基于中压大口径管道输送梭式止回阀流动特性数值模拟

为了使梭式止回阀在中压大口径管道输送领域得到更好的利用,利用ANSYS15.0中的流体动力学分析模块Fluent,基于κ-ε标准湍流模型,采用一阶迎风格式的离散方法和压力-速度耦合的Simple算法对梭式止回阀流动特性进行数值摸拟。通过与传统常用的升降式止回阀对比,模拟分析了两种止回阀开启过程中速度、压力和流阻系数变化规律和分布情况。结果表明:相对于升降式止回阀,流体在梭式止回阀中速度和压力分布更均匀,具有良好的对称性,梭式止回阀的速度梯度明显减少,其最大速度约为升降式止回阀的0.45倍;梭式止回阀的流阻系数明显比升降式止回阀的小,当开度为5%～15%时,梭式止回阀流阻系数下降显著,尤其是在开度为5%时,其相对降低量为88.4%,比升降式止回阀多18.9%。因此,梭式止回阀在整个开启过程中不会产生较大的冲击,降低了水流冲击阀瓣的噪声,提高了止回阀的防水锤特性。     

基于Kriging插值代理模型的轴流式止回阀多目标优化

基于Kriging插值代理模型,对轴流式止回阀的各项性能进行综合优化,具体的优化目标为：降低正向流阻;减小阀芯振动;提升止回性能。通过试验设计方案找到影响轴流式止回阀正向流阻的主要结构参数因素,并以其作为优化对象,通过Kriging插值法拟合主要结构参数对应的性能样本点,在保证拟合精度的情况下,使用NSGA-II遗传算法同时对3个主要结构参数进行多目标优化,得到了三目标Pareto前沿,经过权衡不同因素对性能指标的影响大小,最终得到了综合性能最优的结构参数为：阀瓣丰满度系数 α1=2.199,阀芯长度 L=386.322 mm,阀芯半径R=113.997 mm。其对应的止回阀性能为：正向出口流量Q=161.839 kg/s,正向出口流速v=3.302 35 m/s,止回阀进口压力p=97 632.228 7 Pa。相比优化之前,阀门正向流阻减小了1.2%,阀芯振动降低了0.24%,止回性能提升了2.3%。     

防水锤用缓冲油缸的理论分析与仿真

针对意外停泵时止回阀产生严重关阀水锤问题,提出采用缓冲油缸实现止回阀快关缓闭以减小水锤压力的方法。对缓冲过程进行理论分析,利用软件AMESim进行仿真验证。结果表明:水锤压力与流速变化成正比,缓冲油缸使止回阀缓闭过程的流速增量减小,从而把管道压力限制在允许范围内。     

非能动梭式防水击止回阀的降噪特性研究

分析黏滞流体阻尼器在非能动梭式防水击止回阀中的工作原理,利用ADINA软件对非能动梭式防水击止回阀的流场进行仿真分析.结果表明:非能动梭式防水击止回阀内液体的流速大小变化以及压力分布都是轴向对称的,具有明显的减震降噪作用.建立非能动梭式止回阀的数学模型并在MATLAB中进行仿真,结果表明:黏滞流体阻尼器可以调整阀的开启与关闭时间,使水锤的压力降到最低,这与试验结果基本吻合.因此,黏滞流体阻尼器可以有效削弱水击对压力管道的破坏作用,这对保护压力管道有一定意义.     

单座柱塞式调节阀等百分比型流量特性设计研究

通过研究调节阀的流阻系数，发现调节阀的流阻系数主要受阀体和阀芯两部分结构影响。将调节阀的结构特性与等百分比型流量调节特性相结合，推导出等百分比型调节阀各开度下流通面积的求解公式，并依据该公式计算结果运用等值面积曲线法给出了柱塞式调节阀阀芯型线设计方法。结果显示：依靠该方法所设计的阀芯，调节阀仿真模拟得到的流量调节特性与理想流量调节特性高度吻合。该方法有较高的准确性和可靠性，在一定程度上减轻了传统阀芯设计需要多次进行试验修正的工作量。     

电液比例多路阀泄漏特性研究

针对某电液比例多路阀,推导了温度与压力对油液黏度和阀芯、阀体间缝隙的影响公式。基于公式及多路阀结构建立相应的Matlab仿真模型和AMESim仿真模型。仿真结果表明:选取阀芯、阀体材料时,应使阀芯的线膨胀系数比阀体的线膨胀系数大;增加阀芯与阀体间的缝隙长度、减小偏心量及阀芯直径均对减小缝隙间泄漏有显著效果。     

基于动网格的组合式液阻元件数值模拟

针对一种串联组合式阻尼元件,基于动网格以及六自由度求解器对其内部阀芯运动导致流场变化的非定常流动进行数值模拟.探讨其阀芯运动造成的内部流场变化,分析组合式液阻元件出口压力脉动特性.研究阀芯运动对压力场以及速度场的影响.结果表明:随着阀芯上升,组合式液阻元件固定式阻尼孔以及可调式节流口之间腔体内会产生2个明显的涡流区域,这2个涡流区域随着阀口开度增大而消失;当阀芯作振荡衰减运动到达稳态后,2个涡流区域重新出现并一直存在于腔体内.阀芯的振荡衰减运动会使内部的流速、压力产生类似振荡运动的波动,出口压力以及流速也会先产生波动后随着阀芯到达稳态而达到稳态.     

负压式引液阀结构设计及优化

利用流体力学原理设计一新型负压式引液阀结构,阐述了负压产生机制,并利用FLUENT对阀体结构进行了优化。结果表明:所设计的负压式引液阀进气口距收缩口的距离越小,其所产生的真空吸附压力越大,但阀体内部流场紊流现象严重,部分压缩空气会反向流入吸附腔室,因此建议进气口距收缩口的距离为阀体内腔轴向长度5/8倍左右为宜;同时,收缩口与阀体流道轴线夹角越大所产生的负压越小,但夹角较小时,所产生的流阻也相应增加,且难于加工,因此建议收缩口与阀体流道轴线夹角取值30°。     

结构参数对直动式溢流阀动态性能影响研究

给出直动式溢流阀结构简图及工作原理,建立其流量连续性方程和阀芯动态力平衡方程,结合数学模型基于AMESim仿真软件建立其动态仿真模型,系统研究结构参数对其动态性能的影响规律。仿真结果表明:阀芯质量增大,超调略有增大,动态压力稳定时间延长;弹簧刚度增大,超调减小,稳定压力增大,阀芯位移变化不大;阀芯阻尼增大,压力超调增大,稳定时间延长;阀座直径减小,压力超调减小,稳定压力增大,阀芯位移增大;阶跃流量增大,压力超调增大,稳定压力增大。     

电磁先导阀流动特性可视化模拟与分析

在FLUENT软件平台上,采用标准k-ε紊流模型模拟电磁先导阀的流动状态、阀芯与阀体的受压情况及阀芯所受液动力的情况,并对其可视化的图形图像和计算结果进行了分析与研究,所得结论为先导阀的结构设计与优化提供了参考.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.