn of the 20th century, while intervention studies started as early as the 1920s. Current lake management intervention projects, such as the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP), undertaken by the riparian states of the East African Community, have invested heavily in the lake basin, with the goal of addressing the above‐noted threats to the lake. Some pilot projects undertaken through the LVEMP include: (i) water quality and quantity monitoring; (ii) industrial and municipal management; (iii) fisheries studies; (iv) water hyacinth control; (v) wetlands; (vi) land use; (vii) catchment afforestation; and (viii) micro‐projects to alleviate poverty, to cite a few examples. Phase 1 of the LVEMP was a major effort in the history of the lake basin; hence, its critical examination. To this end, this study highlights, in chronological order, the experiences, achievements, challenges and lessons learned with regard to Phase 1 of the LVEMP. 相似文献
7.
Asit K. Biswas 《国际水》2013,38(2):248-256
Abstract The concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM) has been around for some 60 years. It was rediscovered by some in the 1990s. While at a first glance, the concept of IWRM looks attractive, a deeper analysis brings out many problems, both in concept and implementation, especially for meso- to macro-scale projects. The definition of IWRM continues to be amorphous, and there is no agreement on fundamental issues like what aspects should be integrated, how, by whom, or even if such integration in a wider sense is possible. The reasons for the current popularity of the concept are analyzed, and it is argued that in the real world, the concept will be exceedingly difficult to be made operational. 相似文献
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South African water resources legislation requires that environmental flow requirements are included as part of water resource management. An operational management method is presented that relies upon simulating natural flow conditions based on inputs of near real‐time observations of rainfall and a set of operating rules. The operating rules define the reservoir releases and water use supply curtailments that ensure downstream environmental flow objectives will be met. The focus is on managing the variability of continuous low flows, while a suitable method for managing event‐based high flow releases remains elusive. The main limitation to the successful implementation of the low flow approach is the lack of legislated control over run‐of‐river water abstractions. While this limitation is expected to be overcome, as the provisions of new legislation are implemented, water managers may still lack the capacity to exercise the necessary controls over abstraction. There is no reason why the method could not be applied outside South Africa, given compatibility in the definition of environmental flow requirements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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流域综合管理研究述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对国内外有关流域综合管理的概念、要素、内容和功能的辨析,认为流域综合管理是一个复杂系统的决策制定过程,在流域的不同空间尺度和决策层面表现出不同的内容和特点,并发展为适应性综合管理的新趋势。进一步讨论了流域综合管理的信息系统建立原则和数据转化2个共性问题和流域综合管理中社会维度的价值和内容。最后,对流域综合管理的研究现状进行总结评述,并针对中国流域管理现状提出几点展望。 相似文献
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21世纪的水利建设应从强化流域管理体制入手 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为迎接新世纪的挑战，水利行业要变换水利与可持续发展水利，建设综合开发水的资源功能，环境功能、生态功能的大水利。而 则无法保证这一目标的实现的，应当根据新世纪水利发展的目标，强化流域管理体制。 相似文献
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加快建立水务统一管理的新体制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水资源是国家重要的战略性稀缺资源，实行水务统一管理就是要对水资源的物质形态、市场要素和治水内涵包括开发、利用、治理、配置、节约、保护实行全方位、全领域、全过程的统一管理，最终实现水资源的优化配置。 相似文献
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在分析研究塔里木河的历史变迁、现实危机和未来治水目标的基础上。提出了塔里木河流域治理新思路。围绕治水新思路,必须树立先进的治水理念和科学的治水思路,制定科学系统的水资源开发利用与保护模式,改革水资源管理体制,解决发展与保护中遇到的重大水问题,将“维持河流健康生命”和“构建和谐流域”作为流域治理目标,以效率一效益-可持续引领流域战略目标的实现。 相似文献
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Marleen van Rijswick Jurian Edelenbos Petra Hellegers Matthijs Kok Stefan Kuks 《国际水》2013,38(5):725-742
A three-step interdisciplinary method to assess approaches to water shortage, water quality and flood risks is presented. This method, based on water system analysis, economics, law and public administration, seeks to create common understanding based on newly developed concepts and definitions. First, generating content knowledge about the water system and about values, principles and policy discourses. Second, providing an organizational process with sufficient stakeholder involvement, insight into the trade-off between social objectives, and attribution of responsibilities in addition to regulations and agreements. Finally, implementing the agreed service level through adequate infrastructure, enforcement and conflict resolution. 相似文献
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Water management in the transboundary Rio Grande/Bravo (RGB) Basin, shared by the US and Mexico, is complicated by extreme hydrologic variability, overallocation, and international treaty obligations. Heavy regulation of the RGB has degraded binationally protected ecosystems along the Big Bend Reach of the RGB. This study addresses the need for integrated water management in Big Bend by developing an alternative reservoir operation policy to provide environmental flows while reducing water management trade‐offs. A reach‐scale water planning model was used to represent historical hydrology (1955–2009), water allocation, and reservoir operations, and key human water management objectives (water supply, flood control, and binational treaty obligations) were quantified. Spatially distributed environmental flow objectives and an alternative reservoir rule curve were developed. We simulated current and alternative water management policies and used an iterative simulation–evaluation process to evaluate alternative policies based on water system performance criteria with respect to specified objectives. A single optimal policy was identified that maximized environmental flows while maintaining specified human objectives. By changing the timing but not the volume of releases, the proposed reservoir re‐operation policy has the potential to sustain key ecological and geomorphic functions in Big Bend without significantly impacting current water management objectives. The proposed policy also improved water supply provisions, reduced average annual flood risk, and maintained historical treaty provisions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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水资源资产负债表编制是水资源环境保护的重要举措。本文系统梳理了国内外水资源环境综合核算的发展历程,借鉴国际先进经验,分析了我国编制水资源资产负债表的理论基础、技术方法中存在的问题,就水资源资产负债的确定原则、表式原型设计和水价值核算体系提出了解决思路,初步构建了符合我国水资源管理实际需求的水资源资产负债表技术路线,并对水资源资产负债表在水资源综合管理中的作用进行扩展讨论。这些研究期望有助于探索编制水资源资产负债表提供帮助。 相似文献
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随着流域社会经济的发展，太湖流域的水问题日益突出，主要是防洪标准的提高跟不上社会经济的刀菜，水污染造成的水质型缺水日趋严重、水资源管理无序。解决问题的对策是进一步完善防洪除涝设备、实施水资源统一管理和建立新型的流域管理体制，并建立太湖流域水调度管理中心，实现太湖流域水利现代化，使太湖流域水利与流域经济、社会、环境协调发展。 相似文献
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气候变化对水资源管理的影响与适应性对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
气候变化对水资源的影响,已引起水管理者的重视。结合国内外相关研究,对气候信息如何在水管理部门应用、气候变化对水管理部门的主要影响进行了梳理,揭示水资源管理者面临气候因子稳态假设等问题的挑战,提出了适应气候变化的水资源综合管理、适应性管理、加强水利工程设施建设等适应性对策。 相似文献