稀土偶联剂处理CaCO3填充PVC复合材料及其性能的研究

采用新型稀土偶联剂为主要处理剂对碳酸钙(CaCO_3)表面进行活化处理,并对其填允PVC体系的冲击性能、拉伸性能及热机械性能进行了研究。结果表明:稀土偶联剂处理CaCO_3填充到PVC中可明显地改善共混体系的加工性能,冲击性能和热机械性能在一定的填允量范围内也有所改善,同钛酸酯偶联剂和铝酸酯偶联剂一样,它是一种适出于CaCO_3表面活化的偶联剂,而且在某些方面表现较优。     

DOP/TOTM并用对软质PVC性能的影响

研究了DOP和TOTM并用对软质PVC力学性能、玻璃化转变温度、热老化性能的影响。结果表明:随着TOTM用量的增加,软质PVC的断裂伸长率增加,拉伸强度减小,玻璃化转变温度降低,热老化后断裂强度变化率和断裂伸长率变化率减小,热失重质量减小,TOTM的增塑效果比DOP更好一些。     

钛酸酯活化粉煤灰微球填充PVC板材研究

采用钛酸酯偶联剂活化粉煤灰微珠,研究了活化微珠填充PVC板材的加工性能。结果表明,填充体系加工性能优良,且流变性、力学性能和耐腐蚀性优于活性CaCO3填充的PVC材料。     

钛酸酯活化粉煤灰微珠填充PVC板材研究

采用钛酸酯偶联剂活化粉煤灰微珠，研究了活化微珠填充PVC板材的加工性能。结果表明，填充体系加工性能优良，且流变性、力学性能和耐腐蚀性优于活性CaCO3填充的PVC材料。     

活性高岭土填充聚氯乙烯电缆料的研究

着重讨论了高岭土填充PVC电缆料的应用研究。对活性高岭土填充PVC复合体系的性能影响，对偶联剂选择、用量等做了分析。     

再生胶/粉煤灰路面材料

针对目前路面存在的问题,采用再生胶和粉煤灰作为主原料,天然橡胶（NR）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）及偶联剂作辅助材料制造路面材料.通过对试样位伸强度、硬度、拉断伸长率、压缩复原率、磨耗以及热老化性能的测定,分别得出了再生胶、粉煤灰、天然橡胶、PVC和偶联剂对产品性能的影响.试验结果表明,再生胶性能较差,将其与适量的天然橡胶并用可以使试样的性能显著提高;PVC能提高试样的硬度和耐热老化性能;废弃物粉煤灰作为填料,既能降低原材料的成本,又能提高试样的硬度;而偶联剂的加入,能提高填料（粉煤灰）与高分子材料之间的亲和力.经多次试验得出最佳配方为：再生胶：粉煤灰：天然橡胶：PVC=100：60：40：10;偶联剂的用量是粉煤灰用量的2.2%.并且对试样性能进行了测试,其样品的性能达到或超过相关产品的标准.     

硫酸钡/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能及形态结构

采用铝酸酯和钛酸酯偶联剂对BaSO4进行表面处理,通过熔融共混制备了聚丙烯(PP)/BaSO4复合材料。研究了BaSO4粒径和填充量、偶联剂种类及用量对PP/BaSO4复合材料力学性能、流动性能的影响。结果表明:BaSO4粒径越小,在基体树脂中的分散性越好,复合材料的韧性改善越明显;采用偶联剂处理的BaSO4对PP进行填充改性,可有效提高复合材料的冲击韧性和断裂伸长率,使用铝酸酯偶联剂处理的改性效果明显优于钛酸酯偶联剂;在PP/BaSO4复合材料试样的冲击断面上存在许多粒子抽出后留下的孔穴,而孔穴的形成使复合材料的韧性得到提高。     

几种新的钛酸酯偶联剂在PVC微孔泡沫塑料中的应用及其效果

本文介绍了FSD-03和FSD-21两种新的钛酸酯偶联剂在碳酸钙填充PVC微孔泡沫塑料中所产生的偶联和增塑作用,在加入量1%(占碳酸钙重量)时能使碳酸钙填充量从20phr提高到50phr,而产品的加工性能良好,抗张强度基本不变,比重、硬度下降,伸长率约提高10%。     

改性硫酸钙晶须对吸水膨胀橡胶性能的影响

研究偶联剂(偶联剂KH570和聚硅氧烷11-100)改性硫酸钙晶须对以丁腈橡胶为主体材料的吸水膨胀橡胶(WSR)拉伸性能和吸水性能的影响。结果表明:偶联剂尤其是聚硅氧烷11-100改性硫酸钙晶须后,WSR的300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和拉断伸长率均提高,吸水速率加快,吸水膨胀率增大,质量损失率减小;吸水初期WSR的拉伸强度提高,吸水平衡后WSR的拉伸强度下降到14. 52 MPa。     

填料对PVC/NBR热塑性弹性体性能的影响

通过试验比较分析了几种不同填料对PVC/NBR热塑性弹性体拉伸性能、压缩永久变形性能的影响。结果表明:滑石粉类填料填充的PVC/NBR热塑性弹性体,其拉伸强度优于碳酸钙类填料填充的弹性体,断裂伸长率低于碳酸钙类填料填充的弹性体;采用填料填充的弹性体,其压缩永久变形率均大于未填充弹性体,且以5μm滑石粉为填料时,材料的压缩永久变形率提高最少。     

改性高岭土填充PVC体系的性能研究

利用力学测试及扫描电镜分析等方法,研究了改性高岭土对PVC性能的影响,并与未改性高岭土填充PVC体系进行了比较。结果表明:改性高岭土粒度在1250目、填充量为30%时,断裂伸长率较未添加高岭土体系有所提高;改性高岭土较未改性高岭土的分散性与PVC体系的相容性,以及PVC填充体系的力学性能都有一定提高。     

软质PVC发泡材料的研究

采用化学发泡一步法模压成型制备了软质PVC发泡材料,研究了发泡剂、泡孔成核剂、改性剂等主要助剂用量对软质PVC发泡材料密度、泡孔结构以及力学性能的影响,并进行了软质PVC发泡材料的配方筛选.结果表明加入吸热发泡剂N能提高发泡体系的发泡效果,降低材料的密度,改善材料的力学性能,当发泡剂AC用量为2份,用量为0.6份时,材料的综合性能优异;当成核剂用量为1份时,体系发泡效果较好;加入粉末NBR不仅能提高发泡材料的断裂伸长率和柔韧性,还可降低发泡材料密度,改善泡孔结构;当NBR用量为20份时,发泡材料密度达到0.44 g/cm3,力学性能优异.     

羟基锡酸锌包覆纳米氢氧化镁在PVC中的应用

通过均匀沉淀法制备了羟基锡酸锌包覆纳米氢氧化镁并将其应用到聚氯乙烯(PVC)中。利用XRD、TG、DTA对羟基锡酸锌包覆纳米氢氧化镁的性能进行了研究,并通过氧指数、烟密度研究了羟基锡酸锌包覆纳米氢氧化镁对PVC的阻燃和抑烟性能的影响,同时对其力学性能也进行了研究。结果表明:纳米氢氧化镁表面均匀地包覆了羟基锡酸锌;羟基锡酸锌包覆纳米氢氧化镁对PVC的阻燃和抑烟性能明显优于单独添加羟基锡酸锌、纳米氢氧化镁以及羟基锡酸锌包覆微米氢氧化镁和羟基锡酸锌与纳米氢氧化镁混和物时的阻燃、抑烟性能;纳米材料的加入对PVC的力学性能也产生了有利的影响。     

Compatibilization of commingled plastics with maleic anhydride modified polyethylenes and ultraviolet preirradiation

The improvement of the properties of commingled plastics was carried out with a prototype blend of Mexican municipal plastic waste with and without poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Compatibilizing agents such as high‐density, low‐density, and linear low‐density polyethylenes modified with maleic anhydride were used. The agents were prepared in the laboratory with peroxide, and their usefulness was compared with that of a commercially modified linear low‐density polyethylene. The blends with PVC were preirradiated with ultraviolet radiation for 12, 24, or 48 h to create oxidized groups to help in situ compatibilization during the blending step of the reactive extrusion process. Compatibilized materials showed a markedly more homogeneous morphology with improved mechanical properties: the elongation at break and impact strength increased with the compatibilization level. The presence of PVC in commingled plastics significantly reduced the beneficial effect of the maleic anhydride modified polyethylene as a compatibilizer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Mechanochemical improvement of the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of zinc borate and zinc borate–aluminum trihydrate‐filled poly(vinyl chloride)

In this study, the effect of the high‐energy mechanical milling of a mixture of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with zinc borate (ZB) or ZB–aluminum trihydrate (ATH), a mixture of ZB and ATH, on the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of ZB and ZB–ATH filled PVC was examined. The high‐energy mechanical milling of PVC/ZB and the PVC/ZB–ATH mixture produced chemical bonding between PVC and ZB or ZB–ATH, increasing the interfacial interaction of PVC/ZB and PVC/ZB–ATH blends, which resulted in a great increase in the limiting oxygen index, the impact and yield strengths, and the elongation at break of PVC/ZB and PVC/ZB–ATH blends. The results from ultraviolet spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy show that mechanochemical modification of ZB and ZB–ATH much more effectively suppressed the release of aromatic compounds in PVC/ZB and PVC/ZB–ATH blends during burning. Mechanochemical modification provided an excellent route for the improvement of the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of flame‐retardant‐additive‐filled PVC. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 753–762, 2003     

三种微生物脱硫废乳胶及其填充天然橡胶的力学性能比较

利用三种微生物鞘氨醇单胞菌、脂环酸芽孢杆菌和酵母菌对废乳胶(WLR)进行了脱硫再生,考察了脱硫过程中微生物的生长情况以及脱硫前后WLR溶胀和交联密度的变化,并将WLR和脱硫WLR(DWLR)以不同份数填充到天然橡胶(NR)中,对比了DWLR/NR硫化胶和WLR/NR硫化胶的力学性能和交联密度。结果表明,利用鞘氨醇单胞菌脱硫的WLR溶胀值较高,交联密度较低。随着乳胶用量的增加,填充NR硫化胶的拉伸强度和交联密度逐渐降低,扯断生长率逐渐增加。DWLR/NR硫化胶的力学性能明显优于WLR/NR硫化胶,且鞘氨醇单胞菌脱硫的DWLR/NR的力学性能明显优于其它两种微生物脱硫的DWLR/NR硫化胶。     

PVC材料环保型热稳定剂的研究

研究将水滑石、水滑石和钙锌复合物作为热稳定剂,加入PVC中,在85℃真空条件下劣化40 d,对其力学性能和热稳定性进行了研究,并探讨了复合稳定剂的作用效果。结果表明,热稳定剂水滑石及水滑石、钙锌复合物的加入均能较好的改善PVC的力学性能和热稳定性,且复合稳定剂的作用效果比水滑石单独使用更好,虽然断裂伸长率有所降低,但断裂强度有所增强。     

软质PVC鞋底发泡材料的研制

以软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）为主体材料，加入发泡剂偶氮二碳酰胺（AC）、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）、柠朦酸、丁腈橡胶（NBR）、泡孔调节剂等，采用一步法模压成型软质PVC鞋底发泡材料。研究AC，DCP、柠朦酸、NBR、泡孔调节剂用量对软质PVC发泡材料密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明，在AC4．0份、DCP0．2份、柠朦酸0．2份、NBR40．0份、泡孔调节剂11.0份时，发泡材料性能优异，其密度和力学性能满足软质PVC鞋底发泡材料的要求。     

Performance of hybrid reinforcements in PVC composites. II: Use of surface-modified mica and different cellulosic materials as reinforcements

The effect of the composition of various wood fibers and surface-treated mica as well as different surface treatments of cellulosic materials on the mechanical properties of PVC composites has been evaluated. Cellulosics were surface modified by prior coating with maleic andydride (MA), mixtures of MA and Na-silicate and isocyanate. The filler concentration was fixed at 25 wt%. Both tensile strength and modulus of composities filled solely with mica are superior to those of non-treated wood fiber-filled composities. while the reverse is true for impact strength (except for bagasse-filled composities), ultimate elongation, and tensile toughness. Moreover, the mechanical properties of composities, with the exception of modulus, filled only with mica and/or non-treated wood fibers are inferior to those of unfilled PVC. Compared to non-treated fiber-filled composites, properties improved when surface-modified wood fibers were used alone, or along with mica. Isocyanate-coated wood fibers ranked best with regard to the mechanical properties of the composities. Properties also changed with the change of wood species and compositions of mica and wood fibers. Experimental results indicate good compatibility between surface-treated wood fibers/mica and PVC composities.     

Effect of the various coupling agents on the mechanical and physical properties of thermoplastic‐bagasse fiber composites

Various types of bonding agents have been tried with blends of bagasse fibers and some thermoplastics such as low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These bonding agents are, namely, pentaerythritol tetracrylate (PETA), 1,6 hexandiol diacrylate (HDA), and dicumyl peroxide (DCP). In addition, a traditional coupling agents 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (AMPS) and di‐aminopropyltrimetoxy silane (DAMPS) were included for comparison. Electron beam (EB) irradiation is applied only for LDPE and HDPE at 40 and 10 kGy, respectively, before mixing with bagasse fibers. The data obtained reveal that incorporation of bonding agents remarkably increases the mechanical properties for all samples under investigation; the maximum improvement is observed in LDPE followed by HDPE, PP, PS, and PVC composites. Also, the physical properties enhanced but not at the same degree as mechanical properties. Among the tested bonding agents, it was found that PETA, DCP followed by DAMPS have highest efficiency in LDPE, whereas in case of HDPE, EB radiation was higher than PETA followed by DCP. PETA was superior in case of PS composites. Furthermore, PETA and HDA experienced higher efficiency than DAMPS and AMPS in case of PP and PVC composites. Comparison between the properties of thermoplastic composites and medium density fiberboard (MDF) reveals that most of the properties of thermoplastics composites are better than MDF. However, modulus of rupture of MDF was found to be slightly higher than thermoplastics except for PVC composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers