Research on microstructural evolution and dynamic recrystailization behavior of JB800 bainitic steel by FEM

Single pass compression tests were conducted on Gleeblel500 thermal simulator.The effect of different deformation pa- rameters on the grain size of dynamically re,crystallized anstenite was analyzed.A mathematical model of dynamic re,crystallization and a material database of JB800 steel,whose tensile strength is above 800 MPa,were set up.A subprogram was compiled using Fortran language and called by Marc finite element software.A thermal coupled elastoplastic finite element model was established to simulate the compression process.The grain size of recrystallized austenite obtained by different recrystallization models was simu- lated.The results show that the optimized dynamic recrystallization model of JB800 bainitic steel has a higher precision and yields good agreement with metaliographic observations.     

Modeling of microstructural evolution during dynamic recrystallization in coarse Nb microalloyed austenite

The aim of the current study was to investigate the microstructural evolution during dynamic recrystallization in coarse Nb microalloyed austenite in thin slab direct rolling （TSDR） processing. A model was developed to predict the change of the austenite grain size during the dynamic recrystallization, by using the law of mixtures. The equations initially developed for partial static recrystallization were used for partial dynamic recrystallization, by adjusting the value of the constant. The results show that the change of the austenite grain size can be reasonably described by using the equations developed according to the law of mixtures.     

316LN热变形行为及动态再结晶晶粒的演变规律

采用热压缩试验研究了316LN不锈钢在温度1250℃-900℃,应变速率0．005s^-1～0．5s^-1,变形程度50％条件下的变形行为和组织演变;分析了变形参数对应力-应变曲线的影响规律,计算获得了该钢热变形应力指数和激活能;并通过动态再结晶晶粒演变规律的研究,建立了该钢热变形动态再结晶图,以及动态再结晶晶粒演变规律模型。研究结果可为316LN不锈钢锻造过程晶粒细匀化的控制提供科学的依据。     

Recrystallization of High Carbon Steel during High Strain Rate

The recrystallization of high carbon steel during high temperature and high speed rolling has been studied by analyzing the Stress-strain curves and the austenite grain size. Isothermal multi-pass hot compression at high strain rate was carried out by Gleeble-2000. The austenite grain size was measured by IBAS image analysis system. The results show that static recrystallization occurred at interpass time Under pre-finish rolling, and at the finish rolling stage, due to the brief interpass time, static recrystallization can not be found.     

微碳钢铁素体区热轧试验研究

在连铸连轧生产线采用铁素体轧制技术制备微碳钢热轧薄板,并对所制备薄板的组织、性能及织构进行分析。结果表明：铁素体轧制微碳钢热轧薄板的组织为完全再结晶铁素体,平均晶粒尺寸50 m左右。相对于常规奥氏体轧制,铁素体轧制薄板的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别下降了21%和6%,延伸率略有下降。热轧薄板的塑性应变比值为0.4,明显低于常规奥氏体轧制。薄板中存在较强的{001}织构是导致值较低的主要原因。     

Dynamic Recrystallization Prediction During Double Cup Extrusion by Cellular Automata Coupled with Finite Analysis Method

In order to investigate the microstructure evolution during a hot extrusion process, a cellular automata （CA） coupled with finite element method （FEM） was developed to numerically simulate the dynamic recrystallization （DRX）. Firstly, the cellular automata model was modified by introducing thermomeehanical parameters under the isothermal hot compression conditions. Then, the modified CA was verified by the experimental average grain size which was obtained by the hot compression of cylindrical specimens. After that, the modified CA was used to predict the microstructure evolution during a double cup extrusion by combining with the finite element method. The results showed that the strain rate and the temperature are sensitive to the average grain size while the strain can affect the DRX fraction greatly. In addition, the CA model can predict the final microstrueture successfully and is able to simulate the DRX phenomenon for a wide range of deformation conditions. It also revealed that the results obtained by CA model are consistent with the ones acquired by finite element analysis.     

Ultra-fine ferrite grains obtained in the TSDR process

By careful design of rolling schedule,ultra-fine （～2μm） ferrite grains in a low carbon high niobium （0.09wt%Nb） microalloying steel with average austenite grain sizes above 800 μm can be achieved in the simulated thin slab direct rolling process. The 5-pass deformation was divided into two stages： the refinement of austenite through complete recrystallization and the refinement of ferrite through dynamic strain-induced transformation. The effects of Nb in solution and strain-induced NbCN precipitates on the ferrite transformation were also extensively discussed.     

多道次轧制过程中超细晶粒控制

在高强度水平的基础上获得较高的韧性,控制热加工工艺实现晶粒尺寸超细化是最佳的途径之一。低碳管线钢的超细铁索体晶粒可以从相变前的超细奥氏体晶粒获得。通过优化轧制工艺使得奥氏体的动态再结晶发生在Z（Zeller-Hollomon）参数较大的工艺条件下,获得超细的奥氏体动态再结晶晶粒尺寸。然而,大的Z参数往往具有较大的动态再结晶临界应变。为了获得足够的应变积累来克服动态再结晶的临界应变,低温大变形量的变形是基本条件。提出了在多道次轧制过程中积累应变的条件以及避免混晶的技术路线,利用提出的模型对工业轧制工艺进行优化,模拟实验的结果得到了最终产品晶粒尺寸为1.5μm。     

中温压力容器钢12CrMo的高温塑性研究

通过热模拟试验对中温压力容器钢12CrMo连铸坯的高温塑性进行研究。在不同的变形温度下采用10-3s-1的应变速率对试样进行拉伸变形,测量拉伸断口的面缩率,并对拉伸断口的显微组织和析出物进行分析。结果表明,当变形温度高于900℃时,试样在拉伸过程中发生动态再结晶,其面缩率大于85%,表现出优良的高温塑性;当变形温度为850℃时,有大量细小的AlN在12CrMo钢中弥散析出,其尺寸约为10 nm;当变形温度降至800℃时,大量的先共析铁素体沿奥氏体晶界析出,形成网状结构,试样面缩率降至36%,12CrMo钢的高温塑性显著下降。     

Hot deformation behavior and flow stress model of F40MnV steel

Single hit compression tests were performed at 1 223-1 473 K and strain rate of 0.1-10 s-1 to study hot deformation behavior and flow stress model of F40MnV steel. The dependence of the peak stress, initial stress, saturation stress, steady state stress and peak stain on Zener-Hollomon parameter were obtained. The mathematical models of dynamic recrystallization fraction and grain size were also obtained. Based on the tested data, the flow stress model of F40MnV steel was established in dynamic recovery region and dynamic recrystallization region, respectively. The results show that the activation energy for dynamic recrystallization is 278.6 kJ/mol by regression analysis. The flow stress model of F40MnV steel is proved to approximate the tested data and suitable for numerical simulation of hot forging.     

H型钢热连轧工艺过程数值分析

根据Gleeble-1500实验数据,建立Q235流变应力模型,并由压缩试样的金相观测结果计算出Q235奥氏体再结晶模型的相关参数。通过FORTRAN程序将其复合到ABAQUS显式积分算法的求解过程中,并选择某典型规格H型钢七架次热连轧过程进行分析。结果表明,采用本法在分析轧件宏观尺寸变化的同时,可以实时计算其内部奥氏体晶粒的演化过程。     

82B高碳钢热变形行为研究

采用单道次热压缩实验方法,在Thermomaster-Z型热模拟试验机上模拟高碳钢高速线材热轧变形过程动态再结晶行为,测定82B高碳钢在变形温度为800～1 100℃、变形速率为0.1～50 s-1、变形程度为0～0.60条件下的真应力-应变曲线,利用曲线特征值确定高应变速率下的变形激活能,根据实验结果分析动态再结晶变形条件,建立动态再结晶状态图。     

Microstructural Features During Strain Induced Ferrite Transformation in 08 and 20Mn Steels

The microstructure evolution during strain induced ferrite transformation was followed in thermal-simulation tests of clean 08 and 20Mn steels. The influences of carbon equivalence and initial austenite grain size on ferrite grain refinement and the volume frac- tion of ferrite during straining were inspected. The results revealed that the accelerating effect of ferrite transformation by strain was increased as the carbon equivalence decreased. However, finer ferrite grains were obtained at higher carbon content. At strain of -1 .5 ferrite grains less than 3 μm and 2 μm can be obtained in 08 and 20Mn steels respectively. Whereas the ferrite grain refinement in 08 steel was due to both effects of strain induced transformation and ferrite dynamic recrystallization, that in 20Mn was mainly due to st fain induced transformation. Heavy strain can produce fine ferrite grains in coarse austenite grained 08 steel, but it would lead to band microstructure in coarse austenite grained 20Mn.     

冷轧TRIP钢两相区奥氏体化中合金元素的扩散

为了研究TRIP钢两相区奥氏体化过程中合金元素在奥氏体和铁素体中的分布,利用热膨胀仪、金相显微镜和电子探针等仪器,在对TRIP钢两相区奥氏体化过程进行热力学与动力学分析的基础上,建立了两相区奥氏体化过程的扩散模型,采用显式有限体积法对770℃和800℃的奥氏体化过程进行了数值求解.模拟结果表明：奥氏体生长初期受C元素在奥氏体中的扩散控制达到亚平衡,此时Mn元素在奥氏体与铁素体界面处的质量浓度差不显著;而奥氏体生长后期受Mn元素在铁素体中的扩散控制而达到最终平衡,此时Mn元素在奥氏体与铁素体界面处有较显著的浓度梯度.     

平面应变压缩条件下管线钢的再结晶研究

平面应变压缩实验机对X70管线钢在平面应变压缩条件下的再结晶行为进行了研究。研究表明在实验条件下，本钢种只发生动态回复，不发生动态再结晶。同时探索出一种新的管线钢原奥氏体晶界腐蚀方法。     

多道次热轧形变中混晶的细化规律研究

本文用定量金相的方法研究了多道次热轧形变条件下混晶奥氏体的细化规律。研究结果表明:形变在高温再结晶区进行时,起始奥氏体大晶粒或未再结晶晶粒明显细化,而小晶粒细化缓慢;形变在部分再结晶区进行时,主要是小晶粒或已再结晶晶粒细化,随温度下降,起始奥氏体大晶粒或未再结晶晶粒变得更难实现再结晶细化。此外,还研究讨论了产生上述结果的原因。     

稀土对4145H钻铤钢动态再结晶的影响

应用Geeble-1500D热模拟试验机分别对稀土含量为6×10-6和16×10-6的钻铤钢进行单道次压缩实验,测定其不同终轧温度下的真应力-真应变曲线,采用应变速率0.01 s-1,变形量60%,终轧温度为850,950,1050,1150℃,研究不同稀土含量,不同终轧温度对钻铤钢再结晶的影响。结果表明,稀土含量为16的钻铤钢能显著地抑制形变奥氏体的动态再结晶。     

Constitutive Modeling and Dynamic Recrystallization Mechanisms of an Ultralow-carbon Microalloyed Steel During Hot Compression Tests

The hot deformation behavior of an ultralow-carbon microalloyed steel was investigated using an MMS-200 thermal simulation test machine in a temperature range of 1 073-1 373 K and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s~(-1).The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing deformation temperature or decreasing strain rate.The strain-compensated constitutive model based on the Arrhenius equation for this steel was established using the true stress-strain data obtained from a hot compression test.Furthermore,a new constitutive model based on the Z-parameter was proposed for this steel.The predictive ability of two constitutive models was compared with statistical measures.The results indicate the new constitutive model based on the Z-parameter can more accurately predict the flow stress of an ultralow-carbon microalloyed steel during hot deformation.The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) nucleation mechanism at different deformation temperatures was observed and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and strain-induced grain boundary migration was observed at 1 373 K/0.01 s~(-1).     

奥氏体不锈钢晶粒度对晶间腐蚀速度的影响

晶间腐蚀是诱导奥氏体不锈钢产生破坏的主要原因,而晶粒度对晶间腐蚀速度的影响不容忽视。通过在敏化温度和固溶处理温度对奥氏体不锈钢进行相应的热处理,利用草酸电解腐蚀法观察金相组织,并评定其晶粒度大小,通过极化曲线腐蚀实验,比较了奥氏体不锈钢晶粒度对晶间腐蚀速度地影响。实验结果表明奥氏体不锈钢在不同热处理条件下,其晶粒大小随保温时间延长而增大。随着奥氏体不锈钢组织的晶粒粗大,其晶粒度越小,奥氏体晶粒的晶间腐蚀的速度减慢。     

High performance low cost steels with ultrafine grained and multi-phased microstructure

Ultrafine grained ferrite was obtained through tempering cold rolled martensite with an average grain size of 200―400 nm in a low carbon and a microalloyed steel. Thermal and mechanical stability of the two steels was studied. Due to the pinning effect of microalloyed precipitates on the movement of dislocations and grain boundaries, the recrystallization and grain growth rate were retarded, and the thermal stability of ultrafine grained microstructure was improved. The ultrafine grained ferritic steel was ...