Potential model for single-sided naturally ventilated buildings in China

The paper investigates a single-sided naturally ventilated buildings potential model considering number of factors in China. This model can be used to estimate potential of natural ventilation via local climate data and building parameters. The main goal of the model is to predict natural ventilation hours and hourly ventilation flow rate. In fluid model, formula of single-sided natural ventilation by coupling wind pressure and temperature difference was used to calculate air flow rate. Accordingly, the paper analyzed four typical cities in different climate region in China and calculated pressure difference Pascal hours (PDPH). The results show that single-sided ventilation has fewer adaptive comfort hours than two-sided ventilation and much less ventilation volume. This model provided quantitative information for early stage architectural natural ventilation design and building energy efficiency evaluation.     

顶板冷辐射加置换通风空调系统评价分析

介绍了顶板冷辐射与置换通风相结合的空调系统特点,分析了该系统在改善室内空气品质和满足人体的热舒适性方面的特点,评价了该系统的节能效果和经济性。     

Decision on optimal building energy efficiency standard in China—The case for Tianjin

This paper investigates the optimal choice of building energy efficiency (BEE) standard in the context of centralised urban district heating system in northern China. By employing a techno-economic analysis approach, we demonstrate that the current BEE standard implemented in the Chinese cities should be tightened further in order to achieve a socially optimal level. Without considering the externality costs associated with carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, current BEE standards need to be upgraded to the equivalent level of French RT2005 standard coupled with a properly designed district coal-fired Combined Heat and Power (CHP). In contrast, the equivalent efficiency standard of Swedish building code is preferably to be implemented in the case of explicit carbon emission restriction as long as the marginal cost of carbon emission (carbon price) is sufficiently high. The fuel-switching policy (from coal to natural gas) in the urban district heating system would result in significant increase in overall costs if the BEE upgrade is not taken into account simultaneously. It is also found that BEE improvements in northern Chinese cities are more cost-effective than investing in low-carbon technologies such as wind power or Carbon Capture and storage in the EU and US with regard to CO₂ emissions mitigation.     

Air flow and thermal comfort simulation studies of wind ventilated classrooms in Malaysia

A CFD software called VORTEX is used as a tool to simulate air flow and thermal comfort in naturally wind ventilated classrooms of an educational institution, which are at different locations, have different configurations and slightly differing outdoor environmental conditions. Simulations of the various classrooms are compared to get the most thermally comfortable and uncomfortable naturally ventilated classroom. An analysis of the simulations will be done, taking into consideration, among others, location of inlets and outlets and the sheltering effect of the surrounding built-up environment. Recommendations will then be made on how to improve the ventilation of the least comfortable room, based on hypothetical simulation results.     

EnergyPlus软件在置换通风设计中的应用研究

介绍了EnergyPlus软件中的置换通风模型,采用EnergyPlus辅助某办公室置换通风系统设计,并采用CFD软件模拟了室内温度分布,结果表明,EnergyPlus可以精确地预测置换通风系统负荷,系统设计能满足热舒适要求。     

冷辐射吊顶+独立新风空调系统的特点及节能分析

介绍了一种新的空调系统CRCP+DOAS,由于该系统在国外应用较为成熟,我国尚处于起步阶段,需结合自身情况,进行针对性研究应用。故从热舒适性及节能性两方面对CRCP+DOAS系统进行了分析,提出了推广该系统需要解决的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

The map of energy flow in HVAC systems

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are the most energy consuming building services representing approximately half of the final energy use in the building sector and between one tenth and one fifth of the energy consumption in developed countries. Despite their significant energy use, there is a lack of a consistent and homogeneous framework to efficiently guide research and energy policies, mainly due to the complexity and variety of HVAC systems but also to insufficient rigour in their energy analysis. This paper reviews energy related aspects of HVAC systems with the aim of establishing a common ground for the analysis of their energy efficiency. The paper focuses on the map of energy flow to deliver thermal comfort: the HVAC energy chain. Our approach deals first with thermal comfort as the final service delivered to building occupants. Secondly, conditioned spaces are examined as the systems where useful heat (or coolth) is degraded to provide comfort. This is followed by the analysis of HVAC systems as complex energy conversion devices where energy carriers are transformed into useful heat and coolth, and finally, the impact of HVAC energy consumption on energy resources is discussed.     

Assessment of energy savings from the revised building energy code of Thailand

The government of Thailand legislated an Energy Conservation Promotion Act (ECP Act) in 1992 and set bye-laws that identify designated buildings (DBs) and detail mandatory requirements for energy conservation for DBs in 1995. An Energy Conservation Promotion Fund (ENCON Fund) was also created to fund energy audits on 1900 DBs. Recently the requirements and procedures for energy conservation in buildings have been revised where system performance requirements for building envelope, lighting, air-conditioning, and hot water generation are adopted. Moreover, the new building energy code (BEC) distinguishes different categories of DBs, provides credit for use of solar energy, and introduces a new option of whole building energy compliance. The authors develop building models from data obtained from energy audit reports and use them to estimate savings on energy and peak demand from future new buildings using forecasted energy and peak demand data from the Load Forecast Subcommittee, a panel tasked to forecast future electric load of Thailand. From a modest level of energy saving in the first year that the code is expected to be enforced, the level of saving rise to over 10% and 20% annually of requirement of target buildings in 6 and 12 years respectively.     

建筑保温隔热材料的研究及应用进展

建筑隔热保温是实现建筑节能和降耗减排的重要手段。对几种常用保温隔热材料的分类与发展进行了概述和评价,着重介绍了新型气凝胶保温隔热材料的特性与研究进展。概述了气凝胶超级隔热材料在建筑隔热保温中的应用进展,并对其建筑节能应用前景进行了展望。     

积极开展建筑节能

随着全球可持续发展大环境的形成,我们的建筑应当既满足当代人的需求,又不危及后代人生存及其发展的环境。本文试图从我国目前每年建造大量的住宅是以浪费能源与土地资源为代价这一问题出发,探讨建筑节能的必要性与可行性,并期望通过对建筑热量的损失与获得的分析,给人们以启迪。     

浅谈建筑能耗模拟与建筑节能

建筑能耗模拟是建筑节能设计的重要技术手段。本文介绍了建筑能耗模拟的原理，模拟软件及其特点，列举了建筑能耗模拟的应用。     

多工况运行下围护结构动态热响应的评价方法

建筑运行工况会影响围护结构的热响应,为研究自然通风和空调2种居住建筑运行工况下围护结构动态热响应的差异,通过对比2种工况围护结构的边界条件与传热过程,提出围护结构动态热响应的评价指标——墙体温变条件指数WTCI,该指标兼顾2种工况下墙体热性能不同的评价内涵.以夏热冬暖地区为例,选取18种墙体构造来验证WTCI在多工况下...     

一汽电炉现状及节能

针对一汽各类电炉热效率状况，在合理选择炉型，推广使用轻质耐火材料，增大炉子的单位体积功能、搞好能源监测管理，精心组织生产等方面采取节能改造措施，收到了较明显的效果，明确了节能的方向。     

我国建筑能耗数据现状和能耗统计问题分析

"十二五"节能工作的重点将进一步转向建筑领域,而深化建筑节能工作需要建筑能耗数据的有力支撑。通过调研我国建筑能耗数据现状,发现尚未有权威的能够满足建筑节能分析需要的能耗数据,现有的能源消费统计方法也制约了建筑能耗统计数据的科学获得。本文回顾了当前建筑能耗数据的主要获得方法,分析了建筑能耗统计中存在的主要问题,提出了完善建筑能耗统计的初步建议。     

厚板连续式加热炉热诊断分析

介绍了某厚板连续式加热炉的热平衡测试,分析了加热炉在不同工况下的热效率、燃料的燃烬率,指出了厚板连续加热炉节能的手段和方向。以此为依据,对加热炉的燃料和燃烧状态进行了调整,使加热炉的单耗明显下降,取得了良好的节能效果。     

关于建筑物节能及复合能量系统的几点思考

建筑节能已成为我国节能技术领域的重要课题，该文从制冷空调以及能量综合利用角度探讨了建筑节能的重要技术问题，并就建筑物复合能量利用系统进行了分析与讨论。     

中央空调系统变频节电及余热回收技术

运用中央空调系统热负载关系图,分析了压缩机、循环水泵、空调箱三大电耗部分的节能原理、潜力及国外最新发展动态,介绍了中央空调变频闭环节能系统和余热回收系统,提出了饭店业制冷、供热系统能源循环利用的节能新模式。     

Potential for free-cooling by ventilation

Natural ventilation is one of the most effective techniques for cooling. Its potential for cooling may be assessed by using a method based on the indoor–outdoor temperature difference of the free-running building, the adaptive comfort criteria and the outdoor temperature. It is demonstrated that the free-running temperature may be used instead of the balance temperature in energy estimation methods. The indoor–outdoor temperature difference of the free-running building becomes a characteristic of the thermal behavior of the building which is decoupled from comfort range and outdoor temperature. A measure related to the energy saved and the applicability of free-cooling is given by the probabilistic distribution of the degree-hours as a function of the outdoor temperature and time. Weather data for this method are available in public domain from satellite investigation. The method can be applied when buildings similar to existing ones are constructed in a new location, when existing buildings are retrofitted or when completely new buildings are designed. The method may be used to interpret the results of building simulation software or of the field measurements.     

地板送风与置换通风特性比较

介绍了置换通风与地板送风的原理。从原理出发,对地板送风与置换通风在气流组织、通风效率、 空气品质和热舒适等方面的特性进行了比较。