高速电弧喷涂FeMnCr/Cr3C2涂层抗高温冲蚀磨损性能

针对超临界锅炉管道的严重冲蚀磨损问题,采用高速电弧喷涂技术在20钢表面制取耐磨涂层,并研究其高温冲蚀磨损特性。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱分析等方法探讨涂层的冲蚀磨损规律。结果表明,FeMnCr/Cr3C2涂层最大冲蚀率出现在冲击角60°附近,表现出半塑性冲蚀磨损特征;其耐高温冲蚀性与FeCrNi/Cr3C2涂层相近,明显优于20钢。     

高速电弧喷涂铁基Cr3C2复合涂层组织及磨损特性的研究

采用高速电弧喷涂技术将自制的铁基Cr3C2型粉芯丝材制备成复合涂层,并对涂层的组织结构、力学性能及高温冲蚀磨损特性进行了研究.结果表明,该涂层组织致密,颗粒扁平细小,主要由α-Fe固溶体、(Fe,Cr)23C6、(Fe,Cr)7C3及少量FeCr2O4等氧化物相构成;涂层具有较高的结合强度和硬度、较低的孔隙率及优良的抗热震性能;铁基Cr3C2复合涂层的冲蚀磨损行为介于塑性与脆性冲蚀之间,其冲蚀机理以塑性冲蚀为主,在650℃高温环境下,涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能高于20g钢,表现出良好的抗高温冲蚀抗力,能够解决循环流化床锅炉受热面的高温磨损问题.     

FeCoCr0.5NiBSix高熵合金涂层的高温冲蚀磨损性能

目的研究FeCoCr_(0.5)NiBSi_x高熵合金在高温冲蚀下的表面形貌、冲蚀机理和磨损性能。方法在45钢基体上用激光熔覆方法制备FeCoCr_(0.5)NiBSi_x(x=0.1～0.4)高熵合金涂层,将不同Si含量的FeCoCr_(0.5)NiBSi_x高熵合金涂层分别在室温和650～900℃下进行冲蚀试验。利用SEM和EDS等方法分析涂层截面和表面冲蚀形貌,同时测试涂层的显微硬度和冲蚀磨损率。结果 FeCoCr0.5NiBSix涂层由简单FCC固溶体和硼化物两相组成,Si元素易固溶在FCC固溶体中。FeCoCr0.5Ni BSix涂层的冲蚀形貌在低角度冲蚀下以犁沟和切削为主,而在高角度下则出现挤压坑。随着Si添加量的增加,FeCoCr_(0.5)NiBSi_x涂层的硬度先下降后升高,这与涂层在低角度下的冲蚀磨损率规律相反,而与高角度下的规律一致。Fe CoCr0.5NiBSix涂层的冲蚀磨损规律正好与304不锈钢相反,其冲蚀磨损率均随着冲蚀攻角和温度的增加而明显增大,30°攻角下呈现出最小的冲蚀磨损率(8.2 mg/cm2)。结论 FeCoCr0.5Ni BSix涂层的冲蚀磨损机理类似于脆性材料,低角度下以切削和犁沟破环形式为主,高角度下则以挤压破环和脆性破碎形式为主。Fe Co Cr0.5Ni BSix涂层在低角度下的冲蚀磨损性能明显好于304不锈钢。     

高速火焰喷涂三种Fe-Al复合涂层300℃冲蚀性能研究

用高速火焰喷涂方法制备出Fe-15Al/45Cr3C2、Fe-15Al/15Cr3C2、Fe-15Al/15WC三种复合涂层,对三种涂层在温度300℃、冲蚀角分别为30°和90°下的抗冲蚀性能进行了研究,并利用扫描电镜对冲蚀后涂层的表面形貌进行分析。结果表明,在300℃下Fe-15Al/45Cr3C2复合涂层抗冲蚀性能最好,Fe-15Al/15Cr3C2复合涂层优于Fe-15Al/15WC复合涂层;三种涂层都表现出脆性冲蚀特征,但Fe-15Al/45Cr3C2复合涂层表现出一定的塑性冲蚀特征,本文称之为“准塑性冲蚀”,大量Cr3C2增强相的加入是其主要原因;冲蚀角对涂层抗冲蚀性能有较大影响。     

高速火焰喷涂三种Fe-Al复合涂层 300℃冲蚀性能研究

用高速火焰喷涂方法制备出Fe-15Al/45Cr3C2、Fe-15Al/15Cr3C2、Fe-15Al/15WC三种复合涂层,对三种涂层在温度300℃、冲蚀角分别为30°和90°下的抗冲蚀性能进行了研究,并利用扫描电镜对冲蚀后涂层的表面形貌进行分析.结果表明,在300℃下Fe-15Al/45Cr3C2复合涂层抗冲蚀性能最好,Fe-15Al/15Cr3C2复合涂层优于Fe-15Al/15WC复合涂层;三种涂层都表现出脆性冲蚀特征,但Fe-15Al/45Cr3C2复合涂层表现出一定的塑性冲蚀特征,本文称之为"准塑性冲蚀",大量Cr3C2增强相的加入是其主要原因;冲蚀角对涂层抗冲蚀性能有较大影响.     

冲蚀角对超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层冲蚀磨损行为的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂(high-velocity oxygen-fuel, HVOF)技术,在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面制备Cr₃C₂-NiCr金属陶瓷复合涂层. 研究了涂层的显微组织、相组成以及涂层和不锈钢的冲蚀行为和机理,探讨了冲蚀角与耐冲蚀性能的关系规律. 结果表明,涂层组织结构致密均匀,主要由Cr₃C₂以及少量的Cr₇C₃, Cr₂₃C₆和(Ni, Cr)固溶体相组成. Cr₃C₂-NiCr涂层的耐冲蚀性能随着冲蚀角的增大而减小,在低冲蚀角下涂层的破坏形式主要为微切削,重量损失较低,表现出优异的耐冲蚀性能. 随着冲蚀角的增大,冲蚀沙粒对涂层产生垂直冲击作用,粘结相与硬质相之间产生裂纹导致粘结相脱落,硬质相失去粘结相的支撑作用而裸露出来,在冲蚀沙粒的持续攻击下剥落,形成许多小冲蚀坑. 随着剥落硬质相数量的增加,小冲蚀坑逐步发展为大冲蚀坑,重量损失较大,耐冲蚀性能较差.     

不同冲蚀角度对ZTA结构陶瓷冲蚀磨损性能的影响

以冲蚀磨损工况典型应用材料Cr15Mo3高铬铸铁为对比材料,研究了不同冲蚀角度(0°,30°,45°,60°和90°)对氧化锆增韧氧化铝(ZTA)抗冲蚀磨损性能的影响,分析了试验材料冲蚀磨损微观失效机制.结果表明相同冲蚀角度条件下,ZTA陶瓷的抗冲蚀性能约是Cr15Mo3的6倍～8倍;冲蚀角度对试验材料冲蚀磨损体积损失的影响规律是一条类似"N"形曲线,2个拐点分别处于45°和60°,90°冲蚀角度时试验材料的冲蚀磨损体积损失最大;微观失效形貌分析表明,随着冲蚀角度的增大,因冲击引起的对材料表面损伤作用增加,水平方向的切削磨损作用减小;冲蚀角度为45°时,由于材料表面受到一定的切削破坏和冲击磨损共同促进作用,致使试验材料冲蚀磨损体积损失达到极大值,Cr15Mo3材料的基体出现许多微裂纹和碳化物剥落,因裂纹扩展导致出现长裂纹,ZTA陶瓷由于大量的晶界粘界相流失,也造成晶体颗粒脱落.冲蚀角度为90°时,垂直冲击对材料失效起主要作用,因而2种材料的冲蚀磨损失效最严重.     

高速电弧喷涂Fe3Al/WC复合涂层高温冲蚀行为研究

采用自行研制的新型热喷涂Fe3Al/WC复合合金粉芯丝材,成功地用高速电弧喷技术制备出了Fe3Al金属化合物基金属陶瓷复合涂层。对涂层成分、显微组织、涂层相结构和组成进行了分析,结果表明,涂层由以Fe-26Al为主的Fe3Al基体相与约20%的WC、W2C和 a-Al2O3相组成。对比研究了Fe3Al/WC涂层和电站锅炉钢20 g从室温至650 ℃氧化环境条件下不同攻角的高温冲蚀磨损性能,结果表明Fe3Al/WC涂层的高温冲蚀磨损抗力高于20 g钢,650 ℃和30°攻角下的稳态相对冲蚀磨损抗力为20 g钢的3.14倍。温度对Fe3Al/WC涂层的冲蚀行为有较大影响：温度 < 450℃,涂层的冲蚀率变化不大,表现出塑性材料的冲蚀行为;温度 >450 ℃,涂层冲蚀率变化较大,呈现典型的脆性材料冲蚀磨损行为。并对其高温冲蚀磨损机理进行了分析。     

热喷涂FeCrAl/WC涂层的组织和高温冲蚀行为

采用粉芯丝材和高速电弧喷涂技术制备高温氧化环境下抗冲蚀磨损FeCrAl/WC涂层。用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对FeCrAl/WC涂层的组织、成分和涂层表面冲蚀磨损形貌进行了分析。用自制的高温冲蚀磨损试验机对FeCrAl/WC涂层在不同温度、攻角下的冲蚀磨损性能进行了测试。结果表明 ,高速电弧喷涂FeCrAl/WC涂层具有颗粒增强复合材料的层状组织特征。 4 5 0℃以下 ,FeCrAl/WC涂层均呈现韧性冲蚀行为 ;90°攻角时不同温度以及 6 5 0℃时不同攻角对FeCrAl/WC涂层的冲蚀行为影响不大。温度高于 35 0℃ ,FeCrAl/WC涂层具有良好的全攻角冲蚀磨损抗力 ,6 5 0℃棱角状石英磨粒冲蚀条件下 ,FeCrAl/WC涂层的冲蚀磨损抗力为 2 0g钢的 1 .94～ 2 .0 3倍。探讨了FeCrAl/WC涂层高温冲蚀磨损机理     

超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层在NaOH 溶液中的腐蚀及冲蚀腐蚀磨损性能

目的 分析超音速火焰喷涂制备的Cr3C2-NiCr涂层在碱性环境中的腐蚀及冲蚀腐蚀磨损性能,揭示涂层腐蚀及冲蚀腐蚀磨损失效机制。方法 利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备Cr3C2-NiCr金属陶瓷涂层,采用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪、碱性环境腐蚀性能试验台、电化学分析仪、冲蚀腐蚀磨损试验机、电子天平、扫描电子显微镜,分别对组织结构、显微硬度、碱性环境下耐蚀性能、耐冲蚀腐蚀磨损性能、冲蚀腐蚀磨损损失质量及表面形貌进行测试。结果 Cr3C2-NiCr涂层呈典型层状结构,内部随机分布着孔隙及氧化物,涂层孔隙率及显微硬度平均值分别为1.3%和817HV0.1。在pH=11的NaOH溶液中,涂层的电化学腐蚀电位为-0.38 V,腐蚀反应生成的氧化物可有效阻止腐蚀继续进行,长期浸泡过程中,腐蚀介质通过裂纹或穿透性孔隙渗入涂层内部直至基体表面,并发生腐蚀反应,形成的腐蚀产物逐渐累积并排出至涂层表面,最终形成体积较大且呈团絮状的腐蚀产物。在碱性腐蚀环境下,腐蚀介质加剧冲蚀磨损中的材料消耗。相同条件下,涂层腐蚀冲蚀磨损损失质量明显小于基体材料,涂层的冲蚀腐蚀磨损失效机制主要有腐蚀产物脱落、硬质颗粒剥落、粘结相磨耗、缺陷处因疲劳裂纹整体脱落。结论 在碱性环境中,Cr3C2-NiCr涂层具有较强的耐腐蚀性能,腐蚀介质能加快涂层冲蚀磨损进程,磨损后表面为非光滑表面,使涂层具有较优的抗冲蚀磨损性能,故Cr3C2-NiCr涂层可显著改善基体表面的综合使用性能。     

高速电弧喷涂FeMnCrAl/Cr3 C2涂层热腐蚀行为

用高速电弧喷涂技术和自行研发的FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2粉芯丝材,在20钢样品表面制备了FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层,采用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法,对FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层的显微组织和热腐蚀行为进行了研究,并与20钢做了对比试验研究.结果表明:FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层主要由固溶相的凝片叠加组成,中间夹杂着氧化物相、未熔颗粒相和孔隙;FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层抗热腐蚀性能明显优于20钢基体,热腐蚀增重约为20钢的1/3-1/4,涂层抗腐蚀性能提高的原因主要是:涂层热腐蚀后表面生成具有保护性的、致密的含Al、Cr氧化物和Cr与Fe的复合氧化物,阻碍了涂层进一步腐蚀.     

Effect of Al content on high temperature erosion properties of arc-sprayed FeMnCrAl/Cr_3C_2 coatings

Three types of FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2 coatings with different Al content were deposited on 20# steel substrates by the high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) process. Surface microstructures of the coatings were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). High temperature erosion (HTE) tests were performed in an erosion tester at different impact angles. The surface morphologies of the eroded coatings were observed on a field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM). The laminated structure is found on all the prepared coatings with the porosity and oxide fraction in the coatings decreasing with the Al content from 0 to 15% (mass fraction). Sample FA3 with 15% Al, possessing the lowest porosity and oxide fraction, has the best HTE resistance, which demonstrates that Al addition can improve the HTE resistance of the coatings. The erosion rate of sample FA1 exhibits a maximum value at 90° impact angle. The maximum erosion rates of both FA2 and FA3 samples appear in the range of 60°-90° impact angles. Erosion loss of the coatings occurs through brittle breaking, cutting and fatigue spalling.     

Effect of number of layers on erosion,corrosion, and wear resistance of multilayer Cr–N/Cr–Al–N coatings on AISI 630 stainless steel

In the present study, multilayered Cr–N/Cr–Al–N coatings were prepared by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (PVD) with different numbers of layers and the same total thickness on AISI 630 steel in an attempt to improve the wear and erosion–corrosion resistance. Structural analysis of the coatings was performed by field scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Depth profiles and roughness parameters of worn surfaces were calculated after erosion and wear tests. XRD indicated that nitride compounds were formed in multilayer coatings by PVD. The Cr–N/Cr–Al–N coating exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared with AISI 630 substrate. The erosion–corrosion results revealed that the smoothest wear track with the minimum erosion rate and wear depth was obtained for five- and seven-layered coatings. The failure mechanism of the bare substrate was influenced by plastic deformation via cutting and plowing, while the failure mechanism for coated samples was chipping and delamination. According to the wear results, the multilayer coatings showed a lower friction coefficient and better surface morphology that demonstrated their high ability for wear protection.     

Thermal shock resistance of FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2-Ni9Al coatings deposited by high velocity arc spraying

FeMnCrAl/Cr₃C₂ and FeMnCrAl/Cr₃C₂-Ni9Al coatings were deposited onto low-carbon steel substrates by high velocity arc spraying. The cross-section and interface microstructures of the coatings were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM). The thermal shock resistance of the coatings was investigated. The characteristics of the coatings after the thermal cycling test were studied by OM, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectrometry. The results show that laminated structures with pores, oxide phases, and unmelted particles were found on all the prepared coatings. The FeMnCrAl/Cr₃C₂ coating with a Ni9Al interlayer registered the best thermal shock resistance, which may be attributed to the interdiffusion between the low-carbon steel substrates and the Ni9Al arc-sprayed coating that converted the mechanical bond between the substrates and the coatings to a metallurgical one.     

Oxidation behavior of arc-sprayed FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2-Ni9Al coatings deposited on low-carbon steel substrates

FeMnCr/Cr₃C₂ and FeMnCrAl/Cr₃C₂ coatings, using Ni9Al arc-sprayed coating as an interlayer on low-carbon steel substrates, were deposited by high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) on the cored wires. The high temperature oxidation behavior of the arc-sprayed FeMnCrAl/Cr₃C₂-Ni9Al and FeMnCr/Cr₃C₂ coatings on the low-carbon steel substrates was studied during isothermal exposures to air at 800 °C. The surface and interface morphologies of the coatings after isothermal oxidation after 100 h were observed and characterized by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion spectrum, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the oxidation weight gains of the coatings were significantly lower than that of the low-carbon steel substrate. Moreover, the FeMnCrAl/Cr₃C₂-Ni9Al coating registered the lowest oxidation rate. This favorable oxidation resistance is due to the Al and Cr contents of the aforementioned coating that inhibits the generation of Fe and Mn oxides. This is attributed to the interdiffusion between the substrates and the Ni9Al arc-sprayed coating, which can convert the mechanical bonding between substrates and coatings into a metallurgical one, thereby inhibiting the oxidation of interface between the low-carbon steel and the coating.     

高速电弧喷涂含稀土FeMnCrNiAl/Cr3C2复合涂层的组织与耐磨性能

利用高速电弧喷涂技术在20钢表面分别制备了含稀土和不含稀土的FeMnCrNiAl/Cr3C2涂层。结合光学显微镜、显微硬度、场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析等分析方法对喷涂层的微观组织、显微硬度、结合强度、常温滑动摩擦磨损、高温冲蚀磨损等性能进行研究。结果表明:FeMnCrNiAl/Cr3C2涂层具有较高的结合强度、显微硬度和耐磨性能,加入稀土能降低涂层摩擦系数、提高涂层常温滑动磨损和高温冲蚀磨损性能。     

Silt Erosion Characteristics of a Cr3C2-NiCr Coating Fabricated by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel （HVOF） Thermal Spray

A Cr3C2-NiCr coating was prepared by high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)thermal spray on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel.Phases and microstructures of the coating were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscopy(OM)and scanning election microscopy(SEM),respectively.The cavitation erosion resistance and silt erosion resistance of the coating were evaluated using a GB/T6383-2009 standard method in two experimental conditions(fresh water and water contained fine silt),compared with the coatings hydro machine material 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel.The coating shows a layered structure and has a significantly higher microhardness(11.97 GPa)than that of the 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel(2.1 GPa),which results in less mass losses both in cavitation erosion and silt erosion experiment.The HVOF coating has a predominant performance in the cavitation erosion and silt erosion resistance.The higher microhardness of the coating is the main cause which results in a less mass losses in the erosion experiments.And the mass loss usually happens at the edges of the pores.     

HVOF/AC-HVAF热喷WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的耐冲蚀性能

采用高速火焰热喷涂系统（HVOF/AC-HVAF）在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢表面制备了三种组织结构不同的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,通过料浆罐冲蚀试验机对三种涂层和0Cr13Ni5Mo基材的冲蚀行为和冲蚀机制进行了研究,重点分析涂层组织与耐冲蚀性能的关系. 结果表明,三种涂层的耐冲蚀性能均优于0Cr13Ni5Mo基材,冲蚀失重仅为基材的6% ~ 35%,组织越均匀、致密的涂层耐冲蚀性能越优. 低攻角冲击时,涂层冲蚀机制以粘结相去除,WC颗粒剥落为主,基材冲蚀机制主要为微切削;高攻角冲击时,涂层冲蚀机制以涂层剥落为主,基材的冲蚀机制主要为变形磨损. 涂层的组织决定了不同试验条件下涂层的冲蚀行为和冲蚀机制.     

Synthesis and Erosion Behaviors of Nanoscale Coatings Prepared by Wire Arc Spraying

The effects of erosive parameters,such as impact angles and environment temperature,on erosion properties of FeBSiCrMnNb nanoscale coatings were investigated.A series of coatings were prepared by wire arc spraying process.The microstructure of the coating consists of amorphous andα(Fe,Cr)nanocrystalline phase.The nanocrystals with average size of 39 nm are homogenously dispersed in amorphous matrix.The erosion results reveal that the coating exhibits better erosion resistance at lower impact angle.The erosion rates of the coating decrease as function of environment temperature.The relatively erosion resistance of the nanoscale coating is 3.7 times higher than that of AISI1045 steel substrate at 650°C.The main failure mechanism of the coating is brittle fracture.