极富潮流时尚的外形的诺基亚的7260

全新的键盘设计令7260显得十分吸引人。这款银白红相间版更是把那种古典的优雅与现代的潮流完美的结合在一起．从美学的角度上来看诺基亚的7260可以说得上是一款设计相当精美的艺术品，具有相当高的观赏价值。     

改进的堆的枚举算法的研究

提出一种生成所有堆的枚举算法。该算法按照从深层次向低层次的顺序生成堆,采用单个数判断法。测试结果验证了该算法的有效性和可靠性。     

适合的才是最好的

建立清晰合理的业务流程体系是ERP项目实施成功的关键因素，ERP作为一个管理工具主要提供决策支持数据及监控业务过程，而清晰合理的业务流程体系能保证ERP系统提供准确有效的数据而不是垃圾数据，同时保证业务系统更加规范，提高效率。     

基于sip的穿越NAT设备的解决方案的研究

随着数据业务的迅猛发展,NGN已经成为研究的热点.而SIP协议作为NGN中的关键协议,受到了广泛的关注,由于SIP是一种新型协议,所以在应用方面存在着很多问题.其中,在不损害网络安全性的情况下,如何使SIP信令顺利的通过NAT设备,成为热点问题.本文首先对SIP协议以及NAT技术进行了简要的介绍,然后对SIP穿越NAT设备的问题进行了详细的探讨,最后对RSIP协议进行了深入的分析.     

合适的才是最好的

这位海归CIO的经历，与业界很多失败项目的传说有诸多相似之处，某企业上了一套先进的大品牌的系统，项目往往在上线后没有了下文。如何避免出现上述案例的情形，应该注意以下几点。     

C#环境下的单片机控制的机器人的监控的通讯程序设计

单片机在机器人中有着广泛的应用,但是由于计算性能欠佳,无法完成复杂的功能,需要使用上位机对其进行监控,本文针对ZKRT-300机器人采用C#环境设计了监控程序,就通讯协议及数据处理进行了论述.     

最重要的是把负的变成正的

热闹喧嚣后的圣诞瘦街头,Reka Lorincz漫步在无人的巴塞罗那的一条小巷里,她独自伫立在橱窗前良久,端详着跳舞的圣诞老人,“为什么你只会在一年年末才来到我们的身边,然后销声匿迹一整年？那这一整年中,你都在哪里？”于是,在2004年,Reka把这些平日圣诞节过后被废弃的树、包装,甚至圣诞老人的头发,做成一系列作品。而她,也就这样走进了大众视野。     

基于软交换的SIP和MGCP的互通的研究

在软交换网络中,SIP和MGCP是两种非常重要的协议,然而,两者之间的互通也是个突出的问题.通过深入分析互通所涉及的协议转换、寻址、资源协商等关键问题的基础上,提出在媒体网关控制器实体中扩展互通功能模块的设计方案,该互通功能模块是用C语言编程实现,利用该互通功能模块建立起两个网络之间的点到点的呼叫.     

基于CSCW的网络教室的研究

本文介绍了CSCW系统中应用共享机制和并发控制理论,设计了一个运行在Windows环境下的、基于CSCW的网络教室系统.设计了系统中的网络通信方式,研究了网络教室中进行大量图像数据传送时数据的压缩处理方法.     

一类含绝对值的对数函数的对称轴方程的求法

许多资料上有这样的题目：求函数y=loga｜x-1｜（a〉0,a≠1）的对称轴方程。解题过程往往通过画图、平移研究出一般方法,即直接令x-1=0,得x=1,则直线x=1即为函数的对称轴方程。     

Incumbent business ecosystems in the face of new entry: An event study of Google's autonomous car announcement

This study investigates the value implications for an incumbent business ecosystem when an innovation is newly introduced. We theorize the different entrance modes and pathways through which the innovation can join the value co-creation structure of an incumbent ecosystem. We further theorize how the innovation entrance can affect the value appropriation arrangements among innovators and various incumbent ecosystem actors. The automobile ecosystems and Google's initial announcement of its autonomous cars serve as our empirical context. Applying our theories, we first qualitatively prescribe Google's potential actions and predict their value implications on the incumbent automobile ecosystem. Then, through an event study, we empirically validate the predictions. We observe that, on average, the incumbent actors of the automobile ecosystem benefited from Google's announcement. Moreover, car manufacturers particularly benefited from Google's attempted entry, arguably because they held critical gatekeeping positions along Google's entrance pathway. Car component manufacturers, but not other incumbent actors, were also able to benefit because of their tight integration with the gatekeepers. Our theoretical development and empirical exploration contribute to the emerging literature on ecosystem strategies by highlighting the dynamics and value implications when innovations are introduced into incumbent business ecosystems.     

Diagnostic Reasoning in the Use of Travel Management System

We explore the appropriation of a self-management administrative system from the perspective of diagnostic reasoning. The case study, based on documents, ethnography and videotapes, concerns the appropriation of a travel management system in a major university in Finland. To explore this process from a user-centric view, we focus on the diagnostic work required in the appropriation of the new system, analyzing both the generic diagnostic reasoning of how the users navigate in the system and their individual and collaborative problem-solving strategies. This approach reveals the interaction between the users and the technology, which incorporates inbuilt models of users, administrative work and work processes. Our analysis concerns interactive instances which resulted from misdiagnosis of the functions of the system. For example, the orchestration and labeling of items in the application pose diagnostic challenges to end-users and may eventually be resolved in collaboration with administrative personnel. The individual and collaborative diagnostic reasoning sheds light on the hidden organizational embeddedness of self-management solutions, providing suggestions for developing the design and deployment of administrative self-management systems. The appropriated self-management system should finally be based on the end-user’s diagnostic reasoning so that the employees can base their actions on their taken-for-granted competence and the skills gained during the appropriation of the system.     

Designing for Appropriation: A Theoretical Account

In this article, we propose a theoretical account of software appropriation as a basis for considering how to design software for appropriation. The analysis we develop is based on a holistic perspective including artifact mediation (how software acts as a mediator of users’ activities and how users develop instruments), ecologies of artifacts (taking into consideration that users use multiple artifacts), collective and work practice aspects, and technical and software engineering aspects (different forms of and approaches to software adaptation by users). It leads to an understanding that software appropriation is related to how users consider software as a mediator of their activity and turn it into an instrument for themselves based on the functional values they attribute to it. Building on this analysis, We outline a general perspective on designing for appropriation as empowering users to continue software design in use, review some principles and means, and introduce research questions for future work.     

Appropriating virtual learning environments: A study of teacher tactics

In research on Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs), it has been shown that teachers often do not explore VLEs to their full potential and only adopt a limited set of the available tools. In this article, we approach teachers’ design of VLE learning activities as end user development. We describe a study of Toledo, a virtual learning environment used across several higher education institutions in Belgium. Using a combination of a semiotic, multimodal analysis and an in-depth user study with 24 respondents, we provide a detailed account of how teachers appropriate the learning environment to suit their needs. Combining the insights from the semiotic investigation and the user research, we analyze how user appropriations can be explained as practices emerging from both how the platform communicates, and contextual factors. The study showed that some teachers design very specific learning activities using the VLE - not by using the dedicated VLE tool, but by reinterpreting more generic tools. These appropriation tactics concentrate platform use in a limited number of tools, even when teachers do use more complex learning activities. These results have implications for the design of VLEs: rather than offering a wide range of tools targeted at specific learning activities, VLEs could concentrate on providing basic communication tools that are open for appropriation.     

Older people’s production and appropriation of digital videos: an ethnographic study

While most of today’s children, young people, and adults are both consumers and producers of digital content, very little is known about older people as digital content creators. Drawing on a three-year ethnographic study, this paper reports on the digital video production and appropriation of approximately 200 older people (aged 60–85). They generated 320 videos over the course of the study. We show their motivations for engaging in digital video production, discuss their planned video making, and highlight their creativity while editing videos. We show the different meanings they ascribed to digital videos in their social appropriation of these objects, the meaningful strategies they adopted to share videos, and the impact on their perceived wellbeing. Furthermore, we outline the solutions the participants developed to overcome or cope with interaction issues they faced over time. We argue that the results portray older people as active and creative makers of digital videos with current video capturing, editing, and sharing technologies. We contend that this portrayal both encourages us to re-consider how older people should be seen within human–computer interaction and helps to frame future research/design activities that bridge the grey digital divide.     

Supporting the Collaborative Appropriation of an Open Software Ecosystem

Since the beginning of CSCW there was an intense interest for research on workplace design using tailorable applications and sharing customizations. However, in the meantime the forms of production, distribution, configuration and appropriation of software have changed fundamentally. In order to reflect these developments, we enlarge the topic of discussion beyond customizing single applications, but focusing on how people design their workplaces making use of software ecosystems. We contribute to understand the new phenomenon from within the users?? local context. By empirically studying the Eclipse software ecosystem and its appropriation, we show the improved flexibility users achieve at designing their workplaces. Further the uncovered practices demonstrate, why design strategies like mass-customization are a bad guiding principle as they just focus on the individual user. In contrast we outline an alternative design methodology based on existing CSCW approaches, but also envision where the workplace design in the age of software ecosystems has to go beyond.     

Coordination between strategic forest management and tactical logistic and production planning in the forestry supply chain

In this paper, we study the coordination mechanism in the forestry supply chain between strategic forest management and tactical production planning. We first formulate an integrated model to establish a theoretical benchmark for performance of the entire supply chain. It is a mixed integer programming model that involves harvesting, bucking, transportation, production, and sales decisions for both tactical and strategic planning levels. We then present two sequential approaches S‐A and S‐B where the coordination is done through internal pricing. S‐A is the approach currently used in practice where harvesting in the forest is the main driver of the supply chain activities and internal pricing is introduced to control bucking decision in a separate stage. In contrast, S‐B takes downstream demand information into consideration and internal pricing directly influences harvesting decision in the first stage. In order to find the appropriate setting of internal pricing that leads to the system optimum, we suggest two heuristics H‐I and H‐II. The internal pricing in H‐I is based on dual values and in H‐II, it is derived from a Lagrangian decomposition. A real‐life case study in the Chilean forestry industry is used to compare the results of different approaches. It is shown that the new sequential approach S‐B generates as good feasible solution as that obtained from the integrated approach but in much less time. Both heuristics H‐I and H‐II bring about near‐optimal feasible solutions. H‐II also provides optimistic bound of the optimal objective function value, which can be used as a measure of the solution quality.     

Making video mundane: intellectual disability and the use of camcorders

Models of disability assume that impairments have only a limiting effect on technology usage. Drawing upon the results of a year-long participant observation study of the use of camcorders by six severely intellectually disabled adults, we argue that intellectual disability (ID) affects the domestication of technology in a more complex and interwoven fashion. The observed group of ID adults attended a weekly 2-h session, organised by a local day centre, in which they would make videos at local locations. There were two main aspects of appropriation in this context. One is the role of the support worker (SW) in mediating many of their interactions due to accessibility problems with the camcorder. While these interventions by the SW allowed them to use the camcorder, they also slowed their interactions with it making them less direct. SW also guided and constrained their early encounters with the camcorders, strongly influencing the environment of appropriation. The second aspect is the way the group transformed the camcorder into two tools during the course of the study: an ‘artistic’ tool for visual exploration, and a ‘social’ tool that participated in the group’s social activities. These appropriations are very different to anything reported in the literature on mainstream camcorder use. While technologists typically model disability as a set of functional limitations, we would argue for broader models that consider the wider social and support aspects of ID, recognising the different ways in which they may choose to make a technology mundane for them.     

Integration of the profit-split transfer pricing method in the design of global supply chains with a focus on offshoring context

This paper presents an optimization model for the design of global supply chains where the emphasis is made on transfer pricing for both tangible and intangible elements. We adopt the profit split transfer pricing method which is dictated by OECD guidelines and may be accepted by fiscal authorities. The proposed model is particularly suited for the offshoring context. In addition to transfer pricing, the model integrates several relevant decisions such as the location of tangible and intangible activities. Intangible activities refer to R&D and supplier management. Experimental analyses are conducted in order to prove the feasibility and the solvability of the model and to show the impacts of transfer pricing on supply chain decisions and profits.     

Applying adaptive swarm intelligence technology with structuration in web-based collaborative learning

One of the key challenges in the promotion of web-based learning is the development of effective collaborative learning environments. We posit that the structuration process strongly influences the effectiveness of technology used in web-based collaborative learning activities. In this paper, we propose an ant swarm collaborative learning (ASCL) environment based on a swarm intelligence system (SIS) that structures opportunities for effective collaboration and learning in a dynamic way. The results of our experiments indicate that: (1) the self-organizing behavior of SIS is positively associated with system appropriation; (2) the multi-agent-based mechanism of SIS is positively associated with system appropriation; (3) the cohesive capability of SIS is positively associated with system appropriation; and (4) the learner’s tendency toward system appropriation is positively associated with learning effectiveness. Our findings also show that learners in an ASCL environment outperform their counterparts in a general web-based learning (GWL) environment. We conclude that different types of technological support can influence the achievement in a web-based learning environment.