不同类型过载下Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹的扩展行为

研究了Ⅱ、Ⅲ型过载对Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响并与Ⅰ型过载进行比较．结果表明：单周Ⅱ、Ⅲ型过载也延迟了其后的Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹扩展，但作用程度小于Ⅰ型过载；过载延迟效应随过载时基础载荷的降低和过载比的加大而增强，在近门槛区过载表现为疲劳裂纹扩展停止、疲劳门槛提高，在高基础载荷过载时疲劳裂纹则延缓、减速扩展．过载延迟行为主要由裂尖尾迹塑性诱导裂纹闭合和裂尖附近残余压应力状态引起。     

双轴加载条件下疲劳裂纹扩展的研究

在双轴加载条件下对Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹扩展进行了研究。载荷范围从0.08σ_s到0.71σ_3,包括比例加载和非比例加载。基于对Von Mises理论的讨论,提出一个新的力学参数。双轴加载条件下的弹塑性参数P成功地描述了双轴比例加载和非比例加载下的疲劳裂纹扩展。     

X80大应变钢管焊接接头的疲劳性能北大核心CSCD

采用MTS landmark 370型液压伺服动静疲劳拉伸试验机研究了应力比(R=σmin/σmax)为0.1时X80大应变管线钢焊接接头的拉拉疲劳寿命;并采用显微硬度计和扫描电镜对焊接接头的硬度及疲劳断口进行了分析。结果表明:焊接接头的疲劳寿命显著低于母材;疲劳裂纹均萌生在焊缝熔合线处;裂纹沿热影响区向内扩展,当裂纹扩展到一定程度时,裂纹沿热影响区快速开裂。焊缝金属咬边所形成的夹杂物、焊缝的应力集中及热影响区性能恶化是疲劳裂纹萌生及快速扩展的原因。     

X80大应变钢管焊接接头的疲劳性能

采用MTS landmark 370型液压伺服动静疲劳拉伸试验机研究了应力比(R=σmin/σmax)为0.1时X80大应变管线钢焊接接头的拉拉疲劳寿命;并采用显微硬度计和扫描电镜对焊接接头的硬度及疲劳断口进行了分析。结果表明:焊接接头的疲劳寿命显著低于母材;疲劳裂纹均萌生在焊缝熔合线处;裂纹沿热影响区向内扩展,当裂纹扩展到一定程度时,裂纹沿热影响区快速开裂。焊缝金属咬边所形成的夹杂物、焊缝的应力集中及热影响区性能恶化是疲劳裂纹萌生及快速扩展的原因。     

X80管线钢焊接热模拟热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展行为的分析及预测

通过焊接热模拟方法对X80双相管线钢不同焊接热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了研究,并分析实际焊接试样与焊接热模拟试样的热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展行为的差异,讨论了焊接热模拟技术应用于疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测的可行性。结果表明,当裂纹在粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)和临界热影响区(ICHAZ)上扩展时,由实际焊接试样与焊接热模拟试样热影响区所测得的疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线(da/dN-DK曲线)存在明显差异,其原因与显微组织变化引起的裂纹扩展阻力大小不同有关。因此,建议采用实际焊接试样完整的热影响区所测得的da/dN-DK曲线来评估疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。     

气孔对铝合金焊接接头超长疲劳寿命的影响

采用超声疲劳试验方法对铝合金5052-H32焊接接头进行疲劳试验,研究其在超长寿命区间(107~109周次)的疲劳强度及失效机理.结果表明,相同疲劳寿命下焊接接头疲劳强度较母材下降了73.3%,在超高周疲劳区间仍然会发生疲劳破坏;断口观察发现焊接缺陷(气孔)是诱发疲劳裂纹萌生的主要原因.为揭示焊接缺陷对焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展的影响,采用有限元技术分析了气孔对应力集中系数和裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响.最后讨论了焊接缺陷对疲劳寿命的影响机制及裂纹扩展特性.     

含焊接缺陷的30CrMnSiNi2A钢焊接件的疲劳寿命估算

本文分析了焊接缺陷对超高强度钢３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ焊接件疲劳寿命的影响，给出了定理评估含焊接缺陷的焊接件疲劳性能的方法，焊接缺陷可分成类裂纹型和非裂纹型两类，前者的作用与裂纹相当，含这类缺陷的焊接件寿命近似等于裂纹扩展寿命；后者的作用则类似缺口，含这类缺陷的焊接件寿命为裂纹起始与扩展寿命之和，裂纹扩展寿命可用断裂力学的方法计算，始裂寿命则可用材料的始裂寿命公式计算，但在计算中要考虑表面状态修正     

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 利用实验测定和有限元模拟计算分析方法,研究了过载对铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。通过测定疲劳裂纹扩展速率和裂纹尖端塑性区半径计算,结果表明过载使裂纹尖端产生较大的塑性区,而导致裂纹在过载后一段时间内停止扩展,即过载对铝合金的裂纹扩展有延迟效应。     

MIXED MODE SCC OF 18-8 STAINLESS STEEL IN 42％ MgC1_2 SOLUTION

本文用单轴拉伸中心斜裂纹平板试样对18-8不锈钢/42％MgCl_2(沸)进行了一系列复合型应力腐蚀试验。结果表明,复合型加载条件下,应力腐蚀开裂方向与裂端最大正应力面方向一致;但是应力腐蚀裂纹起始扩展的临界抗力却随K_Ⅱ/K_Ⅰ值增大而降低。根据阳极溶解型应力腐蚀的“滑移 溶解”机制,本文从复合型加载比对裂端应力状态及塑性变形程度的影响就上述结果进行了讨论,并指出:在断裂分析中简单地使用Ⅰ型测试结果,并把复合型裂纹当作Ⅰ型裂纹处理是不安全的。     

18-8不锈钢/42％MgCl_2(沸)复合型应力腐蚀研究SCIEI

本文用单轴拉伸中心斜裂纹平板试样对18-8不锈钢/42％MgCl_2(沸)进行了一系列复合型应力腐蚀试验。结果表明,复合型加载条件下,应力腐蚀开裂方向与裂端最大正应力面方向一致;但是应力腐蚀裂纹起始扩展的临界抗力却随K_Ⅱ/K_Ⅰ值增大而降低。根据阳极溶解型应力腐蚀的“滑移溶解”机制,本文从复合型加载比对裂端应力状态及塑性变形程度的影响就上述结果进行了讨论,并指出:在断裂分析中简单地使用Ⅰ型测试结果,并把复合型裂纹当作Ⅰ型裂纹处理是不安全的。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.