混合稀土对Cu-Al合金薄板内氧化组织和性能的影响

采用内氧化工艺,以工业N2中余氧为氧源,在950℃使Cu-Al-RE合金薄板内氧化成功制备了Al2O3/Cu复合材料,并对其显微硬度、电导率进行测试,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对内氧化生成相和微观亚结构进行了分析.结果表明,与未添加混合稀土相比,Cu-Al-0.05(Ce+Y)合金950℃×2h内氧化层深度增加了22.8%,表现出明显的稀土催渗作用;TEM分析表明,在铜基体上弥散分布着大量细小均匀的γ-Al2O3颗粒;适晕添加混合稀土改善了合金的导电性,提高了合金的显微硬度,添加0.05%(Ce+Y)的Cu-Al-RE内氧化后综合性能最优.     

内氧化制备Cu-Al2O3/(Ce+Y)复合材料薄板带的组织和性能

采用内氧化工艺制备了Al2O3弥散强化Cu-Al2O3/(Ce+Y)复合材料,分析了其显微组织,并对冷轧变形的复合材料的微观组织和性能进行了分析.结果表明:Cu-Al-(Ce+Y)合金薄板内氧化后固溶的Al脱溶与[O]形成Al2O3,TEM分析表明,大量细小均匀的γ-Al2O3相弥散分布在铜基体上,粒径约为5～20 nm,粒子间距为10～50 nm,并且沿晶面(440)和晶向[1(1)(2)]析出;Cu-Al2O3/(Ce+Y)复合材料经60%变形后,Al2O3呈链状分布,与Cu晶粒被拉长方向一致,形成明显的纤维组织;Cu-Al2O3/(Ce+Y)复合材料的显微硬度和抗拉强度随变形量的增大逐渐增加.当变形量为80%时,显微硬度值约为内氧化后原始试样显微硬度的1.4倍,抗拉强度比原始试样的抗拉强度增加了165 MPa,而导电率下降约4%IACS.     

一种镍基合金在850℃和950℃熔融NaCl中的热腐蚀行为

采用X射线(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM/EDAX)等手段,研究了一种镍基合金在850℃和950℃熔融Na Cl的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:腐蚀期间,合金发生了高温氧化和热腐蚀行为;合金表面腐蚀产物分为3层,外层氧化物由Al2O3、Al Ta O4和Ni Cr2O4组成,中间层氧化物为Cr Ta O4、Ni WO4和WO3,而内层形成Al2O3内氧化物;且随腐蚀温度提高,合金表面的腐蚀层厚度及Al2O3内氧化层深度增加。     

Y2O3 对DZ125合金表面Cr-Al-Y渗层的组织结构及抗氧化性能影响

为进一步提高DZ125合金高温服役性能,通过扩散渗方法在其表面制备了稀土元素Y改性的Cr-Al共渗层,研究了Y₂O₃含量对渗层组织结构及抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明：不同条件下制备的Cr-Al-Y渗层均具有三层结构,由外向内依次为：Cr+Ni₃Cr₂外层,Ni₃Cr₂+Al₁₃Co₄中间层,以及Ni₃Al内层。当渗剂中Y₂O₃含量为0%～2%(质量分数,下同)时,渗层的厚度与密度显著增加;当稀土Y₂O₃的添加量过高时(5%),渗层的密度及厚度反而下降。1100℃高温氧化实验表明,Cr-Al-Y渗层显著提高了DZ125合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

Cu-Al-Y合金稀土渗铝层及内氧化研究

利用稀土化合物CeCl3对Cu-Al-Y合金表面进行催渗渗铝,采用工业N2中的余氧作为内氧化介质对Cu-Al-Y合金渗铝后的试样进行内氧化,从而制备Cu-Al2O3复合材料的新方法.研究结果表明稀土化合物CeCl3在渗铝和内氧化过程中有着明显的促进作用,能在Cu-Al-Y合金表面得到一层均匀的渗铝层.内氧化后,能在渗铝层形成Al2O3弥散硬化层.     

Cu-Al-Y合金稀土渗铝及内氧化研究

利用稀土化合物CeCl3对Cu-Al-Y合金表面进行催渗渗铝,采用工业N2中的余氧作为内氧化介质对Cu-Al-Y合金渗铝后的试样进行内氧化制备Al2O3/Cu复合材料的新方法,并进行了初步的试验研究与理论分析。结果表明:稀土化合物CeCl3在渗铝和内氧化过程中有着明显的促进作用,能在Cu-Al-Y合金表面得到一层均匀的渗铝层。内氧化后,能在渗铝层形成Al2O3弥散硬化层。     

稀土改性及渗铝处理对K38高温合金热腐蚀行为的影响

研究了添加0.1 mass%稀土Y和经过粉末渗铝处理的铸造K38高温合金900℃浸盐（盐的成分为75%Na2SO4+25% K2SO4）热腐蚀行为.结果表明,稀土Y改性和渗铝处理均提高了合金的耐蚀性.含Y合金促进了Al的选择性氧化;渗铝合金表面生成了一层连续的Al2O3膜,该膜层抑制了内氧化及内硫化的发生,显著提高了合金的耐蚀性能.     

添加0.1mass%Y的K38G高温合金1000℃恒温氧化行为

研究了添加0.1mass%稀土Y的铸造K38G高温合金在1000℃的恒温氧化行为.结果表明,较之不含Y的合金，含Y铸态K38G合金的氧化速率显著降低； 氧化时形成双层的外氧化膜，表层为以Cr2O3和TiO.2为主的混合氧化物层，内层为连续的Al2O3层；没有内氧化和内氮化，没有氧化膜的剥落，加入稀土Y有效地提高了氧化膜的粘附性能.     

含钛镍基合金在850℃和950℃的热腐蚀行为

研制了一种含钛镍基合金,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)等手段研究了其在850℃和950℃熔融硫酸盐中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明,热腐蚀期间,合金发生了氧化、硫化现象,合金表面腐蚀产物层可分为3层,外氧化层以Al2O3、Cr2O3和Cr2O4相为主,中间层为Al2O3相,内层为CrS和Ti2S硫化物层;随腐蚀温度提高合金表面腐蚀层的厚度增加,合金内氧化物区域和内硫化物区域加深。     

γ-TiAl表面NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层的高温氧化行为

采用磁控溅射和电弧离子镀技术在γ-TiAl合金表面制备NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层,研究了复合涂层对提高γ-TiAl合金抗高温氧化性能的作用机理。经950℃恒温氧化100 h后,涂层表面未发现裂纹和脱落,涂层试样氧化增重值较基体大幅减小。对氧化层进行了SEM、EDS和XRD分析,结果表明无保护涂层的基体γ-TiAl合金表层疏松多孔,无法抵抗高温环境下氧气对基体合金的侵蚀。复合涂层表面的NiCrAlY镀层在氧化过程中形成了Cr2O3,α-Al2O3和β-NiAl相组成的致密防护涂层,阻隔了氧气与基体的接触,中间的Al层为表层持续生成Al2O3提供了Al源。NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层显著提高了基体在950℃下的抗高温氧化性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.