用纳米颗粒成形法研制高温合金

美国桑迪亚国家实验室正在研制采用金属和合金纳米颗粒成形来制备高温合金的试验方法。研究人员采用辐射将材料的分子结构破坏并形成纳米颗粒，这种合成方法灵活，适宜于制备用其它方式不易制备的量大的高温合金纳米颗粒组分。根据反应剂的混合形态、剂量以及辐射剂量速率的不同，研究人员可以制备出不同形态的纳米颗粒，包括球形、棒形和棱形。     

金/银合金纳米颗粒的制备及光学吸收特性

以柠檬酸盐为还原剂,通过共还原氯金酸和硝酸银的混合溶液制备出Au／Ag合金纳米颗粒,用透射电子显微镜（TEM）对颗粒的形貌和尺寸进行了表征。300-800nm范围的吸收光谱研究发现,Au／Ag合金纳米颗粒具有单峰等离子体吸收特征,且随着反应液中氯化金和硝酸银的摩尔比的减少,吸收峰将产生蓝移。实验结果表明,Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒的光学吸收特性具有组分可裁剪性,使其在纳米尺度的光学领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

合金粉末柔性布的制备及微观结构研究

采用轧制工艺，将一定配比的合金粉末（ＮｉＣｒＢＳｉ粉、ＷＣ颗粒）与连结物混合制备成具有良好柔性的合金粉末布，用作钎涂层原材料。ＳＥＭ分析表明，在轧制过程中，颗粒状的连接物发生结构变化，形成纵横交错的纤维，成为合金粉末的载体。合金粉末的颗粒尺寸、形状对柔性的强度有影响     

Fe-Cr-Mo合金颗粒对磁流变弹性体损耗因子的影响

为改善磁流变弹性体(MRE)的阻尼性能,使用Fe-Cr-Mo合金颗粒(通过电火花方法制备得到)与硅橡胶混合制备得到了MRE样品.利用DHVTC振动测试系统测试了MRE在0~500 m T磁场范围内的动态剪切性能(激振频率为5 Hz,应变振幅为1.90%).重点研究了Fe-Cr-Mo颗粒对MRE的损耗因子的影响.结果表明,Fe-Cr-Mo合金颗粒含量达到70%时,MRE的零场损耗因子具有最大值0.24.此外,当磁场强度达到500 m T时,MRE(颗粒含量为60%)的损耗因子增加了13%.增加MRE中Fe-Cr-Mo合金颗粒含量,或者增大外磁场都会导致MRE损耗因子的提高.     

用火花等离子体烧结技术制成的钛复合材料

意大利特兰托大学用火花等离子体烧结技术制成了钛复合材料，研究了颗粒强化对粉末冶金Ti6A14V合金的微结构及力学特性的影响。采用了两种颗粒增强剂——TiB2和SiC，将其与合金粉末混合后，进行烧结。火花等离子体烧结要求温度不高，而且烧结时间也比一般短，从而使基质与增强剂间的相互作用达到最小。     

Fe50Cu50合金的X射线衍射分析

通过采用X射线衍射的方法，计算合金样品的晶格常数和颗粒尺寸，分析了亚稳态的Fe-Cu合金粉末在机械合金化过程中的微观结构的变化。实验结果表明，球磨40h可以实现Fe和Cu的均匀混合，形成纳米量级的合金。     

用火花等离子体烧结技术制成的钛复合材料

意大利特连托大学用火花等离子体烧结技术制成了钛复合材料，研究了颗粒强化对粉末冶金Ti6A14V合金的微结构及力学特性的影响。采用了两种颗粒增强剂——-TiBe2和SiC，将其与合金粉末混合后，进行烧结。火花等离子体烧结要求温度不高，而且烧结时间也比一般为短，从而使基质与增强剂间的相互作用达到最小。     

Au-Ag合金纳米球光学特性调控的理论研究

理论研究了Au-Ag合金纳米球的消光特性、近场场强特征,并分析了颗粒的半径及合金比对其光学特性调控。通过分析Au-Ag纳米颗粒的消光特性,研究发现通过优化组合颗粒半径和合金的比例,可以实现AuAg合金颗粒在可见光波段实现高通滤波;特定入射波长下,通过改变合金比例,可对纳米颗粒周围的场分布增强因子调控。     

超声波振动下SiC陶瓷颗粒与Zn-Al液态合金的相互作用机制EI北大核心CSCD

采用半固态机械搅拌结合超声波振动过程制备了SiC颗粒增强的Zn-Al合金复合材料,研究了超声波作用下SiC陶瓷颗粒与液态Zn-Al合金的相互作用机制。结果表明,超声波作用在Zn基复合材料上可以在液态Zn-Al合金内产生强烈的空化作用,空化作用可以破坏Zn-Al合金表面的氧化物及陶瓷颗粒表面吸附的气膜,使Zn-Al合金润湿裸露的SiC陶瓷颗粒表面并形成冶金结合。在超声振动下,SiC颗粒与Zn-Al合金界面非常平直且洁净,没有孔洞存在,是一种润湿型结合界面。     

钨合金材料的动态拉伸实验研究

采用旋转盘式间接杆-杆型冲击拉伸装置(SHTB)对颗粒度分别为2, 5μm和20μm的三种91%(质量分数)细化钨合金材料在动态冲击载荷作用下的力学性能进行了实验研究,分析了三种钨合金在应变率为0.001, 200, 500s-1时动态力学性能,给出了颗粒度大小与材料屈服强度的关系;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对动态拉伸实验中回收的试件断口进行断口分析,研究钨合金在不同应变率状态下材料的破坏特征,在动态拉伸载荷作用下钨合金材料呈现出一种混合破坏模式包括钨颗粒的劈裂以及颗粒与基体界面的开裂.     

Preparation and properties of cast aluminium alloy-granite particle composites

With a view to develop light weight, low cost and abrasion resistant material cast aluminium alloy composites dispersed with granite particles were prepared and their properties were evaluated. Natural mineral granite was crushed and treated prior to its incorporation in the aluminium alloy. Liquid metallurgy techniques was used to prepare composites involving the following steps: melting of aluminium alloy in graphite crucible, stirring of the melt, addition of granite particles and reactive metal in the melt and pouring the composite melt into permanent moulds. Physical, mechanical, tribological and metallographic properties of composites were studied. It was observed that there was reasonably uniform dispersion of granite particles in the matrix. Hardness and tribological (abrasive wear) properties of the base alloy improved considerably due to addition of the granite particles into it. This clearly indicates that these cast aluminium alloy based composites can be used as wear resistant materials.     

Preparation and properties of cast aluminium alloy–sillimanite particle composite

An attempt has been made to explore the possibility of using natural mineral namely sillimanite for synthesizing aluminium alloy composite through a solidification technique. The sillimanite particles were characterized in terms of X-ray, differential thermal analysis in order to examine their suitability for preparing the composite. An aluminium alloy (BS:LM6) was used as the matrix alloy. The sillimanite particles of mean size 140 μm (major axis) were used as reinforcement. The sillimanite particles were added into the matrix melt by creating a vortex with the help of a mechanical stirrer and the melt temperature was maintained between 750 and 800°C. The cast composite was characterized in terms of microstructural, mechanical and abrasive wear properties. It was noted that the sillimanite particles were reasonably uniformly distributed within the matrix and exhibited good mechanical bonding with the matrix. The strength of the composite was noted to be marginally lower than that of the base alloy but the hardness and the wear resistance of the composite were found to be significantly higher than those of the base alloy.     

WC、ZrO2 、Cr2O3 和Al2O3 陶瓷颗粒/ 镍合金复合涂层微观组织结构的分形

采用等离子喷涂工艺, 制备了WC、ZrO₂ 、Cr₂O₃ 和Al₂O₃ 陶瓷颗粒/ 镍合金复合涂层。用X 射线衍射研究了陶瓷颗粒复合涂层相的分布; 用里氏硬度计测量陶瓷颗粒/ 镍合金复合涂层的硬度; 用CSS-1110 电子万能试验机研究陶瓷颗粒复合涂层的弯曲断裂性能。对涂层金相组织结构进行二值化处理, 利用Sandbox 法对陶瓷颗粒在金属基体中的分布进行研究, 得到了不同体积分数下陶瓷颗粒复合材料涂层的分维数。结果表明,陶瓷颗粒/ 镍合金复合涂层分维数随陶瓷颗粒含量的增加而增加, 与陶瓷颗粒种类无关; 陶瓷颗粒/ 镍合金复合涂层硬度和分维数随陶瓷颗粒直径减小而增加。随着分维数的增加, 复合涂层弯曲断裂角下降。      

Synthesis of nanocrystalline AgPd alloys by chemical reduction method

Chemical reduction was used to produce nanocrystalline Ag-Pd alloy particles for applications in electronic component fabrication. The alloy particles were prepared at room temperature from formaldehyde-sodium hydroxide solutions and silver and palladium nitrates. Characterization of these particles by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) reveals bi-metal and nanocrystalline silver-palladium alloys. Energy dispersive and XRD analysis of these products shows a complete range of solid solution. Characterization of the morphology, and the oxidation behavior of the Ag-Pd alloy powders are reported.     

Influence of Mg Addition on Graphite Particle Distribution in the Al Alloy Matrix Composites

Al alloy matrix composites reinforced with copper-coated graphite particle have been prepared by melt stirring process in this work. The effect of the addition of Mg on distribution of the graphite particles has been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the micro-morphology of Al alloy matrix composites reinforced with graphite particles. Meanwhile, the content of graphite was analyzed in the different position of casting by dissolution method and the mechanical properties of the composites were detected. The results show that the content of graphite increase with increasing Mg content; the graphite particles distribute uniformly in the particle reinforced metal matrix composites (PMMC) with 0.6 wt pct Mg; however, the agglomeration of the graphite particles is observed obviously in the matrix when Mg content is more than 1.0 wt pct. In addition, the proper Mg addition amount is beneficial to enhance the mechanical properties of the graphite particles reinforced Al alloy matrix composites and the abrasion resistance of the materials due to a reduce friction coefficient.     

Synthesis of iron-copper alloy using electrical discharge machining

The present work investigates the novel route for the synthesis of Fe-Cu alloy using electric discharge machining (EDM). The Synthesis of Fe-Cu alloy is difficult by equilibrium processes because of their immiscible nature. An attempt was made to investigate the synthesis of Fe-Cu alloy by EDM process where the discharge can lead to a very high temperature and subsequent quenching to result in alloy formation. The electrode was made up of copper and die steel was used as workpiece. The characterization of generated debris was carried out by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nano-phase granular particles of Fe-Cu alloy were confirmed by TEM and selected area diffraction pattern analysis. SEM morphology results reveal that the generated particles were both, spherical and non-spherical shape and size ranging between 50?nm and 30?µm. The EDS analysis indicates that the spherical particles were Fe-rich and non-spherical particles were Cu-rich.     

Wettability of SiC and alumina particles by liquid Bi under liquid Al

In this paper a new experimental method to measure contact angle of liquid metals on solid particles under an immiscible second liquid metal is described. This includes efficient mixing of the three-phase system (two immiscible liquid metals with solid dispersed particles) with subsequent solidification. The micrographs of the cross sections of samples are analyzed for the distribution of the particles between the bulk of the two metals and the interface between them. As an alternative, exact positions of the particles can be measured at the interface between the two solidified metals. These two measurements are used to estimate the contact angle of one liquid metal on the solid particles under another, immiscible liquid metal. As an example, contact angle of a liquid Bi-rich alloy on SiC and alumina particles is measured under liquid Al-rich alloy. The liquid Bi-rich alloy was found to wet perfectly (with zero contact angle) alumina particles under liquid Al-rich alloy, while the contact angle on SiC is found to be around 88°. These contact angle data are shown to be relevant to control the stability of liquid metallic emulsions formed between the two immiscible liquid metals stabilized by the solid particles.     

原位自生TiC颗粒对Al8.5Fe1.4V1.7Si耐热铝合金的组织及性能的影响

利用原位自生技术向Al8.5Fe1.4V1.7Si耐热铝合金中添加一定数量的TiC颗粒,利用金相、X-射线以及透射电镜等手段,分析了材料的组织结构特点,研究了原位TiC粒子对材料的组织结构的影响规律,并测试了材料的力学性能.研究结果表明:原位TiC粒子可以有效地抑制合金中粗大相的产生,促进球状Al12(Fe,V)3Si相的形成;通过添加原位TiC粒子,可以将材料的力学性能提高10%左右,而材料塑性变化不大.     

镁-镍合金催化剂制备及纳米碳管生长模式研究

采用多元醇法制备镁-镍合金纳米粉末,并以此为催化剂制备纳米碳管,利用比表面和孔径分布测定仪、X射线衍射仪和透射电镜,研究镁-镍合金催化剂的性能和纳米碳管的生长模式。结果表明:Mg∶Ni值对镁-镍合金催化剂特性影响较大,其中Mg∶Ni为1的催化剂颗粒比表面积较大且平均粒径较小;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)用量增大,有利于提高催化剂颗粒的比表面积、减小平均粒径,但用量过大不利于Mg2Ni合成。在以镁-镍合金为催化剂制备碳纳米管的过程中,首先在催化剂表面形成碳膜,随后形成的碳膜将前期形成的碳膜及催化剂颗粒向外推挤,催化剂颗粒移动后遗留下中空隧道,最终形成碳管,由于纳米碳管尖端的催化剂颗粒反应后失去催化活性,碳管的生长动力主要来自碳管根部。     

Al-Si-Cu-Fe压铸合金搅拌摩擦加工表面改性后的组织及冲蚀磨损性能

目前,通过搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)表面改性来改善材料表面冲蚀磨损性能的报道较少。对Al-Si-Cu-Fe过共晶压铸铝合金实施了搅拌摩擦加工(FSP),利用扫描电镜(SEM)、二次电子像(SEI)、背散射电子像(BEI)及冲蚀磨损试验机,研究了FSP对铸铝组织演化及表面冲蚀磨损性能的影响规律。研究表明:压铸合金中除α-Al基体外,第二相主要为共晶Si、β-Al3(Fe,Mn) Si2相以及少量的初晶Si;经过搅拌摩擦加工后,第二相的类别未发生变化,但α-Al相及第二相颗粒均被细化;压铸合金中第二相为长宽比较大的颗粒,受到冲蚀后发生断裂,使颗粒与基体间形成微孔洞;而FSP合金中第二相颗粒长宽比较小,且分布均匀,因此冲蚀过程中脆性断裂较少,从而降低了冲蚀磨损过程中合金的冲蚀率;压铸合金及FSP合金冲蚀率均随着冲蚀攻角增大而减小。