净水厂生物活性炭吸附池的池型选择及优化设计

总结了国内近年来工程化应用的生物活性炭吸附池的类型和池型构造,对国内具有代表性的大型臭氧—生物活性炭工艺深度处理水厂中生物活性炭吸附池的设计应用和技术参数进行了调研。分析和比较了不同生物活性炭吸附池的池型构造,同时提出了生物活性炭吸附池设计过程中需要关注的几点问题。     

活性炭吸附池工艺设计的探讨

设计合理的活性炭吸附池应当具有处理效果好、运行管理简单、节能降耗、施工方便、维护量小等特点。而吸附池设计的关键是池型和滤层结构的选择以及冲洗方式、设计参数的确定,同时还要考虑其他一些相应的问题。结合深圳市笔架山水厂活性炭吸附池工艺设计的调整过程,探讨了当前活性炭吸附池工艺设计中普遍关注的问题,包括池型、滤层结构、冲洗方式及冲洗水源等,同时简要介绍了目前我国活性炭吸附池的应用情况。     

酒店污水处理及回用技术的研究与工程应用

采用厌氧水解-气浮-微曝气生物氧化-过滤-活性炭吸附-UV消毒组合工艺处理酒店污水。通过将微曝气生物氧化池分成缺氧区、微氧区和好氧区,使微曝气生物池具有了碳化、硝化与反硝化的功能。生物池出水达标排放,过滤与活性炭吸附深度处理后出水达到污水回用标准及要求。     

臭氧——活性炭在净水厂设计中若干问题的探讨

臭氧—活性炭吸附工艺是目前常用的深度处理技术,臭氧预氧化和粉末活性炭投加措施也是应对微污染原水的有效处理措施。臭氧发生器作为深度处理技术的核心设备,如何合理经济选择氧源系统,科学确定臭氧发生器设备台数,明确设备的各种技术参数,使臭氧系统能够灵活适应各种运行工况和环境条件,是招标工作中需要密切关注的问题。臭氧—活性炭系统的防火防爆措施如何满足安全和消防部门的要求、活性炭吸附池池型对反冲洗效果的影响、系统管道及附件和臭氧接触池的防腐措施等关键因素在设计过程中容易被忽视。通过对近年来相关给水深度处理技术文献资料的归纳整理和综合分析,并结合近年来净水厂深度处理工程的设计体会和经验,提出了臭氧—活性炭技术在水厂设计应用中容易忽视的问题,并对适宜的解决方案进行了探讨。     

某水厂新型上向流生物活性炭池设计

对自来水厂臭氧生物活性炭深度处理工艺中的活性炭池结构形式、炭粒选型、活性炭滤池相关设计参数、反冲洗方式等方面的设计进行了介绍。     

上海M水厂深度处理改造工程设计与运行

为了有效保障出厂水的生物安全性,上海M水厂深度处理改造工程采用了前置下向流生物活性炭池工艺,将砂滤池作为水厂处理系统的最后水质控制处理单元。改造工程于2012年7月投产至今,出厂水水质得到明显改善,但在生产运行过程中也发现了活性炭池运行周期较短等相关问题。从工艺方案比选、活性炭池工程设计、生产运行情况对M水厂深度处理改造工程进行了分析探讨,并对该工艺流程的设计与运行提出了相关建议,以供相关给水深度处理工程实践参考。     

给水排水2005年总目次

题名期页题名期页*城市给排水*我国城市供水排水产业发展分析11活性炭吸附池工艺设计的探讨17低浊度控制与饮用水安全浅议111CMF工艺处理再生水的工程实例及技术探讨115城镇污水生物脱氮达标排放工艺选择117配水管网中水质变化规律及主要影响因素分析121饮用水深度处理中活性炭的筛选试验研究127洗浴废水处理工艺中混凝预处理的作用与效果研究133下向流生物滤池低温堵塞问题的分析与研究137酒仙桥中水处理厂工程设计141生物除臭在污水处理厂中的应用144臭氧—活性炭深度处理滦河水的试验研究147V型滤池泥球形成的原因及解决办法151京杭运…     

高臭味、高溴离子引黄水库水臭氧——生物活性炭处理技术研究与示范

针对黄河下游地区引黄水库水源高有机物、高臭味、高溴离子的水质问题,选择臭氧—生物活性炭深度处理技术作为解决臭味和有机微污染问题的主要对策,对臭氧接触池与生物活性炭池的优化设计和运行、高溴离子原水在臭氧化过程中溴酸盐的产生机理与控制技术等方面开展了深入的研究和试验,形成了臭氧—微膨胀上向流生物活性炭—砂滤集成技术。该技术以微膨胀上向流生物活性炭池代替传统的下向流活性炭池,对有机物的去除率提高了5%～10%,同时减少了水头损失,可减少一级水力提升,降低反冲洗频率;砂滤置于活性炭池之后,有效控制了微生物泄漏问题;提出了以CFD模拟及臭氧利用效率为设计依据的臭氧接触池设计技术;确定了氨氮和投加过氧化氢控制溴酸盐的重要技术参数。研究形成的关键技术成果应用于20万m3/d的鹊华水厂深度处理示范工程,出水水质全面达标,臭味问题得到解决,为类似水源地区新建水厂及老水厂升级改造提供了重要的技术支持。     

饮用水深度处理工艺活性炭运行生命周期探讨

通过试验和对生产性活性炭池运行情况的调查分析,对臭氧-活性炭饮用水深度处理工艺中活性炭去除有机物的规律、活性炭使用寿命(生命周期)的影响因素及评判指标进行了探讨,并对机理进行了分析.活性炭吸附期和使用寿命与进水水质、臭氧投加量、炭池滤速及出水要求等因素有关,臭氧氧化主要是通过提高进水可降解有机碳与总有机碳的比值,起到延长生物活性炭运行寿命的作用,活性炭的吸附参数不能作为活性炭生命周期的唯一判定指标,出水水质限值是控制活性炭生命周期时间点的最重要参数.     

深圳梅林水厂臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺设计

深圳梅林水厂深度处理采用臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺 ,介绍了该工艺的设计参数 ,并对设计中的重点进行了分析 ,提出了臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺的出水水质指标与经济指标     

微污染水库水处理工艺研究

通过中试,研究了生物预处理-常规处理-GAC(或O3-BAC)深度处理以及预加氯一常规处理-GAC(或O3-BAC)深度处理对微污染水库水的处理效果。结果表明,对于可生物降解性较好的原水,采用生物预处理可以明显地改善后续常规处理及深度处理的出水水质。对于氨氯、CODMn和UV254较高的水库水,处理工艺流程中应包括生物预处理或O3-BAC工艺。生物预处理-常规处理-GAC工艺的总处理效果好于预加氯-常规处理-O3-BAC工艺。此外,GAC能吸附氯仿、致突变物。当GAC再生周期过长时,出水的氯仿浓度高于进水,且Ames试验呈阳性。GAC的去臭有效期在16个月以上。     

Removal of bromate and assimilable organic carbon from drinking water using granular activated carbon.

This study investigated the feasibility of using granular activated carbon (GAC) to remove bromate ion (BrO3-) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) from drinking water through a rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) method and a pilot-scale study. Results from RSSCT indicated that the GAC capacity for BrO3- removal was dependent on the GAC type, empty bed contact time (EBCT), and source water quality. The GAC with a high number of basic groups and higher pHpzc values showed an increased BrO3- removal capacity. BrO3- removal was improved by increasing EBCT. The high EBCT provides a greater opportunity for BrO3- to be adsorbed and reduced to Br- on the GAC surface. On the other hand, the presence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and anions, such as chloride, bromide, and sulfate, resulted in poor BrO3- reduction. In the GAC pilot plant, a GAC column preloaded for 12 months achieved a BrO3- and AOC removal range from 79-96% and 41-75%, respectively. The BrO3- amount removed was found to be proportional to the influent BrO3- concentration. However, the BrO3- removal rate apparently decreased with increasing operation time. In contrast, the AOC apparently increased during the long-term operation period. This may be a result of the contribution due to new GAC being gradually transformed into biological activated carbon (BAC), and the bacterial biomass adsorbed on GAC surface hindering BrO3- reduction by GAC either by blocking pores or adsorbing at the activated sites for BrO3- reduction.     

Efficient taste and odour removal by water treatment plants around the Han River water supply system.

Seven major water treatment plants in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which are under Korea Water Resources Corporation (KOWACO)'s management, take water from the Paldang Reservoir in the Han River System for drinking water supply. There are taste and odour (T&O) problems in the finished water because the conventional treatment processes do not efficiently remove the T&O compounds. This study evaluated T&O removal by ozonation, granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment, powder activated carbon (PAC) and an advanced oxidation process in a pilot-scale treatment plant and bench-scale laboratory experiments. During T&O episodes, PAC alone was not adequate, but as a pretreatment together with GAC it could be a useful option. The optimal range of ozone dose was 1 to 2 mg/L at a contact time of 10 min. However, with ozone alone it was difficult to meet the T&O target of 3 TON and 15 ng/L of MIB or geosmin. The GAC adsorption capacity for DOC in the three GAC systems (F/A, GAC and O3 + GAC) at an EBCT of 14 min is mostly exhausted after 9 months. However, substantial TON removal continued for more than 2 years (>90,000 bed volumes). GAC was found to be effective for T&O control and the main removal mechanisms were adsorption capacity and biodegradation.     

再生颗粒活性炭在果园桥水厂的应用实践

桐乡市果园桥水厂采用臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理工艺,为了强化处理效果、降低制水成本、减少环境污染,对饱和生物活性炭进行了再生.通过检测,再生炭的碘值恢复率达90%以上,亚甲基蓝值恢复率接近90%,强度略有下降,但仍高达93%,灰分增长了91.5%.再生炭运行当月CODMn去除率高达78.4%,运行半年至今去除率仍达50%左右,处理效果接近新炭水平.采用再生方式比全部更换新炭节省费用50%以上.最后阐述了饱和活性炭再生利用的可行性及必要性.     

臭氧与活性炭深度处理微污染原水试验研究

采用"预臭氧氧化 常规处理 GAC/O3-BAC深度处理"工艺针对南方某市微污染原水进行中试研究.结果表明:预臭氧能明显提高浊度、有机物和THMFP的去除效果,在此条件下常规出水浊度平均值＜O.1 NTU,与无预处理相比,CODMn去除率提高17.52%,氯消毒后CHCl3浓度降低86.4%;O3-BAC工艺对有机物、CHCl3的去除效果和吸附寿命均优于GAC工艺,但生物膜的脱落会影响浊度的去除效果;随着炭床厚度增加,GAC滤池中,CODMn呈线性降低,而BAC滤池中,上部500～1 000 mm厚度内,CODMn快速降低并稳定在一定的水平上.     

Biological granulated activated carbon fluidized bed reactor for atrazine remediation.

To show that an adsorbing biofilm carrier (GAC) can be advantageous for atrazine bioremediation over a non-adsorbing carrier, fluidized bed (FB) reactors were operated under atrazine limiting concentrations using Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP as the atrazine degrading bacteria. The following interrelated subjects were investigated: 1) atrazine adsorption to GAC under conditions of atrazine partial penetration in the biofilm, 2) differences in atrazine degradation rates and 3) stability of atrazine biodegradation under non-sterile anoxic conditions in the GAC reactor versus a reactor with a non-adsorbing biofilm carrier. Results from batch adsorption tests together with modeling best described the biofilm as patchy in nature with covered and non-biofilm covered areas. Under conditions of atrazine partial penetration in the biofilm, atrazine adsorption occurs in the non-covered areas and is consequently desorbed at the base of the biofilm substantially increasing the active biofilm surface area. The double flux of atrazine to the biofilm in the GAC reactor results in lower effluent atrazine concentrations as compared to a FB reactor with a non-adsorbing carrier. Moreover, under non-sterile denitrification conditions, atrazine degradation stability was found to be much higher (several months) using GAC as a biofilm carrier while non-adsorbing carrier reactors showed sharp deterioration within 30 days due to contamination of non-atrazine degrading bacteria.     

Conceptual comparison of pink water treatment technologies: granular activated carbon, anaerobic fluidized bed, and zero-valent iron-Fenton process.

Pink water, explosive-laden wastewater produced in army ammunition plants is often treated using expensive and non-destructive granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. This paper compares GAC adsorption and two alternative treatment technologies, anaerobic GAC fluidized bed reactor and zero-valent iron-Fenton process. The bench-scale demonstration of the zero-valent iron-Fenton process with real pink water is reported. The features of three technologies are compared and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed.     

臭氧生物活性炭技术的工艺设计与运行管理

针对臭氧生物活性炭工艺应用中的关键问题,首先对工艺设计中的活性炭滤料选择、活性炭滤层结构设计、活性炭滤池选择、臭氧系统选择、臭氧接触池优化设计和复合预氧化设计等内容进行了分析和总结.然后对运行中存在的微生物安全性、大型微生物控制、活性炭滤池初滤水管理及pH控制、预臭氧和主臭氧工艺的运行管理等问题进行了总结,并提出了相应的解决方案.最后,建议今后应重点注意微生物安全性、臭氧副产物控制和工艺运行控制标准等问题.     

臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺除藻效能研究

通过中试除藻试验,研究了臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺的除藻效能。结果表明,经过预臭 氧化和常规工艺处理后,深度处理工艺可再去除67％的含藻量。工艺参数:臭氧投加量2 mg／L,接 触时间15 min,活性炭滤池滤速10 m／h,停留时间12 min。探讨了预臭氧化和深度处理两种组合工 艺的除藻机理和影响因素。     

粒状活性炭在管道分质供水口感改善中的作用研究

口感是评价管道分质供水质量的一项关键指标,它直接影响消费者对管道分质供水的接受程度。研究了影响管道分质供水口感的主要因素及粒状活性炭对口感改善所起的作用。结果表明,净水中余氯浓度、TOC含量及VOCs含量均会对净水口感产生影响;粒状活性炭过滤可有效降低管道分质供水中净水余氯浓度、TOC与VOCS含量,明显改善净水口感,而对其他水质指标无不良影响。结合试验结果与工程实例,提出了应用粒状活性炭改善管道分质供水口感的技术参数,并建议采用粒状活性炭过滤器作为管道分质供水的终端过滤。