Recovery mechanism of the sticking-type breakout during continuous casting of steel

Sticking-type breakout is one of key factors which restrict the development of high-speed or wide-heavy plate continuous casting technology. In order to better heal and control the sticking-type breakout, this paper presents a comprehensive study for its recovery mechanism. First, according to force characteristics of solidified shell at mold exit, calculation method of safe shell thickness is proposed. Then, considering sticker propagation behaviour and safe shell thickness, a more practical recovery model of sticking-type breakout is established and verified by actual examples. The result shows the proposed recovery strategies avoid casting speed to be decreased too low or cast stop, thus save unnecessary operating time, and are better than original strategies. Furthermore, influencing factors of recovery behaviour are analyzed. The result shows hot spot location, operating casting speed, and mold oscillation frequency have a significant effect on minimum speed for the recovery and oscillation stoke has little influence on it.     

板坯连铸机粘结漏钢分析与预防措施

对河北钢铁集团公司邯宝炼钢厂两台板坯连铸机自2008年10月投产至2011年2月粘结漏钢情况进行统计,从漏钢坯壳形貌分析粘结漏钢过程,从保护渣性能、结晶器锥度、结晶器振动、液面波动、拉速变化以及标准化操作等方面分析粘结漏钢的原因,进而提出预防措施,降低了连铸机漏钢率。     

Online Measurement for Transient Mold Friction Based on the Hydraulic Oscillators of Continuous-Casting Mold

The interaction of the strand shell surface and mold copper plates has significant effects on the slab surface quality and casting productivity. This article focuses on developing a reliable approach to measure the transient friction force between the slab and the mold for the purpose of the investigation of lubrication and friction behavior inside a mold. This method is presented to monitor transient mold frictions for the slab continuous caster equipped with hydraulic oscillators. A mathematical model is also developed to calculate the empty working force of the no casting state, and a new algorithm, based on the particle swarm optimization, is proposed to predict the dynamic characteristic parameters of mold oscillation. The results have shown that the method has a sufficient sensitivity to variation, especially to the periodical variation of the mold friction, and it has been identified that the transient mold friction can be used as an effective index with regard to detecting mold oscillation and optimizing the casting parameters for process control. It may lay the practical foundation for the online detection of powder lubrication and the visualization of the continuous-casting mold process.     

Investigation of strand surface defects using mould instrumentation and modelling

Abstract

The surfaces of continuously cast steel blooms exhibit a variety of surface features and defects, which were investigated to reveal the interactions at the meniscus between the steel shell and interfacial flux layers that caused them. One such defect formed at periodic intervals along the surface of first and second blooms in a sequence. It was characterised by gradually deepening oscillation marks, followed immediately by longitudinal striations or 'glaciation marks'. In severe cases, deep depressions were clearly visible within the glaciated region. These defects were investigated through plant trials and both physical and mathematical modelling. The defects were found to exhibit a characteristic temperature history: temperature troughs that move down the mould at the casting speed. These defects may be monitored in much the same way as sticker breakouts, thereby allowing existing thermocouple based breakout detection systems to be modified to include a quality alarm. This study attributes these defects to high amplitude, low frequency, mould level fluctuations. A mechanism is proposed which ascribes the generation of these defects to the interaction of the meniscus with the slag rim at peaks in the mould level cycle. Installing an improved mould level control system eliminated the defects.     

连铸结晶器铜板与坯壳间摩擦力的分析与研究

通过连铸机在生产过程中结晶器铜板与坯壳间摩擦力及摩擦功的分析与研究,得出其数学模型,并根据其特征值的变化预报粘结与裂纹漏钢.     

非正弦振动在板坯连铸机上的应用

分析了结晶器非正弦振动的振动特性,介绍了安钢引进的VAI板坯连铸机液压振动的振动特点,讨论了非正弦反向振动的各项振动参数,降低结晶器摩擦阻力、提高保护渣耗量,而且可以在低拉速下保证较低的振痕深度,又能在高拉速下保证操作的安全性。并结合生产实践,指出该振动形式对防止粘结漏钢和改善铸坯表面质量有明显作用。     

板坯连铸结晶器振动偏摆检测及粘结漏钢控制

国内某厂2台板坯连铸机在生产过程中,发生的粘结漏钢事故全部集中在1号铸机之上。观测发现1号铸机生产的铸坯表面振痕相对更为紊乱,因此结晶器振动状态不良是造成粘结漏钢的主要原因,有必要对其进行检测。设计并制造了一种便携式板坯连铸结晶器振动检测装置,其由数据处理计算机、数据线、加速度传感器组成,同时开发了一套界面友好、操作简...     

Transient Mould Friction Based on the Wavelet Theory

The mould friction is an important parameter reflecting the initial shell and mould lubrication conditions.The research of mould friction is very important to the optimization and developing of continuous casting.The measured mould friction under hydraulic oscillation mode was researched with wavelet analysis to reveal its time-frequency characteristics.Firstly,the mould friction signals under different production conditions were monitored and the mould friction was calculated.Then,mother wavelet function was selected from three wavelet functions which were chosen preliminary according to the characteristics of mould friction and wavelet theory.Through wavelet transformation,mould friction signal was projected onto the wavelet domain,and the time-frequency characteristics of mould friction under different production conditions were obtained and discussed.Mould friction under different production conditions such as different oscillation mode,casting speed fluctuation,increasing and decreasing stage of casting speed and breakout occurrence was reported in detail in the wavelet time-frequency maps.The characteristics of mould friction were reflected well through wavelet transformation which proved that wavelet analysis had a good feasibility for mould friction study and can further reveal the nature of mould friction.     

减少小方坯连铸漏钢的实践

针对抚顺新钢铁有限责任公司炼钢厂小方坯连铸漏钢事故频发的情况,从钢水浇铸条件、工艺操作和环境因素等方面,分析了造成钢水溢漏率高的原因,通过完善结晶器水冷制度,降低中间包钢水过热度,严格规范保护渣操作,进行射钉试验测定坯壳厚度等,使方坯溢漏率明显下降,平均溢漏率降至0.03%。     

板坯连铸结晶器非正弦振动技术的应用

介绍了武钢三炼钢的结晶器液压正弦／非正弦振动技术，对非正弦振动与正弦振动的特点进行了比较。对VAI提供的振动参数之间的关系进行了研究和优化调整，降低负滑脱时间，明显减少了振痕深度和改善了铸坯表面质量，同时增加正滑脱时间，降低了粘连漏钢的风险，提高了操作安全性。     

板坯连铸结晶器非正弦振动技术的应用

介绍了武汉钢铁（集团）公司第三炼钢厂结晶器液压正弦/非正弦振动技术，对非正弦振动与正弦振动的特点进行了比较。研究VAI提供给我厂的振动参数之间的关系，对振动参数进行了优化调整，降低负滑脱时间，明显减少板坯振痕深度和改善了表面质量，同时增加了正滑脱时间，降低了粘连漏钢的风险，提高了操作安全性。     

45#钢板坯粘结漏钢原因探讨及解决措施

通过研究板坯45^#钢液相线温度低、固液两相区宽、初生坯壳收缩量小等凝固特征，系统分析了45^#钢粘结漏钢的原因，从保护渣、结晶器、冷却水以及工艺操作等方面针对性地制定了措施，杜绝了粘结漏钢事故，稳定了生产。     

高速连铸结晶器内凝固传热行为及其均匀性控制

从分析高拉速包晶钢板坯连铸结晶器内凝固传热行为特征入手,首先阐明拉速对结晶器内的界面热阻、凝固坯壳的温度与应力分布的影响规律,研究发现拉速超过1.6 m·min?1时,界面热阻明显增加,拉速由1.4 m·min?1提升至1.6 m·min?1和1.8m·min?1时,出结晶器坯壳厚度相应减少约10%,其发生漏钢的危险不断增加;在此基础上,阐述了结晶器的内腔结构、保护渣、振动与液面控制等控制结晶器内坯壳凝固均匀性的相关技术。要实现高速连铸,首要应考虑结晶器内腔结构的优化设计,使其能更好地迎合凝固坯壳的生长,研制适合包晶钢等凝固特点的专用连铸保护渣至关重要,铸坯鼓肚控制也是保障高拉速液面稳定的关键。      

板坯连铸结晶器黏结及其传播行为

 基于国内某钢厂宽厚板坯连铸机,及黏结漏钢过程中结晶器铜板的实测温度样本,重点讨论了黏结的横向、纵向速度与角度等传播行为,分析和对比结晶器黏结的发展特征,及其随拉速和断面浇铸工艺的变化,为进一步认识宽厚板坯黏结漏钢的传播特性,以及热电偶优化布置与漏钢预报系统开发提供参考和依据。     

Investigation and Application of Non-sinusoidal Oscillation Technique of Mold

To improve the slab quality, a kind of non-sinusoidal oscillation technique of mold driven by elliptic gears was developed. The waveform functions of non-sinusoidal oscillation were determined, and the calculation method and curves of technological parameters for non-sinusoidal oscillation were given. At the case of waveform deviation factor α equal to 0. 31 and oscillation amplitude h equal to ±2.7 mm, the relationship between oscillation frequency and casting speed is determined, and the technological parameters for non-sinusoidal oscillation are calculated. The testing results of industrial application indicated that this technique could not only improve the slab surface quality, but also reduce the steel breakout.     

板坯45#钢保护渣的优化与生产应用

通过研究高碳钢连铸特点，分析了高碳钢板坯连铸粘结漏钢的原因，提出了板坯连铸45#高碳钢保护渣优化设计思路。研究改善保护渣润滑性能的影响因素，根据研究结果配制45#钢板坯保护渣，并试用10多吨保护渣。未发生粘结及粘结漏钢事故，稳定了连铸生产。     

西钢电炉厂连铸结晶器振动系统改造

采用非正弦振动技术,对连铸机结晶器振动系统进行了改造。改造后的系统提高了铸坯质量,减少粘结漏钢事故,减少设备故障,保证生产顺利。     

连铸结晶器黏结漏钢的可视化及其识别方法

基于现场实测热电偶温度数据,将结晶器铜板温度及其变化速率进行2维可视化。综合考虑黏结形成和发展过程中结晶器铜板温度随时间的变化和空间传播行为,借助计算机图像处理中的8连通区域标记和边界跟踪算法,提取了异常区域的结晶器铜板温度、位置、时间等信息,计算了结晶器铜板温度变化速率的均值、最大值、区域的面积、宽度、高度及其纵向和横向移动速率特征,对实际浇铸过程中多例漏钢样本的共性特征进行了统计和归纳。结果表明,结晶器铜板温度变化速率、几何特征与传播速率能够作为黏结漏钢在线预报的重要判据,为提高漏钢预报系统准确率提供参考,减少漏钢事故,同时为结晶器可视化、智能化监控技术开发提供方法和依据。     

连铸结晶器瞬态摩擦阻力的实验研究

应用连铸结晶器凝固结构模拟装置,研究了结晶器瞬态摩擦阻力随结晶器振的变化规律。结晶显示：在结晶器上部,连铸坯与结晶器之间以粘性摩擦为主,摩擦阻力的主烨规律与结晶器振动的速度波形一致。     

Microstructure and cooling conditions of steel solidified in the continuous casting mould

Importance of uniform shell growth and fine microstructure on breakout safety and strand surface quality. Analysis of heat flow and shell growth in the mould for a 0.62 wt% C-steel, and correlation with the microstructure by comparison of calculated with measured dendrite arm spacing. Proposal of metallographic standards for the subsurface microstructure in order to check the intensity and uniformity of solidification conditions in the mould.