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介绍城市消防车辆布局评估方法和优化配置方法.评估沈阳市消防车辆布局,认为常态下,沈阳市消防车辆布局合理.在计算分析震后灭火扑救行动时间的基础上提出避免救援出动延迟的消防车辆优化布局配置方案.通过消防资源优化配置方案,沈阳市评级为合理或基本合理的被保护建筑比例为81.2%,在地震次生火灾处置中,沈阳市消防车辆装备布局趋近合理. 相似文献
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地震次生火灾计算机仿真研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文将离散事件系统仿真技术引入到地震次生火灾的研究之中,通过对历史震例的分析研究,确定了地震次生火灾发生概率模型中的具体参数。在大量火灾案例的统计分析基础上,建立了火灾扑救各阶段的持续时间仿真模型。最后通过实际算例分析了城市在次生火灾影响下的基本状态。 相似文献
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大跨度的钢结构建筑应用广泛,但发生火灾时,火势蔓延迅速、建筑易坍塌、烟热易聚集,扑救难度大,易造成消防指战员伤亡.本文针对钢结构建筑火灾的特点,提出了钢结构建筑火灾的有效扑救措施和策略,为消防指战员应对此类火灾总结了安全行动要点. 相似文献
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随着城市旧城区改造速度的不断加快,受土地资源限制和利润最大化驱使,以高层居住建筑为主的居住小区数量急剧增加。高层居住建筑疏散、扑救以及灾后处理难度大。因此,对高层住宅物业消防管理进行研究十分有必要。 相似文献
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随着保温材料在建筑工程中的广泛应用,由保温材料引起的火灾或由于火灾而引发保温材料着火的案例不断增多.而保温材料的燃烧特性和施工工艺决定了该材料一旦着火,火灾较难扑救且易造成人员伤亡.因此研究制定合理的扑救保温材料火灾的战术方法,对快速扑救此类火灾具有重要的意义.本文首先调查分析了目前应用于建筑工程中的主要保温材料的种类、主要的施工工艺,分析了保温材料火灾的危害性及其对灭火救援的影响.针对保温材料火灾的特点和目前消防部队的装备力量,制定了此类火灾扑救应该注意的问题,其中还涉及到了一些新型装备的使用.本文的研究完成旨在总结保温材料火灾扑救的先进经验、成功方法以及存在的不足,为消防部队预防和扑救保温材料火灾提供有价值的参考和借鉴. 相似文献
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智慧消防是智慧城市建设的重要组成部分,在消防工作创新发展中发挥重要作用。灭火器作为扑救初期火灾的最普遍、最便捷和最广泛使用的灭火设施,在初期火灾的扑救和火灾防控中发挥重要的作用,其有效性和完好性是扑救初期火灾的必要条件。基于物联网及大数据的优势,建立消防灭火设施的定位与有效性辨识系统,并介绍系统的关键技术、网络架构、技术特征。此系统可对灭火器等消防灭火设施的伺应状态、完好性、有效性等功能特性进行跟踪巡检和辨识,以实现对灭火器的实时监控和智能化管理,促进消防设施建设的完善和优化,增强灭火系统的可靠性,充分发挥智慧消防技术在智慧城市建设中的优势。 相似文献
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李生辉 《消防技术与产品信息》2010,(7):26-28
消防扑救面对举高消防车靠近高层建筑开展作业、消防队员成功实施灭火和抢救被困人员具有十分重要的作用。本文从高层民用建筑消防扑救面的平面设置、空间设置、消防车道的设置等方面作了探讨。 相似文献
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Relative to other cities in Japan, Kyoto contains an outstanding agglomeration of historic buildings. These historic buildings are crucial for maintaining Kyoto’s irregular ranking as a historical city. However, several active faults occur near Kyoto that could cause severe seismic damage to the city. Thus, post-earthquake fire is one of the most threatening potential disasters that could destroy Kyoto’s invaluable historic buildings. Here, the post-earthquake fire safety of 2,131 historic buildings in the city of Kyoto was analyzed. This analysis was conducted by Monte Carlo simulation with a physics-based urban fire spread model that was formerly developed by the author. This scenario assumes the three following exclusive events that lead to the burn-down of historic buildings: (I) the ignition in the vicinity of the target historic building; (II) inadequate firefighting activity during the initial stage of the fire; and (III) the occurrence of widespread fire in urban areas following ignition. In general, the post-earthquake fire safety of designated and registered historic buildings was greater than that of undesignated and unregistered historic buildings. In addition, in the worst case scenario, 30% of the national treasures and important cultural properties would be damaged in the center of Kyoto city. 相似文献
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为研究消防队扑救传统村落木结构建筑火灾的成功概率及火灾下建筑构件剩余承载时间,结合消防队介入模型(FBIM)和Benichou模型确定消防队灭火成功概率,在此基础上利用Monte Carlo模拟分析相关参数不确定性的影响,最终得到灭火救援成功概率和介入时构件的剩余承载时间。使用上述方法分析了某传统村落典型木结构民居,在实测交通流数据和消防队业务训练数据的基础上,计算得到灭火成功概率和构件剩余承载时间的概率分布,结果表明:由于木结构民居轰燃时间较短、消防行车距离较远,该村落的灭火成功概率仅44.5%,消防队到达时,楼板剩余承载时间不到5 min。从灭火救援角度考虑,提出了应缩短消防行车距离、增设微型消防站以提升灭火救援成功率的改进措施。 相似文献
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《Structure and Infrastructure Engineering》2013,9(2):199-210
A discrete event simulation model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of key post-earthquake water supply restoration strategies that the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) plans to use following a major earthquake. The strategies are: (1) maximising the groundwater pumped into the system, (2) connecting raw water emergency storage reservoirs, (3) rationing water use, and (4) all three. For each of five realistic earthquake scenarios the restoration with and without implementation of the key restoration strategies are compared. The results suggest that opening the reservoirs and rationing are effective post-earthquake restoration strategies that would help to minimise the water outages. 相似文献
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In this study, a post-earthquake fire simulation method considering the seismic damage of sprinkler systems is proposed to quantitatively assess the impact of the spread of fire owing to such damage. First, a modeling approach is designed to convert a building information model (BIM) to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, thereby creating a high-fidelity model of a building and its sprinkler system in the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) program. Second, a probabilistic method for predicting the seismic damage of sprinkler components (including pipes and drops) is developed according to the next-generation performance-based design method in the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P-58 report. Finally, using the seismic damage of the components, a prediction method is proposed to assess the overall seismic damage of the sprinkler system based on a tree data structure. A post-earthquake fire simulation of a six-story dormitory building is performed using the proposed method. The results indicate the level of effect that the seismic damage of the sprinkler system will have on the spreading of a post-earthquake fire. The outcome of this study provides an important practical method for quantitatively assessing the effect of the seismic damage of sprinkler systems on a post-earthquake fire. 相似文献
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基于构件的震后火灾试验无法全面真实反映整体结构历经地震损伤后局部构件的受火性能,采用ABAQUS软件建立不同损伤组合下的钢混框架有限元模型,并将多尺度建模方法与抗火混合模拟相结合,研究不同建模方式的计算结果差异、不同损伤组合对结构耐火极限的影响,以及抗火混合模拟评估结构震后火灾性能的适用性。结论表明:相对微观单元模型,多尺度单元模型的计算时间在裂缝损伤下和裂缝与剥落共同作用损伤下分别缩短68%和61%,裂缝与剥落共同作用损伤较裂缝损伤耐火极限降低22%,由于考虑了边界条件的变化,抗火混合模拟能够通过局部构件试验反映整体结构的震后抗火性能。 相似文献
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自20世纪60年代以来,互联网得到了全面推广和应用,在全民消防意识不断升高、互联网不断普及的背景下,消防部门要想提高火灾救援效率,就必须将消防灭火工作与互联网技术进行全面融合。将“全民救援”与报警工作、出警途中的救援工作进行对接,这样不但可以避免火灾事故的发生,还有助于提高救火效率。对此,文章就如何基于“互联网+”下构建全民消防灭火救援机制进行了重点分析。 相似文献