无机盐对聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯互通多孔材料的结构调控

实现聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯互通多孔材料的结构调控,包括增加多孔材料的比表面积和调节孔径的大小,一直是聚合物材料研究的热点之一。采用高内相乳液模板法合成聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯互通多孔材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸附脱附仪和压汞仪等对材料的结构进行了表征,研究了氯化钙(CaCl2)、氯化钠(NaCl)和硫酸镁(MgSO4)3种无机盐的类型及用量对聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯互通多孔材料比表面积、泡孔、窗孔及毛孔孔径的影响。结果表明:与采用二价无机盐CaCl2和MgSO4比较而言,采用一价无机盐NaCl制备的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯互通多孔材料具有较大的比表面积、较小泡孔、窗孔和毛孔孔径;随着无机盐用量的增加,聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯互通多孔材料的比表面积逐渐增大,而泡孔、窗孔和毛孔孔径逐渐减小。     

介孔材料在卷烟工业中的应用进展

介孔材料具有比表面积高、结构可调、水热稳定性好和独特的吸附性能,在烟草行业具有较好的应用前景。总结了介孔材料的分类、合成以及在卷烟中选择性吸附特定物质的应用及相应的吸附机理,展望了介孔材料目前在卷烟中应用的研究方向。     

浓乳液模板法制备多孔二氧化碳吸附材料

首先通过浓乳液模板法制备了多孔二氧化硅基体,然后采用物理浸渍法将聚乙烯亚胺引入到二氧化硅基体内,制备出一种氨基功能化的多孔二氧化硅材料。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜以及比表面积测试(BET)对材料的结构与形貌进行了表征,分析了浓乳液分散相体积分数对二氧化硅多孔结构的影响。最后研究了固载聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的二氧化硅多孔材料的二氧化碳吸附性能。结果表明,随着浓乳液分散相体积分数的增加,聚苯乙烯模板材料的泡孔直径减小,由此制得的多孔二氧化硅的平均孔径减小,负载PEI后此种材料的比表面积、孔隙率和孔径均变小,最终所制备的多孔结构固体二氧化碳吸附材料具有吸附容量大与吸附可再生性好的特点,75℃最大吸附容量为3.28 mmol/g。     

多孔材料在去除废水中重金属离子方面的研究进展

多孔材料是一种具有一定尺寸空隙结构和具有一定比表面积的材料,按其孔径大小可分为微孔材料、介孔材料和大孔材料。多孔材料具有相对密度小、比表面积高、重量轻、渗透性好等特点,并具有很好的吸附性能。本文主要重点介绍了几种不同的多孔材料作为吸附剂应用于去除废水中的重金属离子。     

大蒜皮基多孔炭材料的水热法制备及其CO_2吸附性能（英文）

以大蒜皮为碳源,先采用水热法制备炭前驱体,再经KOH活化法制备了高比表面积和高孔体积的多孔炭材料。采用氮气吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)仪对所制多孔炭的孔结构和形貌特性进行表征。结果表明,活化温度对多孔炭材料的比表面积和孔体积影响较大,当活化温度为800℃和KOH/炭前驱体浓度比为2时,得到的多孔炭材料(AC-28)比表面积和孔体积分别高达1 262 m~2/g和0.70 cm~3/g;当活化温度为600℃和KOH/炭前驱体浓度比为2时,多孔炭材料(AC-26)比表面积和孔体积分别为947 m~2/g和0.51 cm~3/g。虽然AC-26样品的比表面积和孔体积均较低,但其微孔率高达98%,使得此材料CO_2吸附性能优异,在25℃和1 bar时的CO_2吸附量高达4.22 mmol/g。常压下影响多孔炭材料中CO_2吸附量的主要因素是微孔率,并不是由比表面积和孔体积决定。当具有合适的孔径结构和比表面积时,生物质基多孔炭材料中微孔率的增加会有效增加CO_2吸附量。     

生物质莲杆废弃物制备高比表面积多孔炭及其CO_2吸附性能（英文）

采用水热炭化和KOH活化相结合的方法,以生物质莲杆废弃物为碳源,制备了高比表面积多孔炭材料,并探索其CO_2吸附性能。分别采用氮气物理吸附、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和元素分析技术(XPS)对这种莲杆基多孔炭材料的孔道结构、形貌和表面化学等特性进行了研究。结果表明,KOH浓度对莲杆基多孔炭材料的孔结构具有较大影响,莲杆基多孔炭材料的比表面积和孔体积分别为2 893 m~2/g和1.59 cm~3/g,KOH活化处理能在增大多孔炭材料的比表面积和孔体积,同时会在其内部形成部分具有较大尺寸的微孔和较小尺寸的介孔结构。在常压条件下,CO_2的吸附测试表明莲杆基多孔炭材料在25℃和0℃时的吸附量分别高达3.85和6.17 mmol/g,这一吸附量在生物质基多孔炭材料中属于较高水平。然而,具有最高比表面积的莲杆基多孔炭材料(AC-4样品)并不具备最高的CO_2吸附量,这意味着常压条件下限制CO_2吸附量的决定性因素并不是比表面积,而主要由微孔率和孔径分布决定。这一研究结果为设计多孔吸附剂应用于CO_2捕集方面提供了重要意义,也为构建低成本且环境友好的具有高吸附量的CO_2吸附剂提供思路。     

多孔材料的孔结构表征及其分析

多孔材料的研究已成为当今材料科学研究领域的一大热点,而多孔材料的研究离不开结构表征分析.多孔材料的表征常用X射线小角度衍射法、气体吸附法、电子显微镜观察法等.重点介绍了这些表征方法对多孔材料的孔道有序性、孔形态、比表面积和孔体积及孔径等的表征分析应用,最后简单介绍了孔结构表征的新方法.     

高内相乳液模板法制备聚合物多孔材料研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

聚合物多孔材料因具有高孔隙率、低密度、比表面积大等特点受到了人们的广泛关注,而目前聚合物多孔材料大多以高内相乳液模板法来制备,文中主要针对高内相乳液模板法所用乳化剂,分别介绍了小分子乳化剂、固体乳化剂、嵌段共聚物乳化剂对制备的聚合物多孔材料孔结构的影响,并简要介绍了以高内相乳液为模板制备的聚合物多孔材料在吸附、催化等领域的应用。     

高内相乳液模板法制备聚合物多孔材料研究进展

聚合物多孔材料因具有高孔隙率、低密度、比表面积大等特点受到了人们的广泛关注,而目前聚合物多孔材料大多以高内相乳液模板法来制备,文中主要针对高内相乳液模板法所用乳化剂,分别介绍了小分子乳化剂、固体乳化剂、嵌段共聚物乳化剂对制备的聚合物多孔材料孔结构的影响,并简要介绍了以高内相乳液为模板制备的聚合物多孔材料在吸附、催化等领域的应用。     

氮气吸附静态容量法测定固体材料比表面积不确定度评定

氮气吸附静态容量法是测定固态材料比表面积最常用的方法,以吸附质和吸附剂发生多层物理吸附为基础,使用商用比表面积分析仪,依据标准GB/T 19587-2004《气体吸附BET法测定固态物质比表面积》测量了α-氧化铝的比表面积;详细分析了仪器测试过程中各个环节带来的不确定度分量,得出:不确定度主要来源于仪器校准、质量称量的重复性以及线性最小二乘法拟合数据,最后计算得到测量结果为(79.3±3.4)m2/g(k=2)。     

多级孔材料研究进展

多孔材料具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、导热系数低、体积密度小及化学性质稳定等优点,在吸附与分离、催化剂载体、隔热材料、能量储存、传感器等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。基于孔直径的大小可将多孔材料分为三类:孔径大于50nm的大孔材料(Macroporous materials),孔径介于2～50nm的介孔材料(Mesoporous materials)和孔径小于2nm的微孔材料(Microporous materials)。但是,由于孔径的限制,这三类材料的应用均存在一定的局限性。多级孔材料兼具通透性好、孔隙结构发达、体积密度小、比表面积和孔体积大等优点,打破了传统单级孔材料孔结构单一的局限,因此越来越受到研究人员的关注。然而,多级孔材料在制备中仍存在较多问题。例如,其合成过程通常会涉及到两种及两种以上的方法,制备工艺复杂;现有的多级孔材料的制备成本高,孔结构难以控制。因此,研究者们主要从优化多级孔材料的制备工艺以及降低生产成本等方面入手,制备出孔径均一且可控的多级孔材料。多级孔材料主要有大孔-介孔材料(Macro-mesoporous materials)、微孔-介孔材料(Micro-mesoporous materials)以及含有两种或多种不同孔径的介孔-介孔材料(Meso-mesoporous materials)。大孔-介孔材料常见的制备方法有模板法、发泡法、溶胶-凝胶法及熔盐法等;微孔-介孔材料的主要制备方法有化学活化法、模板法和水热法等;介孔-介孔材料的制备方法主要有水热法、模板法、溶胶-凝胶法及自组装法等。本文综述了近年来多级孔材料的最新研究进展,分别对大孔-介孔、微孔-介孔及介孔-介孔材料的制备方法进行了介绍,并简要分析了未来本领域研究的发展趋势。     

Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Porous Carbon Materials

In this review, the progress made in the last ten years concerning the synthesis of porous carbon materials is summarized. Porous carbon materials with various pore sizes and pore structures have been synthesized using several different routes. Microporous activated carbons have been synthesized through the activation process. Ordered microporous carbon materials have been synthesized using zeolites as templates. Mesoporous carbons with a disordered pore structure have been synthesized using various methods, including catalytic activation using metal species, carbonization of polymer/polymer blends, carbonization of organic aerogels, and template synthesis using silica nanoparticles. Ordered mesoporous carbons with various pore structures have been synthesized using mesoporous silica materials such as MCM‐48, HMS, SBA‐15, MCF, and MSU‐X as templates. Ordered mesoporous carbons with graphitic pore walls have been synthesized using soft‐carbon sources that can be converted to highly ordered graphite at high temperature. Hierarchically ordered mesoporous carbon materials have been synthesized using various designed silica templates. Some of these mesoporous carbon materials have successfully been used as adsorbents for bulky pollutants, as electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells, and as hosts for enzyme immobilization. Ordered macroporous carbon materials have been synthesized using colloidal crystals as templates. One‐dimensional carbon nanostructured materials have been fabricated using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a template.     

The State of Research Regarding Ordered Mesoporous Materials in Batteries

Ordered mesoporous materials, porous materials with a pore size of 2–50 nm which are prepared via the sol–gel process using surfactant molecular aggregates as a template to assemble channels through the interfacial action of organic and inorganic substances, have recently triggered a heated debate. In addition to applications in the catalytic cracking of heavy oils and residues, the manufacturing of graft materials, the purification of water, the conversion of automobile exhaust, biochips, and the treatment of environmental pollutants via photocatalysts, ordered mesoporous materials have drawn substantial attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to advantages such as large specific surface area, uniform and continuously adjustable pore size, and orderly arrangement. Here, a general summary and appraisal of the study of ordered mesoporous materials for batteries in recent years is given, including the synthesis methods, meso/nanostructural features, and electrochemical capabilities of such materials.     

Characterizing pore structure of cement blend pastes using water vapor sorption analysis

Pore structure is an essential factor that influences the mechanical behavior and durability of cement-based porous materials with or without added binders. An empirical model for water vapor sorption isotherms was employed to evaluate the pore structure of hardened cement pastes incorporating granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume. The model is an extension of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller multilayer adsorption theory. Assuming cylindrical-shaped pores and an adsorbed liquid-like layer between the pore surface and gas phase, pore size distributions of the blended cement pastes were estimated. Calculated pore size distribution curves were compared with those measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Added granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume had minor effects on the monolayer adsorption capacity, but reduced the energy of the first and subsequent adsorption layers. The adsorbed liquid-like layer generated sharper pore size distribution peaks that were shifted to the mesoporous region. The pore size distributions were comparable with those determined by the mercury extrusion branch, but differed from those obtained by the mercury intrusion branch. Hysteresis of the water vapor adsorption–desorption isotherms and mercury intrusion–extrusion curves was due to the entrapment of a non-wetting phase in the porous system, further promoted by residual mercury in the pores following mercury extrusion.     

碳黑比表面积标准物质的研制

选择商品化的碳黑作为比表面积标准物质候选材料,利用交叉缩分的方法对碳黑样品进行分装。经均匀性、稳定性(18个月)检验,碳黑标准物质样品具有良好的均匀性和稳定性。按照国际公认的氮气物理吸附BET方法,联合测量能力经确认过的8家实验室对碳黑标准物质样品进行定值(104.6、29.9、8.96 m2/g)。与国内外同类标准物质比较表明:研制的3种碳黑比表面积标准物质的相对不确定度(2.1%、2.3%和3.2%)达到国际同类标准物质的先进水平。     

Synthesis of Ionic Ultramicroporous Polymers for Selective Separation of Acetylene from Ethylene

The design of highly stable and efficient porous materials is essential for developing breakthrough hydrocarbon separation methods based on physisorption to replace currently used energy-intensive distillation/absorption technologies. Efforts to develop advanced porous materials such as zeolites, coordination frameworks, and organic polymers have met with limited success. Here, a new class of ionic ultramicroporous polymers (IUPs) with high-density inorganic anions and narrowly distributed ultramicroporosity is reported, which are synthesized by a facile free-radical polymerization using branched and amphiphilic ionic compounds as reactive monomers. A covalent and ionic dual-crosslinking strategy is proposed to manipulate the pore structure of amorphous polymers at the ultramicroporous scale. The IUPs exhibit exceptional selectivity (286.1–474.4) for separating acetylene from ethylene along with high thermal and water stability, collaboratively demonstrated by gas adsorption isotherms and experimental breakthrough curves. Modeling studies unveil the specific binding sites for acetylene capture as well as the interconnected ultramicroporosity for size sieving. The porosity-engineering protocol used in this work can also be extended to the design of other ultramicroporous materials for the challenging separation of other key gas constituents.     

磁性多孔碳材料的研究进展

磁性多孔碳材料同时具有磁性和多孔性质,其拥有丰富的孔道结构、高的比表面积、高孔容、良好的活性位点和磁性可分离等优异的性能,可以很好的解决多孔碳材料在应用过程中难分离回收等问题,因此,磁性多孔碳材料已经在吸附领域得到广泛的应用。按照孔径大小、磁性强弱以及组合方式的不同将磁性多孔碳材料进行了分类,并综述了近年来磁性多孔碳材料的制备方法以及吸附应用,最后,对磁性多孔碳材料的应用前景进行了展望。     

新型多孔材料在惰性气体Xe/Kr分离中的应用

惰性气体氙与氪的分离在大气放射性核素监测、惰性气体工业制备和乏燃料处理等领域中均有重要应用。常规的方法是利用低温精馏将氙与氪从大气中分离,需要耗费大量能源,成本高。因此,作为替代方法在常温下通过多孔材料高效吸附分离氙与氪具有重要意义。近年来发展的以金属有机框架材料、多孔有机分子笼材料等为代表的新型多孔材料在惰性气体氙与氪的分离中展现出了优异的性能与良好的应用前景。系统地综述了新型多孔材料在Xe/Kr分离中的研究进展,从计算模拟在Xe/Kr分离研究中的应用、高浓度氙/氪分离研究与极低浓度Xe/Kr分离研究3个方面进行论述与总结,最后对未来研究趋势进行了总结与展望。     

Microporous Organic Materials for Membrane‐Based Gas Separation

Membrane materials with excellent selectivity and high permeability are crucial to efficient membrane gas separation. Microporous organic materials have evolved as an alternative candidate for fabricating membranes due to their inherent attributes, such as permanent porosity, high surface area, and good processability. Herein, a unique pore‐chemistry concept for the designed synthesis of microporous organic membranes, with an emphasis on the relationship between pore structures and membrane performances, is introduced. The latest advances in microporous organic materials for potential membrane application in gas separation of H₂, CO₂, O₂, and other industrially relevant gases are summarized. Representative examples of the recent progress in highly selective and permeable membranes are highlighted with some fundamental analyses from pore characteristics, followed by a brief perspective on future research directions.