三轴SHPB加载下砂岩力学特性及破坏模式试验研究

利用改造的三轴SHPB动静组合加载实验装置,对均质砂岩进行不同围压与不同应变率下三轴冲击压缩试验,作为对比利用RMT - 150C试验机也进行了部分准静态下三轴压缩实验.根据实验结果,分析围压对砂岩动态冲击性能的影响,并讨论冲击过程中岩石的破坏模式.研究结果表明,在围压一定情况下,岩石的动态压缩强度随应变率的提高而提高;在应变率相同情况下,岩石的动态压缩强度与弹性模量会随着围压的增大而增大.岩石发生破坏的临界入射能,随着围压的增大而增大.岩石单位体积吸收能与应变率之间呈线性递增关系,且递增的程度随围压的增加而增加.三轴冲击加载下,应变率较低时岩石内部形成压剪破裂面但整体不失稳,应变率很大时岩石破碎形成锥形块体形式.     

三轴SHPB加载下砂岩力学特性和破坏模式的试验研究

利用改造的三轴SHPB动静组合加载实验装置,对均质砂岩进行了不同围压和不同应变率下的三轴冲击压缩试验,作为对比利用RMT-150C试验机也进行了部分准静态下的三轴压缩实验。根据实验结果,分析了围压对砂岩动态冲击性能的影响,并重点讨论了冲击过程中岩石的破坏模式。研究结果表明,在围压一定的情况下,岩石的动态压缩强度随应变率的提高而提高;在应变率相同的情况下,岩石的动态压缩强度和弹性模量会随着围压的增大而增大。岩石发生破坏的临界入射能,随着围压的增大而增大。岩石单位体积吸收能与应变率之间呈线性递增关系,而且递增的程度随着围压的增加而增加。三轴冲击加载下,应变率较低时岩石内部形成压剪破裂面但整体不失稳,应变率很大时岩石破碎形成锥形块体形式。     

主动围压作用下水泥粉质黏土SHPB试验与分析

为研究围压状态下水泥粉质黏土的冲击压缩特性,进行了不同围压和不同应变率条件下水泥粉质黏土的霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验,分析了围压和应变率对水泥粉质黏土动态应力-应变曲线、冲击压缩强度以及破坏形态的影响。试验结果表明:围压和单轴状态下的水泥粉质黏土动态应力-应变曲线均经历弹性变形阶段、塑性变形阶段和破坏阶段,但是两种状态下水泥粉质黏土试样的破坏形态不同,单轴条件下水泥粉质黏土试样的破坏程度随应变率增加而逐渐变大,围压作用下水泥粉质黏土在冲击试验后保持较好的整体性。围压和应变率共同影响水泥粉质黏土的冲击压缩强度:相同应变率条件下,水泥粉质黏土冲击压缩强度随围压的增加而增大;相同围压条件下,水泥粉质黏土峰值应力和峰值应变均随应变率的增加而增大,表现出明显的应变率效应。     

围压对Ⅱ型CA砂浆力学性能的影响

对不同围压下的CRTS-Ⅱ型CA砂浆进行了三轴压缩试验,并测定CA砂浆的应力应变曲线。分析了峰值应力、峰值应变、残余强度及弹性模量随围压的变化规律,并对其进行线性拟合。结果表明,随着围压的增大,应力应变曲线峰值处逐渐平缓;峰值应力、峰值应变及残余强度逐渐变大,弹性模量基本不变;CA砂浆试件破坏时的裂缝与轴线的夹角逐渐增大。     

三向应力状态下混凝土强度和变形特性研究

对设计强度为１０MPa的混凝土立方体试件进行三轴压缩试验,系统研究了等围压条件下混凝土的强 度和变形特性,围压分别为０,４,８,１２,１６MPa５个量级;同时研究了不等围压条件下混凝土强度变化特性, 试验表明,随着围压增加,混凝土的极限抗压强度有明显增强的趋势;随着小主应力的增加,中主应力的影响 有减弱的趋势;峰值应力处应变随围压增加幅度显著。得出了在不同恒定围压下混凝土的应力应变全过程曲线; 通过与当前文献资料的对比分析,指出了在混凝土结构计算中适用的强度及变形表达式,为工程实践提供了 依据。     

一维静载与频繁扰动共同作用下含铜蛇纹岩动力学特性

基于冬瓜山铜矿深部开采面临的高应力集中及爆破扰动的问题,采用改进的SHPB岩石动静组合加载试验系统,进行了含铜蛇纹岩在一维静载与频繁扰动共同作用下的动力学试验,研究其动力学特性。研究结果表明:预加轴压促使岩石内部微裂纹完全闭合时,岩石动态应力-应变曲线初始阶段不出现下凹现象,否则出现;岩石内部存储的弹性力大于扰动冲击应力时,岩石动态应力-应变曲线峰值应力后会出现回弹现象,否则不出现;动态峰值应力、动态变形模量随扰动冲击次数的增大而减小,60%单轴抗压强度的轴压时峰值应力最大;峰值应力均值随轴压的增大先增大后减小;最大应变、峰值应力对应应变随扰动冲击次数的增大而增大;累计扰动冲击次数最大值与均值都随轴压增大呈一元四阶多项式关系递减。     

不同应力路径下砂岩能耗变化规律试验研究

为研究不同应力路径下岩石的能耗变化规律,采用MTS815岩石力学试验系统开展了砂岩的单轴压缩、常规三轴和卸荷三轴试验。结果表明:耗散能曲线变化是岩石内部损伤和破裂产生的表现,在弹塑性变形阶段,常规三轴耗散的能量占岩石吸收总能量的比例最大,卸荷三轴次之,单轴压缩最小;岩石的储能极限与围压具有明显的线性关系,单轴压缩试验中岩石的储能极限最低,卸荷三轴次之,常规三轴试验岩石的储能极限最高;岩石峰前和峰后的能量耗散速率与围压也具有良好的线性关系,峰后应力跌落阶段能量耗散速率明显较峰前能量耗散速率大数倍至数十倍,说明岩石峰前损伤速率较小,而峰后却快速损伤破裂,耗散能曲线的突然变陡表明岩石破坏发生。     

三向应力状态下混凝土动态强度和变形特性研究

利用大连理工大学自行研制、改造的大型液压伺服静动三轴试验系统对立方体混凝土试件进行恒定围压下的动态三向压缩试验,侧向恒定围压分别为0MPa、4MPa、8MPa、12MPa、16MPa五个级别,应变速率分别为10-5/s、10-4/s和10-3/s三个量级,系统研究了不同恒定围压和应变速率对混凝土强度和变形特性的影响。试验表明:随着围压的增加,混凝土三轴极限抗压强度有明显的增强趋势;峰值应力处的应变值增加幅度显著。随着应变速率的增加,围压较低时,混凝土动态强度的增加趋势明显;围压较高时,动态强度随应变速率增加而增加的趋势减弱,特别是当围压值超过混凝土的单轴强度时,可以不考虑混凝土应变速率对混凝土强度的影响。得出了混凝土在不同应变速率以及不同恒定围压下的应力应变全过程曲线。     

被动围压条件下岩石材料冲击压缩试验研究

为研究煤矿岩石材料被动围压条件下动态力学性能和变形破坏规律,利用Ø50mm变截面分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)试验装置,对45#钢质套筒环向约束状态下煤矿岩石试件进行了不同加载速率冲击压缩试验。试验结果表明：被动围压条件下SHPB试验中,岩石试件的材料延性和抗破坏能力均得到增强,试件轴向应力是采用同种加载条件无围压SHPB试验时的1.2倍,破坏应变比无围压SHPB试验提高2～3倍,且径向应力随轴向应变增大总体呈上升趋势,试件破坏为压剪破坏模式,与无围压SHPB试验有所不同。     

不同应力路径下辉绿岩能量演化与破坏机制研究EI北大核心CSCD

以灵宝矿区辉绿岩为研究对象,开展了单轴及三轴循环加卸载试验和恒轴压卸围压试验,分析了应力-应变曲线及破坏形态,研究了辉绿岩在不同应力路径下的能量演化过程与破坏机制。研究表明:在三轴循环加卸载变形破坏过程中,随着循环次数的增加,滞回环的面积逐渐增大,岩样耗散能与弹性能均增大,耗散能的增长速率逐渐变大,弹性能的增长速率逐渐变小,且围压越大耗能比越大,岩样内部的裂隙扩展和汇合现象显著增加;在恒轴压卸围压变形破坏过程中,围压对辉绿岩的抗压强度和横向变形影响较大;在相同初始围压下,相比较循环加卸载应力路径,卸围压应力路径下试件破坏时弹性能密度更大。     

高性能PVA 纤维增强水泥基复合材料常规三轴受压本构模型

对PVA 纤维体积率从0%~2%的高性能水泥基复合材料(HPFRCC)圆柱体试件进行了6 种不同围压下的常规三轴受压试验,研究其三轴受压性能,测得了极限抗压强度、峰值应变、极限应变以及应力-应变曲线。根据试验结果得出HPFRCC 的极限抗压强度、峰值应变以及极限应变与侧向围压之间的关系。基于实测圆柱体应力-应变曲线的特点,提出了HPFRCC材料常规三轴受压本构模型。计算结果与试验数据的对比表明,根据该文模型所得的计算曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,研究成果可为HPFRCC结构非线性有限元分析提供依据。     

Effect of aggregate size distribution and confining pressure on mechanical property and microstructure of cemented gangue backfill materials

The use of gangue, cementitious materials, and water mixed to make cemented gangue backfill material (CGBM) can achieve solid waste recycling while reducing environmental problems caused by its accumulation. In this paper, the fractal dimension of particle size distribution (PSD) and the confining pressure were investigated on the compressive strength, elastic modulus, stress–strain behavior, dilatancy deformation, and failure mode of CGBM using uniaxial compression, conventional triaxial compression, and microscopic scanning tests. The mechanism of the PSD fractal dimension on the mechanical properties of CGBM was revealed from a microscopic perspective. The results demonstrate that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of CGBM are quadratic polynomial and positively linearly related to the PSD fractal dimension and confining pressure respectively, with the PSD fractal dimension characterizing the maximum compressive strength of CGBM ranging between 2.4150 and 2.6084. The volume strain variation of CGBM diminishes as the PSD fractal dimension grows and increases dramatically when the confining pressure rises. The PSD fractal dimension has a quadratic polynomial relationship with both the cohesive force and the internal friction angle of CGBM. A reasonable PSD fractal dimension can optimize the microstructure of CGBM, reduce the distribution of defects such as microcracks and micropores, and enable hydration products to effectively fill the defects, guaranteeing that the CGBM has sufficient load-bearing capacity.     

Experimental study on mechanical behavior of brittle marble samples containing different flaws under uniaxial compression

Uniaxial compression experiments were carried out for the marble samples (located in the eastern ground of China) with different pre-existing flaws in non-overlapping geometry by the rock mechanics servo-controlled testing system. Based on the experimental results of complete axial stress-axial strain curves, the effect of flaw geometry on the strength and deformation behavior of marble samples is made a detailed analysis. Compared with the intact marble sample, the marble samples with different pre-existing flaws show the localization deformation failure. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), elastic modulus and peak axial strain of marble samples with pre-existing flaws are all lower than that of intact marble sample, and the reduction extent is closely related to the geometry of pre-existing flaws. The crack coalescence were observed and characterized from internal tips of different pre-existing flaws in brittle marble sample. Eight different crack types were identified based on their geometry and crack propagation mechanism (tensile, shear and compressive) for two pre-existing flaws, which can be used to analyze the failure mode and cracking process of marble sample containing different flaws in uniaxial compression. In the end, the influence of the crack coalescence on the strength and deformation failure behavior of brittle marble sample is analyzed under uniaxial compression. The present research provides increased understanding of the fundamental nature of rock failure under uniaxial compression.     

Experimental characterization of the stress–strain behaviour of cemented paste backfill in compression

It is of great interest for economical and security reasons to understand the compressive properties of underground cemented paste backfill. In this paper, the stress–strain behaviours of cemented paste backfill (CPB) subjected to uniaxial compression and conventional triaxial tests are presented and discussed. The effect of CPB basic components, strength, ageing and confining pressure on the deformation behaviour of CPB are evaluated and discussed. The results show that the stress–strain behaviour of CPB is strongly influenced by the confinement, the age and strength of CPB, and its components. The increase in confining pressure leads to a change in the mode of failure, in the stiffness, and an increase in the strength.     

Study on energy properties and failure behaviors of heat-treated granite under static and dynamic compression

Abstract

The material testing machine and the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) were adopted, respectively, to conduct the static and dynamic compression tests on granite specimens heat treated by different temperatures. The effects of strain rate and heat-treatment temperature on the mechanism of energy evolution of the specimen during deformation and failure process were studied. The results show a significant strain rate effect on the granite, with the energy dissipation density increasing with increasing impact velocity (or strain rate), regardless of the treatment temperature. The specimens heat treated at 300?°C and 700?°C have the minimum and maximum energy dissipation densities, respectively. The specimen in the SHPB tests easily broke into pieces or even powder; while under static compression, only macroscopic fracture surfaces and spalling phenomenon on the specimen were detected. The energy dissipation density is inversely proportional to the compressive strength of the specimen. The rate of energy dissipation change is defined, which can be used to identify the stages in the deformation process of rock and to determine the position of the failure point in the stress-strain curve. For both the dynamic and static compression tests, the value of energy utilization ratio is relatively low, with a maximum value of about 35%.     

Laboratory investigations on the mechanical properties degradation of granite under freeze-thaw cycles

To understand the deteriorate characteristics of granite in cold regions, the influences of freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical properties need to be investigated. The rock specimens (biotite granite from Tibet in China) were frozen and thawed in a temperature and humidity controlled container where the temperature varied from + 40 to − 40 °C and the humidity was kept at 100% continuously. The freeze-thaw tests were conducted for one cycle including 4 h of freezing and 4 h of thawing, and the number of cycles was from 0 to 150. The deterioration of the specimens was examined by the changes of strength, deformation characteristics, elastic modulus, cohesive strength and internal frictional angle in a series of uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The experimental results show that (1) the axial strain corresponding to the peak stress increases with an increasing of confining pressure and freeze-thaw cycles; (2) The compressive strength decayed exponentially with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, as well as elastic modulus and cohesive strength; (3) the internal frictional angle remained constant in the process of freeze-thaw cycles; (4) The interrelation among compressive strength, confining pressure and number of cycles can be described by Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion.