Optimization of electroflocculation of yarns

The empirical equation obtained can be used for designing a flocculated yarn with a given nap cover density. The optimum values of the process parameters for applying nap established as a result of the studies can be the basis for RFPs for designing and manufacturing the unit and process for electroflocculation of yarns.     

超细三氧化二锑水萃液电导率测定方法的探讨

对超细三氧化二锑水萃液电导率的测定条件进行了研究,提出了超细三氧化二锑水萃液电导率测定方法为：料液比10／100,振荡器振荡30min,静置lOmin使样品分层,电导电极棒置于澄清液中部,5min后读数,测定电导率。测定结果标准偏差O．028,检出限0．084g·mL-1,表明该方法准确可靠。     

提高日用瓷釉面光泽度的途径

本文根据我厂大件扁平产品釉面光泽度差的问题进行了全面分析,研究研制出在１２５０－１３３０℃烧成的高光泽日用瓷与方,解决了大件扁平产品釉面光泽度差的问题,并探讨了主要原料在釉料中的作用及用量范围。     

Use of graphs for formalizing the laws of functioning of loading-unloading devices

The example of defining a law for operation of a stacking conveyor demonstrates the possibility of a language for algorithm graphs. This language is sufficiently universal and can be used for describing a law for operation of a wide class of manipulators and other similar devices, and it is sufficiently graphic. The algorithm graphs allow accurately, with all necessary details but at the same time concisely, describing any microprogram for operating manipulators and revealing its logical imperfection with both heuristic and formal methods of the theory of graphs. The algorithm graphs obtained can be used as the basis for developing a computer program in any both high- and low-level algorithm language.     

Comparison of methods of predicting the higher thermal combustion of coal

Formulas for predicting the higher heat of combustion of coal on the basis of technical analysis (the yield of volatiles), elementary analysis, and petrographic analysis are verified. It is found that the formulas are only valid for the samples used in their derivation. Statistical analysis of data for coal from the Donetsk and Lvov-Volynsk basins shows that the higher heat of combustion of such coal is most accurately described by a mathematical formula in which the predictors are petrographic characteristics of the initial coal components, including the reflection coefficient of vitrinite. The mean higher heat of combustion may be determined for vitrinite at different metamorphic stages (for ranks from D to T) and also for liptinite and the sum of fusinized (lean) components in Ukrainian Donetsk and Lvov-Volynsk coal.     

三种脂肪酸乙酯声速的实验测量与理论估算

生物燃料作为化石燃料的替代物越来越受到人们的关注,脂肪酸乙酯（FAEEs）是生物燃料中的重要成分。为了获取生物燃料组分的物性参数,补充现有数据不足,利用布里渊散射法对3种脂肪酸乙酯的声速进行了测量,测量温度范围为293.15~473.15 K,压力为0.1 MPa。为方便工程应用,实验数据被拟合成温度的函数,实验值与关联式计算值的相对偏差绝对平均值为：0.13%（己酸乙酯）、0.11%（庚酸乙酯）、0.08%（辛酸乙酯）。实验数据也被用来评估两种生物燃料声速预测方法,结果表明,Wada模型优于Auerbach模型,更适合脂肪酸乙酯的声速预测。     

Sedimentation of suspensions of particles of two or more sizes

A simple model is developed for the sedimentation of particles of mixed sizes and is tested experimentally for binary systems. A correction factor has been determined to allow for the interactions between particles settling at ditterent velocities.     

Electrodialysis of effluents from treatment of metallic surfaces

Electrodialysis is applied for treatment of effluents from washing after galvanization, and specifically from washing after nickel galvanization. This method is useful for recovery of galvanization reagents used in various processes. Electrodialysis seems to be applicable for treatment of effluents from washing after cyanide galvanization or galvanization with other substances.For the purpose of establishing a closed system for the effluents discharged during the treatment processes for metallic surfaces, techniques for industrialization of electrodialysis have been developed not only for the recovery of useful components, but also for recycled use of water. Industrialization of electrodialysis is expected in the near future. In order to establish these techniques, technical development is needed not only in ion-exchange membranes and electrodialyzers, but also in systematized processes, including all related techniques such as pretreatments.     

成套技术出口工程项目设计经理职能探讨

通过参与向东南亚某国首次出口我国较大型成套化工技术和实施工程总承包项目管理的工作回顾,概要提出设计管理的一些共性原则和观点,抛砖引玉,供同行研讨和专家赐教,以期缩短向国际型工程公司迈进的历程,加快与国际接轨的步伐。     

Comparative Analysis of the Kinetics of Drying of Disperse Polymers Using Mathematical Models

A comparative analysis of the kinetics showed that the duration of drying anid from beginning to acceptable moisture content is less than for polycaproamide; for example, in conditions of drying in a nitrogen current with a temperature of 140°C and rate of movement of 0.3 m/sec, the drying time for anid is approximately 28% less. As a consequence, for the same efficiency, the dryer for anid can have smaller geometric dimensions than the dryer for polycaproamide with all other conditions being equal.     

发展甲醇 实施碳铵企业产品结构调整

概述了碳铵企业进行产品结构调整的迫切性。叙述了碳铵企业产品结构调整的方案,介绍了主体系统实施改造的技术以及有关回收气体和甲醇、氨延伸产品的生产技术。     

Use of velocity of sound in predicting thermodynamic properties of dense fluids from cubic equations of state

In this paper it has been shown that velocity of sound data may be used to obtain constants of a cubic equation of state and then thermodynamic properties can be accurately calculated through the constants extracted from sonic velocity data. Results are presented for estimation of heat capacities, enthalpies, vapor pressures and compressibility factors of some pure vapor and liquid compounds as well as some binary mixtures for pressures up to 100 MPa and temperatures up to 600 K for hydrocarbons from methane to hexadecane. The method will be useful for those mixtures containing heavy compounds for which accurate data on critical constants are not available, but for which the sonic velocity can be measured.     

曲妥珠单克隆抗体生物学活性检测方法的建立及比较

目的建立4种检测曲妥珠单克隆抗体Trastuzumab生物学活性的方法,并进行比较。方法利用表面等离子共振技术(Surface plasmob resonance,SPR)建立Trastuzumab的BIAcore分析方法,同时建立抗体对人乳腺癌SKBR3细胞增殖抑制活性的检测方法、基于SKBR3细胞的抗体结合特性检测方法及抗体与ErbB2抗原结合活性的ELISA检测方法,验证各方法的重复性,并对不同检测方法进行比较。结果 BIAcore法的偶联最佳pH值为5.0,样品浓度为0.05～5.00 nmol/L,动力学常数(KD)为0.19 nmol/L;Trastuzumab体外抑制SKBR3细胞增殖的半数有效浓度(EC50)为0.145μg/ml(R2>0.98);基于SKBR3细胞的抗体结合特性的EC50值为0.124μg/ml(R2>0.98);Trastuzumab抗体与ErbB2抗原结合活性的EC50值为0.143μg/m(lR2>0.98);4种检测方法重复性较好,检测结果基本一致。结论 4种检测方法均能有效地反映Trastuzumab的生物学活性,为快速、简便地筛选曲妥珠单克隆抗体提供了多种检测方法。     

Calculation of the Efficiency of Inertialess Flotation of Disklike Particles

The hydrodynamics of the flotation entrainment of disklike particles by a rising bubble is considered. Using stochastic methods for specifying the orientation of particles with respect to the bubble surface, analytical expressions for the particle entrainment efficiency for the potential and Stokes bubble rise patterns are obtained.     

Analysis of long-time interaction of perturbations in problems of macrokinetics

We developed an approach for the reduction of systems of nonlinear partial differential equations to the general nonlinear parabolic equation for a complex amplitude of an envelope wave. The equation is complexly derived: by using wave packages, method of many scales, modification of Mandelshtam method and taking into account group velocity of an envelope wave, that is typical for an actual nonlinear dispersive medium. We consider the features of such modeling for a system with nonlinearities occurring in the simplest model of a nonisothermal chemical reaction, in particular, of thermal autoignition and flame propagation.     

石脑油高效资源化研究进展

为了实现石脑油的高效资源化利用,需开发石脑油高效分离技术。简述了石脑油正/异构烷烃吸附分离原理及分离技术现状,介绍了新型吸附剂材料的研发进展,包括金属有机框架材料(MOFs)、沸石咪唑框架材料(ZIFs)、碳分子筛(CMS)、中空沸石分子筛等,阐述了新型吸附材料对正构烷烃的分离效果和分离机理,探讨了新型吸附剂、膜分离技术和吸附-膜分离耦合技术用于分离石脑油中正/异构烷烃的可行性,展望了新型正/异构烷烃分离技术,以期为石脑油高效资源化利用提供新途径。     

鼠细小病毒感染性滴度测定方法的建立及病毒制备

目的建立鼠细小病毒(MMV)感染性滴度测定方法,并制备高滴度的MMV,为生物制品病毒清除/灭活工艺的验证奠定基础。方法通过分析NB324K细胞接种量、培养时间及病毒吸附时间等参数,建立MMV病毒滴度测定的半数细胞感染剂量法(CCID5)0,并分析其精密性;以A9细胞制备MMV,分析感染复数(MOI)、收获时间及收获样本对病毒滴度的影响,并检测病毒的稳定性。结果NB324K细胞的最佳接种浓度、培养时间及病毒吸附时间分别为5×103个/孔、48h及2h,所建立的检测方法精密性较好;A9细胞沉淀中病毒滴度高于上清,且随病毒MOI值的升高而逐渐增加,在MOI为10时,感染后48h收获,病毒滴度最高。制备的病毒液的平均滴度为8.69CCID50/ml,4℃和37℃保存7d及反复冻融5次,稳定性良好。结论已建立了MMV感染性滴度测定方法,并制备了高滴度的病毒,为以MMV为指示病毒进行病毒清除/灭活工艺验证奠定了基础。     

Determination of the coefficients of static and sliding friction of refractories on steel and rubberized strip

Conclusions The investigations provided friction coefficients for sliding and static friction on steel and rubberized belting for refractories differing in chemical and mineral compositions at various stages of the production process. Numerical values for the coefficients are the original data for calculating the optimal parameters for the work of pulsating conveyers and the clamping force of the load during handling operations. Also given are typical examples for calculating the optimum values for acceleration in pulsating conveyers, the drawing force and clamping of the load by the clamps of the handling devices.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 12–16, August, 1981.     

Analysis of Freeze-Drying of Tropical Fruits

Abstract

Freeze-drying is a process recommended for drying of heat-sensitive products. Some advantages of this technique are that it allows the shrinkage and the degrading reactions in the material, which are common in conventional drying operations, to be minimized. The knowledge of drying kinetics is essential for modeling and optimization of a freeze-drying process. In this work, drying kinetics for pineapple, guava, and mango pulps were investigated using five empirical equations commonly applied for convective drying of foodstuffs. Increasing constant- and falling-rate periods were observed during the drying of such pulps. The best fittings for the drying kinetics of all the materials were obtained using the Page and Chen and Douglas equations.     

Analysis of transient thickness of pneumatic foams

This paper presents a simple, experimentally validated approach to analyze the transient formation of a foam layer produced by injecting gas bubbles into a foaming solution. Based on experimental observations, three different regimes in the transient growth of the foam have been identified as a function of the superficial gas velocity. A model based on the mass conservation equation for the gas phase in the foam combined with three different models for the average porosity is proposed. It is shown that for practical calculations a constant average porosity equal to 0.82 can be used. The model predictions show very good agreement with experimental data for low superficial gas velocity and provide an upper limit of the foam thickness for intermediate and large superficial gas velocities. The paper discusses the physical mechanisms that may occur during the foam formation and the effects of the superficial gas velocity on the foam dynamics. The present analysis speculates several mechanisms for the bursting of the bubbles at the top of the foams and proposes the framework for more fundamental and detailed studies.