基于信息的几个相关问题研究

通过对信息定义的分析比较，对信息的本质和内涵进行了探讨，对信息新的定义进行了尝试，并以信息为理论基础，阐述了数据、信息流、信息场的概念，结合物理场及信息理论对接收信息的度量进行了有益的讨论。     

语言场理论及其在知识发现中的应用

提出了基于认知物理学的语言场理论,给出其基本定义和定理;引入势函数等概念、公式,并把它们分别应用到知识发现的连续属性离散化、聚类两个方面,用以研究解决复杂信息的表示和处理问题。     

基于DOA测量的多目标位置信息场定位精度分析

传统的测向定位理论在对多个目标进行定位时,将测得的DOA参数按目标进行分类是一个难点问题。运用位置信息场定位法不需要对测量参数按目标进行分类,能够同时确定目标数目和多个目标位置。对基于DOA测量的多目标位置信息场定位方法进行了精度分析,通过理论推导得到定位误差的协方差矩阵。在此基础上,利用仿真实验分析了测角精度和基线长度对定位精度的影响,验证了理论推导的正确性,说明了位置信息场定位法是一种有效的多目标定位方法。     

基于下一代互联网技术的信息网格技术探析

该文首先解释了信息网格的定义,然后与网格计算技术进行了比较,接着讨论了信息网格的发展趋势、关键技术、典型应用,再接着讨论了使用信息网格的注意事项,最后论述了应用信息网格技术的意义,对广大计算机爱好者学习信息网格具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。     

基于Poisson方程的曲线形状渐变方法

以定义在分段线性曲线上的离散Poisson方程为理论基础,提出了一种同时适用于平面和空间曲线形状渐变的方法.通过在源曲线和目标曲线上定义局部标架,给出了一种非线性梯度场插值算法,使得源曲线的梯度场逐步过渡到目标曲线的梯度场,所得到的中间梯度场与用户指定的关键节点路径一起输入离散Poisson方程求解得到渐变序列 .该方法不直接插值顶点坐标,而是将源曲线与目标曲线视为定义在公共定义域上的标量场,并在梯度域进行梯度场操纵.对中间帧曲线周长以及平面曲线所包围的内部面积变化的统计表明:该算法尽可能地保持了几何形状的刚性,在中间帧求解的稳定性方面该算法优于同类其他方法.     

云平台下高校教学信息资源整合研究

云计算给信息产业带来一场工业革命,各行各业依托云计算这样一种新型平台,对信息资源进行全面的整合,高校教学信息资源整合一直是教育信息化的重点,本文在结合当前高校教学信息资源整合现状基础上,通过对云计算定义及优势的分析,提出了云平台下整合高校教学信息资源的构想。     

遥感蚀变信息场的确立及其信息提取

基于蚀变矿物所含有离子或基团的诊断波谱特性和场的理论,对蚀变信息机理研究,认为蚀变作用与热水溶液的温度、压力及周围构造发育情况密切相关而具有场的特征.蚀变信息是由波谱信息与空间信息两部分组成,其中典型蚀变矿物所含离子或基团的波谱信息构成波谱特征向量,纹理的空间分布概率构成空间特征变量,因而提出蚀变信息场.蚀变信息场充分利用多光谱遥感数据中的空间维与波谱维信息,实现了遥感信息提取理论与地学蚀变作用理论的有机结合.     

二阶对称张量场可视化的一种新模式

目前二阶对称张量场的可视化均是基于最大（次大）和最小特征向量场的,但这样定义的特征向量场存在着方向不连续的问题,而应力场的特征向量的方向却是永远连续的,鉴于此,提出了基于特征向量方向连续的一种可视化的新模式。从原理上阐述了问题产生的机理,提出了特征向量场的新定义——根据特征向量方向的连续性将特征向量场定义为第一和第二（第三）特征向量场,并对新定义的特征向量场在每一点包括退化点处的取值问题进行了研究。新定义克服了传统定义方向不连续的缺点,保持了特征向量场在每一点包括退化点处的方向上的连续性,同时,基于新定义的可视化从本质上体现了应力场及其他对称张量场本身具有的属性。     

全信息情感理论——一种认知情感交互机理的假说

探究人类心智活动的核心机理为需求-认知-情感的交互.吸取全信息理论、情绪动机-信息理论、马斯洛需求层次论和PAD三维情绪模型等研究成果,定义主体的先验信息和情绪、后验信息和情绪、实得信息和情绪以及期望信息和情绪,对信息的认知机理、情绪的生成机理进行分析,建立信息-情绪交互机理模型,导出信息情绪交互定理,提出了一种新的关于认知情感交互机理的假说——全信息情感理论,并建立全信息情感理论的基础和框架体系.     

多传感器信息融合技术

文章通过对多传感器信息融合技术近年来国内外研究成果的总结,阐述了信息融合的基本概念,包括定义、融合模型、融合方法、应用领域,并对目前信息融合在智能机器人、故障诊断等领域的应用现状进行了剖析;信息融合技术虽然发展迅速,但尚待完善,在理论框架、融合模型、融合算法、关联二义性等方面还存在问题,最后指出了信息融合的研究方向,使读者能够全面地了解和掌握信息融合技术,并为其实际应用这一技术打下坚实的理论基础.     

Modeling of reliability with possibility theory

Possibility theory aims at representing and handling uncertain information. An important property of this theory is the ability to merge different data sources in order to increase the quality of the information. Different fusion rules have been defined in the literature, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. However, these rules usually cannot deal rigorously with contradictory data. Therefore, this paper proposes a new approach, based on a fusion rule using a vector expressing the reliability of the data sources. Comparisons are made with classical fusion rules. An algorithm assessing the indexes of reliability of the data used by the new role is given, and an index of the quality of the result is proposed. These three tools define a new method dealing with the reliability of the data in the fusion field, and enable a clear distinction between the data and their quality     

Glyphs for visualizing uncertainty in vector fields

Environmental data have inherent uncertainty which is often ignored in visualization. Meteorological stations and doppler radars, including their time series averages, have a wealth of uncertainty information that traditional vector visualization methods such as meteorological wind barbs and arrow glyphs simply ignore. We have developed a new vector glyph to visualize uncertainty in winds and ocean currents. Our approach is to include uncertainty in direction and magnitude, as well as the mean direction and length, in vector glyph plots. Our glyph shows the variation in uncertainty, and provides fair comparisons of data from instruments, models, and time averages of varying certainty. We also define visualizations that incorporate uncertainty in an unambiguous manner as verity visualization. We use both quantitative and qualitative methods to compare our glyphs to traditional ones. Subjective comparison tests with experts are provided, as well as objective tests, where the information density of our new glyphs and traditional glyphs are compared. The design of the glyph and numerous examples using environmental data are given. We show enhanced visualizations, data together with their uncertainty information, that may improve understanding of environmental vector field data quality     

Intensional answers to database queries

In addition to data, database systems store various kinds of information about their data. Examples are: class hierarchies, to define the various data classes and their relationships; integrity constraints, to state required relationships among the data; and inference rules, to define new classes in terms of known classes. This information is often referred to as intensional information (the data are referred to as extensional information). There have been several independent research works that suggested ways by which intensional information may be used to improve the conventional (extensional) database answers. Although each of these efforts developed its own specific methods, they all share a common belief: database answers would be improved if accompanied by intensional statements that describe them more abstractly. We study and compare the various approaches to intensional answers by using various classifications; we examine their relative merits with regard to key aspects; we discuss remaining issues; and we offer new research directions     

A new vector field distance transform and its application to mesh processing from 3D scanned data

In this paper we define a new 3D vector field distance transform to implicitly represent a mesh surface. We show that this new representation is more accurate than the classic scalar field distance transform by comparing both representations with an error metric evaluation. The widely used marching cube triangulation algorithm is adapted to the new vector field distance transform to correctly reconstruct the resulting explicit surface. In the reconstruction process of 3D scanned data, the useful mesh denoising operation is extended to the new vector field representation, which enables adaptive and selective filtering features. Results show that mesh processing with this new vector field representation is more accurate than with the scalar field distance transform and that it outperforms previous mesh filtering algorithms. Future work is discussed to extend this new vector field representation to other mesh useful operations and applications.     

A congruence relation for sPBC

In this paper we define a congruence relation for regular terms of sPBC (stochastic Petri Box Calculus), by means of which we identify those processes that have the same behaviour, not only in terms of the multiactions that they can perform, but also taking into account the stochastic information that they have associated. In order to define this equivalence relation we have to define an adequate semantics for the synchronization operator, as well as a new labelled transition system for regular terms of sPBC.     

Exploiting geographic references of documents in a geographical information retrieval system using an ontology-based index

Both Geographic Information Systems and Information Retrieval have been very active research fields in the last decades. Lately, a new research field called Geographic Information Retrieval has appeared from the intersection of these two fields. The main goal of this field is to define index structures and techniques to efficiently store and retrieve documents using both the text and the geographic references contained within the text. We present in this paper two contributions to this research field. First, we propose a new index structure that combines an inverted index and a spatial index based on an ontology of geographic space. This structure improves the query capabilities of other proposals. Then, we describe the architecture of a system for geographic information retrieval that defines a workflow for the extraction of the geographic references in documents. The architecture also uses the index structure that we propose to solve pure spatial and textual queries as well as hybrid queries that combine both a textual and a spatial component. Furthermore, query expansion can be performed on geographic references because the index structure is based in an ontology.     

自然语言处理中词语上下文有效范围的定量描述

词语的上下文（context）是语料库语言学中自然语言知识获取和解决自然语言处理中多种实际应用问题必须依靠的资源和基础,但上下文“窗口”开多大为宜呢？为克服当前仅凭主观经验或通过某一特定应用问题中最终结果正确率界定上下文有效范围的不足,我们在引入信息增益方法确定上下文各位置的信息量后,构造上下文位置信息量函数,最终通过多项式积分确定85％信息量的上下文边界,即汉语核心词语最近距离[－8,＋9]和英文[－16,＋13]位置之间的上下文范围,该文的结果对上下文在自然语言处理中的价值和作用提出了一个具有统计意义的量化解释。     

Enhancing information interaction as a means for situation awareness maintenance in mobile field work

Maintenance of situation awareness is of critical importance for the safe and productive execution of mobile field work. However, there is scarcity of research considering maintenance of situation awareness in mobile field work settings. The case study analyses information interaction as a means to maintain situation awareness. The empirical data for the study were collected from security service personnel participating in a pilot of guarding service based on NFC (near field communication) technology. NFC enables ubiquitous and location- and context-aware computing. Interviews, on-site observation and a questionnaire were conducted to define situation awareness requirements and to assess both current user experiences and future scenarios of NFC-based information support for security service work. Results of the study show that information interaction challenges were related to non-value-adding information activities when trying maintain situation awareness. Challenges were related to disturbances in information flow between clients, security service back office and field. It was found that maintaining situation awareness in circuit guarding was more challenging than in local guarding. Future NFC functionalities providing information support in particular for maintenance of short-term situation awareness were assessed as promising.     

结合最大熵模型和tag 特征的混合推荐系统

由于用户数目的不断增多以及信息量的快速膨胀,传统协同过滤（CF）中的数据矩阵稀疏性问题显得愈为突出。为此我们提出了一种新的混合推荐方法。首先,我们在最大熵模型下综合考虑tag信息和rating信息作为约束条件,然后分别针对tag信息和rating信息定义相关的特征并且计算其相应的权重,最后利用先前计算出的权重预测当前用户对于目标项目的评分概率分布,并且选出概率最大的作为预测评分。实验证明,该方法能有效提升推荐系统的准确率。