暂态电压稳定的模型要求和快速判断

用时域仿真重现了感应电动机负荷引起的电压暂态失稳现象。从保证足够精度并尽量加快仿真暂态电压稳定过程的角度讨论了发电机、电动机负荷以及励磁控制系统的模型选择问题，证明随着故障切除时间的增大，大型电力系统从稳定变为功角失稳的中间可能存在故障切除时间的一个区间，后者对应于功角稳定但电压却失稳。该文改进了作者以前提出的一个感应电动机负荷电压暂态失稳的判据，以便尽早地停止积分过程，其正确性在华中系统、新英格兰系统和浙江系统中得到了验证。     

电力系统环面分岔与混沌现象

导致电力系统混沌出现的一种途径--环面分岔(TB, Torus Bifurcation)现象,属于一种较为复杂的动态分岔现象,是由于一对复共轭弗罗奎特因子(FM, Floquet Multiplie rs)从其庞加莱截面(Poincaré section)上的单位圆同时穿出造成的.由环面分岔导致的混沌现象具有许多奇特的现象,如系统运动沿封闭环面分布、存在进一步的分岔与自组织现象以及有序与混沌共存等.该文利用非线性动力系统分岔理论和方法,针对一个简单的电力系统模型,对电力系统CTC现象的产生机理、表现形式和存在特点进行了详细的分析,所得结论有助于对电力系统混沌和各种失稳现象本质的理解.     

电力系统分岔与混沌研究述评

介绍电力系统分岔与混沌的研究现状和方向，讨论功角稳定性，电压稳定性与分岔之间的关系，并回顾各种方法在电力系统分岔中的应用。进一步的研究方向包括在负荷实际的动态特性下深入研究分岔特性与电压崩溃机理，定义电压稳定裕度和距离电压崩溃的裕度；根据多机摇摆曲线的混沌程度来估计后期稳定性。建议将混沌的概念从传统的有界范畴拓广到系统在趋于无界（失稳）的模式方面的貌似随机性，即无界混沌。     

基于分岔理论的含双馈风电机组的电力系统电压稳定性分析

为了研究含双馈风力发电机组的电力系统电压失稳的机理,本文以3节点电力系统为例,建立了含双馈风电机组电力系统的简化数学模型,采用局部参数延拓法追踪系统的平衡解流形,在此基础上基于分岔理论并结合时域仿真分析了系统电压失稳乃至崩溃的发生发展过程,揭示了系统随参数变化而引起的电压稳定性和解的结构变化的非线性动力学本质,确定了在几种不同风速情况下系统的分岔点和电压崩溃临界点,并且分析了风速变化对系统电压崩溃临界点的影响。分析结果表明,该系统中存在着Hopf分岔、同宿分岔、普通静分岔和鞍结分岔现象;这些分岔现象是导致系统电压失稳及崩溃的动力学本质;并且风速的变化会对系统的电压稳定裕度产生影响。     

电力系统中的混沌研究与混沌应用

混沌作为一个新的研究方向，已渗透到自然科学和社会科学的各个领域。混沌在电力系统的研究虽然只有近20年，但已有大量的混沌现象被研究，如机电系统混沌振荡，以及分叉、混沌与电压骤降，电力经济中的混淹，水轮发电机组调速系统中控制器参数诱发的混沌等。人们在研究和分析、抑制混沌的同时，又在电力系统中应用混沌，如混沌应用于电站经济运行最优负荷分配、静态负荷模型辨识、模糊电力系统稳定器的参数优化以及短期负荷预测，从而全面开创了电力系统混沌的研究、分析与利用新局面。对电力系统中混沌的研究与利用进行了较为全面的分析和总结，对于推动电力系统的混沌研究具有一定的意义。     

考虑励磁顶值与PSS的混沌和分岔现象

电力系统中的混沌对传统的稳定分析和安全控制而言,是一个巨大的挑战。文中研究了发电机励磁顶值和PSS回路对电力系统的振荡失稳和混沌现象的影响。研究表明,当计及励磁顶值极限时,或在PSS参数配置合理情况下,可能导致系统Hopf分岔(HB)现象不出现或HB点与鞍--节分岔(SNB)点十分接近。由于在小扰动稳定框架下,HB出现是混沌产生的前提,HB不能出现时,混沌现象也将消失。合理配置PSS参数,可为系统提供正阻尼,从而能够显著抑制HB及混沌现象的产生。文中的研究也是作为找到有效抑制电力系统振荡失稳和混沌现象措施的一种有益尝试。     

电力系统分岔与混沌研究综述

简单介绍了分岔、混沌的基本概念以及电力系统发生的分岔现象,总结了电力系统非线性振荡、次同步谐振、电压失稳和崩溃的机理;电力系统通往混沌的途径以及抑止、延迟电力系统分岔、混沌现象发生以提高电力系统稳定性的方法;混沌理论在电力系统短期负荷预测中的应用.指出了揭示多机电力系统分岔、混沌现象,各种分岔点的快速搜寻方法,电力系统FACTS控制策略,电力系统分岔、混沌控制方法,利用混沌理论对短期负荷进行快速、准确预测是电力系统分岔、混沌研究的发展趋势.     

中心流形方法降维分析电压崩溃中的Fold分岔

首次应用依赖于参数的动力学系统中的中心流形方法对电力系统电压崩溃相关联的Fold分岔进行简化分析，该方法可在状态－参数空间中的分岔值邻域内，对高维非线性动力系统进行拓扑等价的降维，采用该应运地一典型电力系统的Fold分岔进行分析，结果表明：中心流形方法分析实际工程中的局部分岔现象是可行且有效的，同时，可应用模态分析法来区分电压失稳和功角失稳。     

混沌理论在故障定位中的应用

混沌是确定性非线性系统中出现的一种貌似无规则的、类似随机的现象。而电力系统是强非线性系统,合理设置系统参数,混沌必定存在于电力系统中。在研究经典混沌系统的基础上,仿真研究电力系统故障后的混沌现象,并寻找故障后电力系统的混沌特征,据此来进行故障定位。仿真结果表明,方法是行之有效的。     

考虑励磁顶值与PSS的混沌的分岔现象

电力系统中的混沌对传统的稳定分析和安全控制而言,是一个巨大的挑战。文中研究了发电机励磁顶值和PSS回路对电力系统的振荡失稳和混沌现象的影响。研究表明,当计及励磁顶值极限时,或在PSS参数配置合理情况下,可能导致系统Hopf分岔（HB）现象不出现或HB点与鞍一节分岔（SNB）点十分接近。由于在小扰动稳定框架下,HB出现是混沌产生的前提,HB不能出现时,混沌现象也就消失。合理配置PSS参数,可为系统提供正阻尼,从而能够显著抑制HB及混沌现象的产生。文中的研究也是作为找到有效抑制电力振荡失稳和混沌现象措施的一种有益尝试。     

Steady-state analysis of the effect of reactive generation limits in voltage stability

Voltage collapse phenomena are highly affected by reactive power generation limits. Saturation of the reactive power generation limits of a unit may result in a deterioration of the voltage stability. However, in some cases when the power network is operating close to the voltage collapse point, the reactive power generation saturation of a unit can change the system voltages immediately from stable to unstable; thus, a dynamic voltage collapse leading to blackout may follow. This paper presents a steady-state analysis of the immediate instability caused by reactive power generation saturation phenomena. For this purpose, the paper proposes a novel index that evaluates “when” and “why” a reactive power generation saturation will only result in a deterioration of the system voltage stability or, on the contrary, it will make the system voltages immediately unstable.     

一种有效的电力系统电压崩溃控制

对于两台发电机母线和一个负荷母线组成的简单电力系统，在负荷母线的无功功率逐渐变化时，会发生亚临界，超临界Hopf分岔和鞍结点分岔，并导致混沌现象和电压崩溃现象，但通过在鞍结分岔平衡点设计的线性状态反馈控制器可以在无功功率的一定范围内消除这些现象，并使系统受扰偏离平衡点后迅速回到平衡点，且该控制器只需用到发电机角速度和负荷母线电压幅值两个状态量，因此，该控制器简单实用，另外对该控制器设计过程中的有关问题进行了讨论，数值仿真说明了该控制器的有效性。     

Dynamic Voltage Stability of Power Systems Based on Fundamental Experiments

Recently built electric power systems have become very large and complicated. As a consequence, voltage collapse at the load end of these power systems has been observed. Voltage stability problems of power systems are being addressed, with many reports on voltage instability phenomena. However, most of these reports present only the phenomena for normal cases of balanced transmission line conditions. This paper discusses voltage stability of a power system using experimental results. The influences of both load condition and faults condition of the transmission line on the dynamic voltage stability and the propssive speed of unstable phenomena arc discussed. Also investigated an improvements to voltage stability and the transient phenomena of the power system when the fault transmission line is closed with a multiple reclosing system.     

Detection of possible voltage collapse buses in stressed power systems based on information from multiple solutions in load flow calculations

Conventionally, most voltage stability indices, including the voltage instability proximity index (VIPI), have been formulated for the overall system. Voltage instability phenomena, however, can occur locally and then cause cascade collapses throughout the system. Therefore, it is of some importance to establish an index that can locate the possible voltage collapse buses in power systems efficiently. In this paper, we describe the local properties of the information of multiple solutions in load flow calculation and their use in voltage instability assessment. It should be noted that this kind of information is formatted in the voltage space rather than in the specified value space. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain information in the specified value space, and the qualitative property in a simple one-machine one-load (two-bus) power system may not be generalized for multimachine multiload power systems. We present our investigation by considering several model systems and quantitatively comparing them with the two-bus power system. Taking advantage of the power flow formulation, it can be concluded that the localization of the voltage variation vector that indicates the initial direction of the voltage collapse will provide exact information for identifying problem buses in the system. The nose curves of problem buses can be obtained for monitoring purposes at the same time. With the application of these results and VIPI, an emergency countermeasure is suggested for monitoring and delaying possible voltage collapse in stressed power systems. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn 119(1): 45–54, 1997     

电力系统电压稳定机理及其应用探究

在总结国内外较有代表性的几种电压稳定性定义后,对短期电压失稳和长期电压失稳的机理进行分析,探讨了电压稳定性的主要分析方法,总结各种电压稳定性指标的特点,提出了下一步深入研究的方向.针对特大型城市电网的电压稳定性及其控制策略进行了初步探讨.     

Controlling chaos and voltage collapse using an ANFIS-based composite controller-static var compensator in power systems

Chaos and voltage collapse exist in power systems due to critical loading and disturbing of energy (DE). These phenomena cause instability in power system operation and must be avoided. In this paper, an ANFIS-based composite controller-static var compensator (CC-SVC) was proposed to control both chaotic oscillations and voltage collapse. The ANFIS-based CC-SVC was proposed because its computation was more efficient than Mamdani fuzzy logic controller. Adaptive network parameters were obtained through a training process. The controller parameters were automatically updated by off-line training. Both chaos and voltage collapse were able to control and suppress effectively by the proposed method. Furthermore, the load voltage was held to a set value by adjusting the supplied reactive power. When the reactive load was increased, the SVC susceptance and reactive power supplied by the SVC also increased. The proposed method was able to maintain the load voltage and to increase the loading margin.     

Steady state voltage stability with AVR voltage constraints

Voltage collapse phenomena are highly affected by the limits of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) voltage that indirectly controls the amount of reactive power generation. Saturation of the limits of the AVR voltage of a unit may result in deterioration of voltage stability. In addition, in some cases when the power network is operating close to the voltage collapse point, the AVR voltage saturation of a unit can change the system voltages immediately from a stable to an unstable state. Thus, a dynamic voltage collapse leading to blackout is expected. This paper presents a steady state analysis of voltage instability associated to the AVR voltage saturation phenomena. For this purpose, a new methodology based on the predictor–corrector method is introduced to trace the total system equilibrium of the power system model. This methodology considers the AVR voltage limits of all generation units and computes both Saddle Node Bifurcation (SNB) and Saddle Limit Induced Bifurcation (SLIB) points. The New England 39-bus system is adopted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

交流输电系统的分岔与仿真研究

为提高系统电压稳定水平,防止电压崩溃事故的发生,基于非线性动力系统的分岔理论,使用通用分岔分析软件AUTO2000对一个典型的3节点系统进行电压稳定的分析,得出了系统在3种不同发电机模型下的分岔点数值。研究发现,不同发电机模型的系统经历的分岔过程不同,说明系统的电压稳定性随着发电机模型的不同而不同。但系统在到达鞍节点分岔前,都因为发生了Hopf分岔而失稳,因此Hopf分岔才是系统失稳的原因。研究还发现跟踪Hopf分岔点开始的极限环曲线可见系统还会经历一系列其它复杂分岔:环面折叠分岔、倍周期分岔和环面分岔;在不同的发电机模型下,系统因为不同的动态分岔点而失稳。时域仿真验证了此结论。