液压风力发电系统设计及仿真

主要介绍了液压传动与控制技术在风力发电装置的应用,并对风力发电装置液压传动系统进行了设计计算。利用AMESim对风力发电装置液压系统进行建模和动态仿真,结果表明:该液压发电装置在原理上是可行的,同时可以实现不同风速输入和马达速度的稳定输出,从而有利于提高发电机电压的稳定性,并且该系统的油箱、马达、发电机及控制装置安装在地面,降低了塔架承受的重量,也节约了制造成本和维护成本。     

高速开关阀控液压马达系统性能对比研究

采用一款高响应电液伺服阀并使其处于阀口开、关两种极限工况下工作的高速开关控制方式,构建一种阀控液压马达系统,实现对液压马达输出转速及扭矩的控制,以探究液压马达高速开关控制方法的基本特性。完成该高速开关阀控液压马达系统的设计及AMESim仿真模型的搭建。利用PWM信号控制高响应电液伺服阀实现对液压马达的高速开关控制,并通过仿真获得转速等参数随占空比和频率的变化规律。开发基于高响应电液伺服阀的高速开关阀控液压马达系统实验样机,进行实验与仿真结果的对比研究。结果表明：实验与仿真结果较为一致,液压马达转速随着占空比的增大而增大,随着外负载的增大逐渐降低;而仿真结果中负载的增加会轻微加快液压马达转速的稳定时间的结论,在实验中无法得到印证。     

基于遗传算法泵控液压马达系统优化研究

基于AMESim建立了泵控液压马达系统仿真模型,分析液压马达排量和负载惯量对液压马达轴转速的影响规律。以马达转速达到300 r/min的响应时间为目标函数,利用遗传算法进行了参数优化。优化后,马达排量为201 m L/r、负载惯量为3 kg·m~2,泵控马达系统马达轴转速响应时间减小,波动降低。     

基于AMESim的液压驱动开炼机辊筒的仿真研究

以开炼机辊筒液压驱动系统为研究对象,介绍液压驱动开炼机的优势,分析其工作原理以及相关的工作要求。通过计算确定泵、马达等主要元件的相关参数;利用AMESim软件对所建的液压系统进行仿真研究,绘制出液压马达两端的压力曲线、马达流量曲线以及辊筒转速曲线,并对仿真结果进行详细分析。结果表明:该液压系统设计合理,输出参数符合预期目标。     

基于AMESim和MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真的采棉头液压系统设计

为解决采棉机采棉头液压马达由于负载不断变化引起的转速不稳定和不同步的问题,采用AMESim和MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真的方法,对采棉头液压系统进行了AMESim液压系统建模,在施加不断变化的负载情况下进行PID控制和模糊自整定PID控制仿真。结果表明:施加PID控制要比不施加任何控制的液压马达转速更加稳定,转速更加趋近于设定值;模糊自整定PID和PID控制都可以使液压马达转速趋近于设定值,但模糊自整定PID控制比PID的控制马达同步精度更高。     

单泵驱动双液压马达系统的仿真分析

液压系统实际工作时会用一个液压泵同时给两个液压马达供油,如果两个液压马达工作时所受到的负载力不同,即系统压力不同时,液压油液会优先流经压力较小的马达,造成马达转速不能满足设计要求。为了解决这一问题,分别在两个马达支路上各安装一个调速阀,调速阀由定差减压阀和节流阀串联组成,按照仿真数值调整调速阀参数从而解决由于节流口的压力变化而引起的流量变化,即实现负载力的变化不影响调速阀的工作性能。最后通过仿真软件AMESim对该液压系统进行了建模仿真分析,验证液压系统参数变化与液压回路设计的合理性。     

恒载变速工况下液压马达瞬时转速波动与系统效率关联性实验研究

为了研究恒载、变速工况下液压马达瞬时转速波动与液压系统效率之间的变化关系,采用实验验证的方法,在变转速液压实验台中通过在LabVIEW软件中改变电机转速、设定恒定的磁粉制动器加载电压模拟工况,采集、分析恒定载荷条件下液压马达转速斜坡、正弦、阶跃变化时液压马达转速波动、液压系统效率、压力的变化曲线。实验结果表明:液压马达瞬时转速波动与液压系统效率具有关联性,转速越高,液压马达转速波动越小,液压系统效率越高;反之,变化情况相反。转速的变化会引起系统压力小幅度的变化,变化趋势与转速、系统效率相同,与转速波动相反。此研究为液压系统在恒定的负载工况条件下选择合适的液压马达转速范围、减小转速波动、提高液压系统效率提供了参考和借鉴。     

平稳工况下液压马达瞬时转速波动与液压系统效率关联性实验研究

为研究平稳工况下液压马达瞬时转速波动与液压系统效率之间的变化关系,采用实验验证的方法,在变转速液压实验台中,通过在LabVIEW软件中改变电机转速、设定恒定的磁粉制动器加载电压模拟工况,采集并分析恒速变载与恒载变速平稳工况条件下液压马达瞬时转速波动与系统效率的变化曲线。实验结果表明:液压马达瞬时转速波动与液压系统效率具有关联性,转速越高,液压马达转速波动越小,液压系统效率越高,反之变化情况相反;在恒载变速的平稳工况条件下,随着电机转速的增加,液压马达转速波动减小,液压系统效率增加,在低转速时效率增加明显,高转速时效率增加减缓;在恒速变载的平稳工况条件下,随着压力的增加,液压马达转速波动增大,液压系统效率减小。研究结果为变转速液压系统在平稳工况下选择合适的电机转速和负载范围、减小液压马达瞬时转速波动、提高系统效率提供了参考。     

基于AMESim的防突钻机液压系统动态仿真分析

分析全液压防突钻机回转液压系统的工作原理,利用AMESim软件建立其仿真模型,并进行动态仿真分析,得到了不同负载下马达进口压力变化曲线,并通过现场模拟试验验证了仿真结果的正确性;对影响系统动态特性的因素进行分析,得到不同等效黏性阻尼系数的情况下马达输出转速和进口压力的响应曲线。试验和仿真结果表明,该回转液压系统具有良好的动态特性以及很强的负载适应性。     

基于AMESim的多功能液压试验台闭式系统元件选型分析

液压传动系统是工程机械整机重要的传动系统之一,而液压多功能试验台是面向工程机械液压传动系统研究的一个科学试验平台。介绍一种多功能液压试验台闭式马达泵系统元件的选型:根据实验要求,选择满足试验目的闭式马达;根据马达的参数,计算出可以与马达相匹配的闭式泵和电机的参数。将选择好的元件设计成闭式马达泵系统,然后用AMESim进行建模仿真分析,得到马达转速、扭矩变化曲线、泵出口压力变化曲线等。仿真试验结果验证了所设计的液压系统功能的正确性和合理性、元件选型的正确性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.