智能数字传送器设计

在PC机与多个单片机的串行通信基础上,从硬件和软件两方面完成了智能数字传送器的设计.智能数字传送器实现的是一台上位机(PC)机和8台下位机(单片机)的串行通信,上位机软件采用Visual Basic编程,作出十分直观的人机界面,并通过串行口将下位机的数据传送给上位机,上位机可作出应答信号,同时上位机(PC)机可向下位机(单片机)发出数据请求.系统具有对数据的修改,显示和报警等功能,目前在工业控制领域中应用非常广泛.     

Intellectual Computers as a Tool for Investigation and Solution of Scientific and Technical Problems

The state of the art in the development of advanced supercomputers is considered, spheres of utilization of supercomputers are analyzed, and difficulties arising during computer solution of scientific and engineering problems with increasing their dimensions are described. Advantages of intelligent computers that are designed to solve scientific and engineering problems over traditional parallel MIMD-computers based on the same circuit technology are demonstrated.     

智能化计算机安全监控信息网络技术研究

为了保障计算机以及使用者信息的安全性、隐秘性,并且提高计算机的使用生命周期,需要对计算机进行安全智能监控。但采用当前的计算机安全监控技术对计算机安全进行监控时,没有设置具体的安全监控指标,无法计算出计算机安全监控的非安全因素权重,存在计算机网络可能自动泄密,无法智能监控以及监控数据误差大的问题。为此,将信息网络技术应用于计算机安全智能监控中,提出了一种基于LINUX的计算机安全智能监控方法。该方法先将计算机非安全因素进行分类,其中包括计算机网络配置,自带系统和网络病毒。然后利用SAltera EPM7128S芯片对计算机安全智能监控进行硬件构造,采用CPLD结构根据计算机非安全因素分类结果对计算机安全智能监控软件部分进行设计,软件设计中依据计算机安全智能监控失真衰减的抑制方法,实现计算机远程安全智能监控,最后根据Delphi法来建立计算机安全智能监控网络环境总体运行情况的评估指标体系,对大规模无法定量分析的计算机安全监控因素做出概率估计,以概率估计结果为依据对计算机安全智能监控的风险进行评估,从而实现对计算机安全的智能化监控。实验仿真证明,所提方法提高了计算机安全智能监控的全面性和高效性,减少了计算机安全智能监控数据传输的丢包率。     

Managing computer files via artificial intelligence approaches

Agent-oriented computing has been regarded as a very promising methodology to developing intelligent software systems. Intelligent agent technology has, thus, been successfully applied in many industrial and commercial areas. Cased based reasoning (CBR) is an effective and efficient analogical reasoning method for solving problems using the knowledge of past experiences, which are stored in a knowledge base as cases. CBR has been extensively employed to tackle such problems as design, planning, classification, and advising in many different application fields. On the other hand, as various files are created on computers, how to efficiently manage computer files becomes a significant issue. So far, there are a number of file management systems available. However, none of them can deal with these crucial problems of file management: Which files should be deleted after their use? Which files should be temporarily kept or permanently preserved? To the best of our knowledge, these problems have not yet been investigated in the open literature. To bridge this gap, in this paper we explore the value of the above artificial intelligence approaches in managing computer files. We develop an intelligent agent based personal file management system, where CBR is employed to guide users to managing their files. Through extensive practical experiments, we validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed system.     

主机和网络设备：分类,产品及其容错问题

本文针对计算机通信网络（计算机网络）中的主机和主要网络设备（包括集线器、路由器和交换机）的大量现有产品，提出了多种分类方法。按不同的分类法对设备进行分类，既有利于深刻理解它们的工作原理，掌握其结构上的特点，又有利于新产品的研制。文章还讨论了提高网络可信性所必须解决的如下容错问题：计算机网络可信性评估与分配、网络节点计算机的容错结构、容错计算机在网络中的应用实例分析、网络软件的实时容错结构以及网络通信协议及其容错机制。     

Communications and the personal computer

Communication between personal computers and other computers is a rapidly developing area of computing. The paper provides an overview of the many alternatives currently available for implementing communications on personal computers. The techniques covered include asynchronous and synchronous techniques, terminal emulations, workstation replacement, disc emulators, data concentrators and techniques peculiar to personal computers themselves. Consideration is also given to some of the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, the problems of using imported personal computer software and hardware, and of attaching personal computers to British Telecom lines. The likely factors affecting the future development of personal computer communications are also discussed.     

矛盾信息特征提取研究

把矛盾问题处理为相容问题是计算机智能化水平的重要体现,也是人工智能面临的重要问题之一。本文从信息处理的智能化角度出发,研究矛盾问题中矛盾信息的特征提取。本研究为利用计算机辅助解决矛盾问题提供了可行的工具,为提高计算机智能化水平创造了基础条件。     

Inparcom-16: An intelligent workstation

The conception of MIMD computers is considered from the viewpoint of automatic analysis of characteristics of engineering and scientific problems with approximate initial data, development of parallel computational algorithms and programs, solution of problems, and estimation of the reliability of computer solutions. The conception was experimentally tested on the Inparcom-16 workstation. This workstation consists of a host system (two host computers) and 16 processing nodes that use Xeon (3.2 GHz, 64 bit), a communication environment that consists of Gigabit Ethernet, Infiniband, and a hypercube. Programming languages are C, C++, and Fortran. The tests proved the reliability and implementability of the conception of creating an intelligent computer. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 3, pp. 151–155, May–June 2007.     

Targets and results from phase one and two of the fifth generation computer systems study

This article presents an introduction to the fifth generation computer systems.

Fifth generation computers are under development to meet the knowledge information processing needs for the advanced information-oriented society of the 1990s. This clearly requires overcoming the technical limitations of conventional computers. A fifth generation computer requires problem solving and inference functions for inference of solutions to problems from accumulated knowledge, knowledge base management functions for acquirement and retrieval of knowledge, intelligent interface functions for fluent conversations using natural language, drawings, images, etc., and intelligent programming functions for automatic conversion of problem specifications submitted in natural language, drawing etc., into efficient programs.

Fifth generation computers with these functions will have far-reaching impact finding applications in all areas of industry and society. However, research and development (R&D) of these computers requires an extremely wide variety of leading-edge technology, and the risks are high. Accordingly, a long-term R&D plan was established for this project that extends over ten years with the initial stage lasting from 1982 to 1984, the intermediate stage from 1985 to 1988, and the final stage will begin in 1989 and the project will end in 1991.     

利用智能引导和KDML增强可拓模型人机建模能力研究

为了利用计算机协助人们建立待求解问题的可拓模型,必须让计算机识别用自然语言描述的问题,而且要理解问题的含义,这是相当困难的任务。本文提出利用人机界面Agent的智能引导并结合知网（HowNet）中的知识系统描述语言（KDML）,增强计算机语义处理能力的方法。以求职问题为实践的结果说明了方法的有效性。由于KDML有较强的表示语义信息的作用,通过人机交互也能减轻计算机自然语言理解的困难。因此该方法能将自然语言描述的待求解问题的目标和条件进行分离和形式化,使计算机更有效地建立待求解问题的可拓模型。     

CAL innovation as viewed by purchasers of computer software in secondary schools

Abstract The use of computers in secondary schools has increased over recent years, but there is still a large number of teachers who do not make use of computers in their teaching. There are problems and challenges associated with the implementation of any innovation; the nature of computer technology and the way it has been introduced to schools have resulted in the creation of further, specific questions and difficulties.
This paper includes an examination of the issues relating to the introduction of computers through an investigation of teachers who have bought educational computer software and from a study of related literature. These issues have been examined within an attempt to discover patterns in relation to the use of educational software, and to derive strategies which may be used in encouraging wider use of computers in secondary education.     

软件程序模拟执行系统的智能化应用

软件是计算机主要构成之一,软件系统功能决定着整个计算机的操作性能,也是用户完成指令任务的主要操作工具。本文根据计算机智能化改造背景,总结了软件程序运行存在的问题,分析了软件模拟执行系统的智能化应用方法。     

计算机软件安全检测存在问题及方法探讨

伴随着全球科学技术的发展,计算机逐渐成为人们生活中的一部分,给人们生活、学习、工作带来了极大的方便。软件的应用给计算机增添了无比强大的功能,使计算机能够满足多方面的需求。目前,人们对计算机的应用主要建立在软件上,因此计算机软件的应用范围越来越广泛。而软件的是否安全直接影响到计算机的性能。本人根据个人对计算机的了解和收集的资料从计算机软件安全检测的概述出发,阐述了在计算机软件安全检测中需要注意问题以及对计算机软件安全检测的方法进行探讨,希望从某些方面能对用户带来一点帮助。     

Concurrent Programming Technologies and Techniques

Intensive use of computer experiments in modern science introduces qualitative changes into experimental resources. This implies the change in techniques used to solve relevant problems. An analysis of technological chains (from the problem statement to its solution) shows that often a particular problem can be solved in a variety of ways with the use of modern multiprocessor computers, which are also called supercomputers. The multiplicity of approaches to solving a problem requires that researches possess certain skills in using supercomputers. It is difficult for novice users of multiprocessor computers to find bearings when developing software for solving applied problems. The practice shows that main difficulties reveal themselves when it is required to develop portable and efficient parallel software. This is because tools that facilitate the development and provide full access to debugging information have yet to be elaborated. Actually, the problem is in the absence of standards for development and debugging tools for supercomputers, which is explained by the fact that computer science is yet young. For the same reason, no logically complete basic texts for concurrent programming courses for novices are available. On the basis of Russian-language literature, an attempt is made at setting up beacons that mark certain common and promising technologies in using supercomputers. The emphasis is made on problems encountered by programmers when solving applied problems with the use of supercomputers. The development of multiprocessor computers is closely related to concurrent programming technologies, both universal and oriented to specific supercomputer architectures. By programming technology, i.e., by memory management, we mean the use of tools designed for managing a particular computer system. It should be noted that when developing software for supercomputers (both management software and programs for solving applied problems), one must pay special attention to programming technique, i.e., to designing the logical architecture of a program. This implies the development and extending parallelizing algorithms, which enhances the efficiency of execution on multiprocessor computers. This review was compiled on the basis of publications in Russian journals and in the Russian Internet zone.     

Computer use in Korean schools: Instruction and administration

Computer use in education is now commonly practiced and becoming increasingly important in educational endeavors. The success of school computer education depends on how schools implement computers. However, little up-to-date information is available on the use of computers in Korean schools. The purpose of this research was to investigate the present status of computer use for instruction and administration in Korean schools. To serve this purpose, a survey was conducted in December 1994. Overall, Korean schools have a relatively large amount of hardware and software due to strong governmental support. However, while the quantity of hardware and software abounds, problems exist in hardware function, software distribution, teacher training, and school policy on computer education. Data collected in these initial stages of educational computer use in Korea will be useful to guide the Ministry of Education's policy towards computer education.     

异构计算机软件移植可视化仿真技术研究

针对控制系统开发中程序调试难的问题，分析了计算机体系结构和指令系统，研究异构计算机软件移植可视化仿真技术，并设计了软件移植的可视化仿真系统。实验表明，该方法能解决异构机之间软件兼容和移植问题，提高了控制系统开发的效率。     

Sensory-augmented computing: wearing the museum's guide

Personal computers have not lived up to their name. Most machines sit on a desk and interact with users for only a small fraction of the day. Notebook computers have become smaller and faster, enabling mobility but the same staid user paradigm persists. Typically you must stop everything you're doing, use both hands, and give the computer your full attention. Wearable computing is poised to shatter our preconceptions of how we should use a computer. A personal computer should be worn like eyeglasses or clothing and continuously interact with the user on the basis of context. With heads-up (head-mounted) displays, unobtrusive input devices, personal wireless local area networks, and a host of other context-sensing and communication tools, wearable computers may act as intelligent assistants. It is argued that a wearable computing device that perceives its surroundings and presents multimedia information through a heads-up display can behave like an intelligent assistant to fulfill the promise of personal computing     

Software Considerations for Microprocessors

For computers of all sizes, software has become a critical element in systems design and implementation. As dramatically as the costs of hardware have dropped, the labor-intensive costs of software have risen. In addition, there are no widely accepted and practiced techniques for controlling and estimating software development and manufacturing (size) costs, or forecasting software capability and reliability. To be sure, these problems are being addressed by software engineering, but today that is still a very primitive discipline in comparison with other computer engineering fields.     

基于BASCOM-AVR的多路数据采集系统

介绍了一种使用BASCOM-AVR软件仿真平台开发的总线型数据采集系统.包括上位机PC一台和下位机AT89c52若干.上位机通过用LabVIEW设计的软件模板控制下位机进行数据采集和测量.下位机可以单独测量也可以与上位机组成网络进行远程测量.上位机与下位机之间既可通过RS485口通讯,也可以通过USB接口通讯.     

基于通用计算机和USRP的LTE通信系统开发与实现

为了解决软件仿真不能进行真实信道环境下的性能演示、不能测量真实通信系统的传输速率与时延等方面的弊端,研究了基于通用计算机和通用软件无线电外设USRP的LTE通信系统的实现方法;对系统的基本结构与原理进行了分析;采用通用计算机与软件无线电前端相结合的方式,由通用计算机完成基带处理功能,由USRP完成基带信号的射频收发,并采用开放空中接口OAI平台作为软件架构实现数据处理与系统控制;在5 MHz系统带宽配置场景下,对所研究的LTE系统进行了软、硬件调试、测试与验证,实现了完整的LTE通信系统的功能;此外,进一步开发和实现了支持包括电脑终端和商用终端在内的多用户接入场景;测试结果表明所搭建的LTE通信系统能够与公共互联网实现互联互通,并维持较为稳定的连接.