单泵驱动摆动多路马达传动系统输出特性

摆动多路马达通过设置双定子和增加作用数,在一个壳体里面形成了多个相互独立、互不干扰的马达,可以实现多输出。以单泵和摆动多路马达为基础建立传动系统,理论探讨该传动系统中摆动马达输出转速和转矩的多样性。以双定子双作用摆动多路马达为例,通过数学推导得出马达不同连接方式下的转速和转矩公式,并运用MATLAB进行分析。研究结果表明：普通连接方式下单泵驱动的双定子双作用摆动多路马达具有8种转矩和转速输出,在差动情况下有4种转速和转矩输出。并进一步论证了单泵驱动下双定子N作用摆动多路马达在普通连接情况下有N2+2N种转速和转矩输出,在差动连接下有N2种转速和转矩输出。     

内外啮合齿轮泵与马达传动的特性分析

为了实现齿轮泵输出流量的定级变化、齿轮马达输出转矩和转速的定级变化,设计了内外啮合型齿轮泵和马达,将内外啮合齿轮泵和马达组成传动系统。以内3外2型为例,对内外啮合型齿轮泵和马达的原理进行了分析:泵具有5个独立的油液输出口,通过不同组合可以组成11中不同的供油方式;马达有5个进油口,在普通连接下可以输出11种转矩与转速,在差动连接下可以输出6种转矩与转速。分析结果表明:在内外啮合齿轮泵和马达的传动系统中,通过改变泵的供油组合方式、马达的连接方式,可以定级的改变马达转矩与转速,拓宽了齿轮泵和马达的适应领域。     

双定子力偶型摆动多路马达的径向受力特性

传统马达大多数采用力矩形式的转矩输出，马达在径向方向上受力不平衡。双定子双作用力偶马达通过特殊的结构设计平衡了径向力，输出力偶形式的转矩。双定子双作用力偶马达有内马达单独工作、外马达单独工作、联合工作和差动工作4种工作情况，可以输出12种不同的转速和转矩。为研究不同连接方式下马达的径向力特性，通过数学推导得出双定子双作用力偶马达的径向力公式，对每种工作方式下的径向力进行分析并利用MATLAB软件进行仿真分析，结果表明双定子双作用力偶马达的不同工作状态下径向力都在一定范围内作周期性变化，且存在4种径向力完全平衡和部分平衡的连接方式。     

双定子轴向力偶型柱塞马达的转矩特性分析

为解决传统轴向柱塞马达轴向力不平衡、输出效率低的问题,从扭矩大小、波动率和柱塞工作效率等方面开展研究,结合双定子原理提出双定子轴向力偶型柱塞马达。该马达通过特殊的结构使力偶转矩输出,实现轴向力平衡。通过传统轴向柱塞马达和双定子轴向力偶型柱塞马达各自柱塞的受力情况,推导了该马达单个柱塞组件产生的瞬时理论转矩,借助MATLAB编程,对比分析了传统轴向柱塞马达与该马达的输出转矩,结果显示传统轴向柱塞马达输出转矩为11.59~11.89 N·m,而该马达输出转矩为23.33~23.63 N·m,比传统轴向柱塞马达的输出转矩增加了近1倍,转矩波动降低为原来一半,柱塞的工作效率增加了1倍,并通过试验得出该马达的机械效率和容积效率,验证了原理的合理性,为后续相关研究奠定了基础。     

闭式液压系统冲洗流量的确定方法研究

闭式液压系统冲洗流量影响泵马达的冷却均衡,从保证泵马达冷却更加均衡的角度出发,研究了闭式液压系统冲洗流量的确定方法,结果表明:在额定转速下,定量马达系统、变量马达系统中冲洗流量分别约为补油泵理论输出流量的14.6%~31.5%、9.6%~29.4%,或者分别约为主泵理论输出流量的2.88%~7.39%、1.88%~6.89%;初始设计时定量马达系统、变量马达系统冲洗流量可分别选为补油泵理论输出流量的23%、19.5%,或者分别选为额定转速下主泵理论输出流量的5.1%、4.4%。通过样机测试间接验证了所用冲洗流量确定方法的正确性。     

非平稳工况下液压马达转速波动机制分析

针对液压马达驱动负载系统中,马达输出轴的转速波动特性直接影响负载工作稳定性和可靠性的问题,建立典型液压马达-负载系统的动力学模型,阐明液压马达等效弹簧扭转刚度的计算方法;根据非线性动力学原理,分析等效液压弹簧扭转刚度和摩擦转矩对系统转速波动特性的影响机制,提出利用高频采样计数方法对转速波动进行测试与分析。理论分析与实验结果均表明：非线性摩擦转矩、输出容积脉动、负载转矩、油液有效体积弹性模量等因素的变化影响系统的转速波动特性。     

基于AMESim的多功能液压试验台闭式系统元件选型分析

液压传动系统是工程机械整机重要的传动系统之一,而液压多功能试验台是面向工程机械液压传动系统研究的一个科学试验平台。介绍一种多功能液压试验台闭式马达泵系统元件的选型:根据实验要求,选择满足试验目的闭式马达;根据马达的参数,计算出可以与马达相匹配的闭式泵和电机的参数。将选择好的元件设计成闭式马达泵系统,然后用AMESim进行建模仿真分析,得到马达转速、扭矩变化曲线、泵出口压力变化曲线等。仿真试验结果验证了所设计的液压系统功能的正确性和合理性、元件选型的正确性。     

基于AMESim的液压驱动开炼机辊筒的仿真研究

以开炼机辊筒液压驱动系统为研究对象,介绍液压驱动开炼机的优势,分析其工作原理以及相关的工作要求。通过计算确定泵、马达等主要元件的相关参数;利用AMESim软件对所建的液压系统进行仿真研究,绘制出液压马达两端的压力曲线、马达流量曲线以及辊筒转速曲线,并对仿真结果进行详细分析。结果表明:该液压系统设计合理,输出参数符合预期目标。     

非圆齿轮液压马达转速及其平稳性分析

非圆齿轮液压马达的输出转速及其运转过程中的平稳性对马达的性能有较大的影响，在对马达配流规律和轮系运动规律分析的基础上，以角排量的脉动率为衡量指标，分析了马达运转的平稳性；以缝隙流动为基础，建立了马达转速与输入流量间的计算式，为该类马达输出转速分析提供了理论基础。结果表明，为形成指定转速所需马达的输入流量并非等于理论流量，行星轮公转速度越大，内齿圈内外径比值越小，所需的实际流量越大。帕斯卡蜗线型马达的运转平稳性要优于高阶椭圆型。研究结果对这类马达的工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

附加惯量对马达转速的影响

在泵控马达调速系统中,泵和马达在工作时不断的吸油和排油以及油液有可压缩性等原因,使得系统流量产生脉动、压力不稳定,所以马达输出轴转速产生较大的波动,从而影响回转工件的加工质量。通过在马达轴安装惯量盘,预在系统工作时使惯量盘吸收流量脉动,系统流量波动减小、压力稳定性提高,马达轴转速波动降低。经过实验验证了该方法的可行性,说明在马达输出轴上加装惯量盘能够减小系统流量的脉动,使马达轴转速更加稳定。研究结论为在实际工况中解决流量脉动对马达转速的影响提供可靠方法。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.