层叠Ni/Ti热扩散形成金属间化合物的规律

选择Ni和Ti粉末及其机械合金化粉末制备Ni/Ti扩散偶,利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段研究了Ni/Ti扩散偶在固相热处理作用下金属间化合物的形成及生长规律.随着热处理温度的提高,Ni3Ti,Ti2Ni和NiTi金属间化合物的数量增加明显;随热处理保温时间的增加,NiTi金属间化合物呈抛物线规律生长,而对Ni3Ti和Ti2Ni的生长影响不大.结果表明,金属间化合物在形成过程中,Ni3Ti和Ti2Ni优先形成,达到一定厚度后,NiTi金属间化合物开始形成并快速增长.     

扩散连接接头金属间化合物新相的形成机理

扩散连接接头中界面区脆性金属间化合物相的出现往往会造成接头性能的恶化,因此研究并建立接头界面区金属间化合物相的生成和成长行为的数学模型对扩散连接过程有非常重要的理论及现实意义。本文根据扩散理论,指出界面处生成相的动力学驱动力限决于扩散偶中组元自身的特性,生成机的组元及比例应按原子扩散通量比优先生成,本文从动力学及热力学角度出发,提出了多组元扩散偶界面处的金属间化合物生成相原则：通量-能量原则;并以钛/镍/钢扩散接接头为例,证明钛/镍界面处金属间化合物相的生成规律为Ni/TiNi3/TiNi/Ti2Ni/Ti。提出,通量-能量能力相当的两种或多种金属间化合物有可能同时形核篚,接头界面处会形成混合的金属间化合物。     

TC4/Ni/ZQSn10-2-3扩散连接

采用镍箔做中间层,在真空下对TC4和ZQSn10-2-3进行扩散连接.使用扫描电镜对接头的界面组织进行了研究.确定TC4/Ni/ZQSn10-2-3接头的界面结构是TC4/β-Ti/Ti2Ni/TiNi/TiNi31Ni/Cu(Cu,Ni)/ZQSn10-2-3.通过最优工艺试验,确定最佳工艺参数为连接温度830℃,连接压力10 MPa,连接时间30 min.此时接头最大抗剪强度为135 MPa,接头断口为带有一定塑性的结晶状形貌.通过x射线衍射对断口分析认为,断裂位于TC4/Ni界面处的金属间化合物TiNi3层.     

Ni+Cu为中间层的TC4与ZQSn10-10的扩散连接试验分析

对钛合金TC4与铜合金ZQSn10-10异种金属扩散连接进行了试验研究.采用Ni Cu中间层时,其最佳工艺参数为连接温度850 ℃,连接时间20 min,连接比压力10 MPa,抗拉强度达到155.8 MPa.在TC4/Ni界面上,形成了成分逐渐变化的互扩散层.经微区成分分析可知,连接温度为800 ℃时,界面主要为Ni3Ti;850 ℃时,界面主要为Ni3Ti及NiTi;880 ℃时,界面主要为NiTi2,Ni3Ti及NiTi.通过EDS和XRD分析,接头强度主要取决于镍钛金属间化合物的种类及厚度.     

TiAl/Ni基合金反应钎焊接头的微观组织及剪切强度(英文)

以Ti为中间层,对TiAl基金属间化合物与Ni基高温合金进行反应钎焊连接,研究反应钎焊接头的界面微观结构及剪切强度。通过实验发现,熔融中间层与两侧母材反应剧烈,生成连续的界面反应层。典型的界面微观结构为GH99/(Ni,Cr)ss(γ)/TiNi(β2)+TiNi2Al(τ4)+Ti2Ni(δ)/δ+Ti3Al(α2)+Al3NiTi2(τ3)/α2+τ3/TiAl。当钎焊温度为1000°C,保温时间10min时,所得接头的剪切强度最高为258MPa。进一步升高钎焊温度或延长保温时间,会引起钎缝组织中组成相粗化和脆性金属间化合物层的生成,从而导致接头剪切强度的降低。     

Super-Ni叠层复合材料与钛合金过渡液相扩散焊界面组织特征

以铜箔为中间层,对Super-Ni叠层复合材料与Ti-6Al-4V钛合金进行过渡液相扩散焊.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、显微硬度测试对接头的界面组织及性能进行分析.结果表明,铜箔中间层阻止了钛与镍的扩散接触,防止了Ti-Ni脆性金属间化合物的生成.扩散焊接头由Super-Ni侧扩散层、中间反应层、钛侧扩散层三个特征界面层组成.界面处Ni,Al原子扩散缓慢,Cu,Ti原子充分扩散反应,在中间反应层与钛侧扩散层之间形成由TiCu相组成的锯齿状界面,在钛侧扩散层生成细小的Ti_2Cu相,接头过渡区显微硬度最高达600 HV0.5.     

钛表面改性Al/NiCu组合涂层反应机理及抗氧化性能

采用等离子结合电弧喷涂的工艺方法在工业纯钛表面制备了Al/Ni Cu组合涂层,在700℃的大气环境下对Al/Ni Cu/Ti试件进行加热处理,使得Al、Ni Cu复合涂层之间发生扩散反应并原位生成具有一定抗高温氧化性能的Ni-Al金属间化合物涂层。对加热改性处理前后涂层的微观组织及Ni-Al金属间化合物的形成机理进行了研究,并对经加热和打磨处理后的Al/Ni Cu/Ti试件及无防护涂层的Ti块进行了800℃/100 h的高温氧化试验。研究结果显示,Ti基体表面Al/Ni Cu涂层经700℃炉中加热改性处理后,Al、Ni Cu涂层间可发生扩散反应并原位生成Ni Al3、Cu Al2、Ni2Al3及含有一定Cu元素的Ni Al金属间化合物,但只有高熔点的Ni Al金属间化合物能够始终稳定地存在,且此金属间化合物对Ti基体起到了较好的高温防护作用。     

中间层厚度对TLP扩散连接TC4组织和性能的影响

采用电沉积Ni/Cu层作为中间层实现了TC4钛合金瞬时液相（TLP）扩散连接,采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪研究了Cu层厚度对TC4钛合金接头界面微观组织和力学性能的影响,并结合Ti-Cu和Ti-Ni二元相图阐明了反应机制。结果表明,瞬时液相扩散连接接头的典型界面组织为TC4/α-Ti+Ti2(Cu, Ni)/TC4,其中Ni元素均以固溶体的形式存在于接头中。随着电沉积Cu层厚度增加,扩散层和焊缝宽度增加,接头中央未焊合的孔洞消失,反应层中开始出现连续的Ti2(Cu, Ni)金属间化合物层且宽度逐渐增加。接头抗拉强度在电沉积Cu层厚度为15 μm时达到最大值500 MPa。断裂分析表明,所有TLP扩散连接接头均以解理断裂方式在焊缝处断裂。     

保温时间对TiAl合金与镍基合金扩散连接界面组织结构及连接强度的影响

采用纯钛箔做中间层扩散连接TiAl合金与镍基高温合金(GH99).利用扫描电镜、电子探针和X射线衍射等手段对界面产物及接头的界面结构进行分析.结果表明,GH99/Ti界面主要由四个反应层组成,分别为(Ni,Cr)ss,富Ti-(Ni,Cr)ss,TiNi和Ti2Ni.当保温时间较短时,Ti/TiAl界面反应层主要为Ti(Al)ss.延长保温时间,此界面反应层转化为Ti3Al和Al3NiTi2.随着保温时间的延长,TiNi反应层厚度持续增加,而Ti2Ni反应层厚度先增加后减小.随保温时间的延长接头的抗剪强度先增加后减小,然后又增加.由接头断口形貌可以看出,接头主要断裂于Ti2Ni反应层.     

Cu与NbTi之间扩散反应的研究

采用电子探针微分析术研究了机械复合和冶金复合两种界面状态的Nb-Ti/Cu复合超导线,以及Nb-Ti/Cu,Ti/Cu和Nb/Cu偶的扩散反应过程.结果表明,原始组件的界面状态对Nb-Ti/Cu间金属间化合物的生成有明显的影响.机械复合组件较冶金复合组件能承受更高的热处理温度而不致生成金属间化合物.Ti与Cu之间反应生成化合物的次序与形态及NbTi与Cu之间不同.Ti/Cu间生成化合物的厚度y与时间t关系遵循y~(1.5-t)的规律.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.