西藏可再生能源的利用与农村能源的可持续发展

本文着重介绍了地处青藏高原的西藏可再生能源资源的发展历程,分析了西藏农牧区能源利用现状、西藏农村能源可持续发展面临的主要困难,提出了其解决的对策,为西藏农村能源可持续发展建设提供了依据。     

我国2007年农村可再生能源发展现状与趋势

据农业部对全国农村可再生能源统计结果表明,目前农村居民生活用能呈稳步增长趋势,农村可再生能源发展迅速,能源消费结构以秸秆和薪柴为主,但存在着商品能源消费城乡差距较大,地域差异显著等问题.分析表明,商品能源无法满足中国农村能源发展需求.我国拥有丰富的可再生能源资源,可供农村地区开发利用的可再生能源主要包括太阳能、风能、小水电、地热能、生物质能.为促进在我国农村地区发展可再生能源产业,建议采取完善可再生能源开发利用的政策法规体系,消除可再生能源开发利用的市场障碍,加大资金投入力度,多能互补开发农村能源,加快服务体系建设等措施.     

农村可再生能源适用技术的经济性分析

在农村和城市能源消费模式有很大的区别,在城市能源消费具有相当的密集性,而大部分可再生能源由于其资源密集度较低以及市场竞争能力不足不适宜在城市应用,但在农村则不会造成很大问题,因为农村的用能密集度也不高。一些可再生能源利用技术在农村发展和生态环境保护中发挥了重要的作用,促进了农村的可持续发展。文章将以实例研究的形式重点讨论几种适用山区农村和平原农村的可再生能源利用技术的经验性及其适应性。     

北京农村可再生能源的发展战略

在分析北京市可再生能源的资源条件、利用历史及发展现状的基础上,提出了今后一段时间北京农村可再生能源的发展战略,即围绕把北京农村建设成为全国可再生能源利用的高水平示范区这一中心目标,抓好可再生能源开发与节能两个关键环节,聚焦太阳能热利用、生物质燃气和住房节能改造3个战略重点,实施可再生能源产品研发与技术升级、示范区工程、服务体系等6项重要建设内容。最后,从资金、市场、政策、技术与服务等方面提出了促进北京农村可再生能源发展的具体保障措施。     

黄河三角洲可再生能源利用现状分析及对策

黄河三角洲具有丰富的可再生能源,科学合理地开发利用可再生能源,对于黄河三角洲的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。文章阐述了黄河三角洲风能、太阳能、地热能、生物质能等可再生能源资源及利用现状;深入分析了开发利用中存在的问题;有针对性地提出了加快制定黄河三角洲可再生能源专项规划、组建黄河三角洲可再生能源专门管理机构、制定黄河三角洲可再生能源利用运行机制、深化拓展黄河三角洲可再生能源开发利用和营造可再生能源开发利用的社会氛围等相关对策。     

西藏能源利用现状及发展探讨

能源安全是西藏的现代化建设的重要基础,尽管西藏能源建设取得很大进展,但形势仍不容乐观。本文在全面分析了西藏未来发展的能源资源基础、能源生产和消费特点和以生物质能为主能源消费结构对环境的影响的基础上,提出了未来西藏能源发展的方向是积极引导和鼓励调整能源消费结构,充分利用太阳能、风能和水能等可再生能源,减少生物质能源消费。     

我国农村能源发展状况与未来展望

能源和电力是美丽乡村建设的组成部分。本文回顾了农村地区的能源发展成果;界定了农村地区的能源供求体系;重点分析了农村地区的能源消费结构和可再生能源资源开发状况以及农村能源发展面临的主要问题;指出在我国农村地区存在着能源和电力发展的不平衡和不充分的突出矛盾。     

西藏可再生能源开发适宜度评价

以西藏太阳能、风能、水能三大可再生能源为研究对象,运用空间多准则决策法,选取能源资源禀赋、地形地貌、道路交通和土地利用等相关的评价准则与指标,对西藏可再生能源开发适宜度的时空分布进行评估。结果表明：西藏约80%的区域全年可开发三大可再生能源;藏西北适宜太阳能、风光互补开发,藏东南适宜水能、水光互补开发,全区几乎无可进行风水互补和风光水互补开发的区域。     

安徽省农村能源产业化发展现状及对策

阐述了安徽省生物质能、太阳能等可再生能源资源开发利用及产业化发展的过程及现状,分析了存在的问题和农村能源开发利用的有利形势,就促进全省可再生能源产业发展提出了对策和建议。     

中国可再生能源发展论坛在京隆重召开

为庆祝《中华人民共和国可再生能源法》的正式实施，由中国能源研究会、中国可再生能源学会（原中国太阳能学会）、中国农村能源行业协会、中国资源利用协会可再生能源专业委员会、北京新能源与可再生能源协会主办，大美国际资讯公司承办的中国可再生能源发展论坛于2006年1月12～13日在北京成功召开。     

我国当前的能源问题及未来能源发展战略

能源短缺、能源安全、农村和偏远地区的能源供应、以煤为主的不合理能源结构、能源消费对环境的影响以及能源利用效率是我国能源领域面临的问题。全面解决这些问题，需要制定适合中国国情的中国能源发展战略，其内容应包括：合理的能源供应路线，从国内外两个方面保证能源安全；优化能源结构，提高清洁、高效的优质能源的消费比例，使得能源消费能够协调经济与环境的可持续发展，并且因地制宜发展可再生能源保证农村和偏远地区的能源供应；提高能源效率，推进节能技术进步，发挥市场作用，促进能源效率提高；能源消费的环境友好性，这有赖于能源消费结构的优化和能源效率的提高。     

Drivers,barriers, and strategies for implementation of renewable energy technologies in rural areas in Bangladesh—An innovation system analysis

Bangladesh has good potential for harnessing renewable energy sources such as solar, biomass, wind, and mini-hydropower. The country has been experiencing a gradual shift towards exploring renewable energy resources as a driving force for rural development. A few public sector and non-government organizations have started to develop renewable energy technology (RET) projects in rural areas. The lessons learnt from different demonstrations of RET projects reveal that with careful forward planning renewable energy can provide far-reaching economic, environmental, and social benefits to people living in remote rural areas in Bangladesh. This paper identifies some of the barriers that need to be overcome for the successful development of renewable energy technology sector and betterment of rural livelihoods. It does so through a critical review of policy and institutional settings, as well as present status and lessons learnt from pilot demonstration of a number of RET projects undertaken by different organizations. The study highlights policy implications of the review with the aim of supporting decision makers in formulating renewable energy policies and future plans for Bangladesh.     

中国农村能源发展现状及“十二五”展望

近年来,我国高度重视农村能源建设,投资力度不断增加,政策法规体系初步建立,农村沼气已实现跨越式发展,太阳能热利用持续快速增长,秸秆能源化利用也取得初步进展。但还存在着优质能源比例低、城乡差距大、投资结构不合理以及市场化程度低等问题。建议在"十二五"期间,按照"因地制宜、多能互补、综合利用、讲求效益"的发展方针,大力推广农村可再生能源和节能技术,采取完善政策法规、开发农村能源市场等措施,促进农村社会经济可持续发展。     

Rural energy development in Iran: Non-renewable and renewable resources

Rural areas in Iran are necessarily linked to agriculture with very little diversification. These communities are solely dependent upon the fortunes of one or two primary enterprises. This is an extremely tenuous situation and these communities must diversify to insure economic and social viability. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify problems and difficulties encountered in the social–economic infrastructure as related to rural energy development and (2) present the non-renewable and renewable energy resources and assess the current energy generation and consumption rates. The analysis show that while there are numerous non-renewable and renewable energy resources available, problems such as cultural barriers and lack of appropriate mentality about energy impede the much-needed development in the rural areas of country. To fulfill rural energy needs, renewable energy plants must be developed locally all across the country: hydro and geothermal in the northern and western areas, wind in the eastern and the southern planes, and solar energy in the central desert plateaus. In conclusion, proper distribution of subsidies and adaptation of new efficiency laws are identified as areas for improvements.     

China''s energy-challenges and strategies

In this century, China started facing five major challenges in the energy field: energy supply, shortage of liquid fuel, environmental pollution, green house gas (GHG) emission, and energy supply in rural areas. In this paper, the Chinese energy development strategy and general technical scheme (including energy conservation, utilization of coal, alternative fuel and renewable energy) are discussed, and some key scientific problems in the fundamental research of energy are put forward.     

开发利用生物质能是我国农林业发展的重要领域

我国有丰富的生物质资源,开发潜力巨大。农林业部门要担当重任,充分利用土地资源,发展能源农业和能源林业,使生物质能成为我国立足国内开发的一个主要能源品种,为我国能源安全和全球环境保护做出贡献。同时,生物质能开发利用也将是建立以农村为上游的一个新型能源产业链,形成新的经济增长点,增加农民收入,成为新农村建设的一个重要领域。     

A review of energy in Rwanda

During the last two decades, Rwanda has experienced an energy crisis mostly due to lack of investment in the energy sector. With the growing of the population and increasing industrialization in urban areas, energy provided by existing hydro and thermal power plants has been increasingly scarce with high energy costs, and energy instability. Furthermore, as wood fuel is the most important source of energy in Rwanda, the enduring dependence on it and fossil fuel consumption as well, will continue to impact on the process of environmental degradation. Rwanda is rich with abundant renewable energy resources such as methane gas in Lake Kivu, solar, biomass, geothermal; and wind energy resource is currently being explored. Recently, the Government has given priority to the extension of its national electrical grid through development of hydro power generation projects, and to rural energy through development of alternative energy projects for rural areas where access to national grid is still difficult. This paper presents a review of existing energy resources and energy applications in Rwanda. Recent developments on renewable energy are also presented.     

Resource analysis of the Chinese society 1980–2002 based on exergy—Part 2: Renewable energy sources and forest

This second part is the continuation of the first part on fossil fuels and energy minerals. The major renewable energy sources and forest products entering the Chinese society from 1980 to 2002, including sunlight, wind power, tidal power, wave power, geothermal power and heating, biomass, hydroelectric resource and forestry products, are calculated and analyzed in detail in this paper. The solar exergy inputs from solar photovoltaics and solar collectors, including water heater, solar oven and solar building, are calculated and discussed. The development of the wind power plant is presented. Major tidal power plants, which are still working, are addressed. Wave power devices and plants are introduced. Geothermal resources, mainly for power generation and heating, associated with distribution, are depicted. The utilization of biomass, embracing firewood, straw and biogas, which served as the main obtainable local resources for private consumption and production in the rural areas, is illustrated. Development of hydroelectric resources as complement to scarce fossil fuels is represented, of which the small hydropower project adapted for rural areas is emphasized. Finally, forest products from timber forest and economic forest are presented, with the forestation, reproducing, tending areas and sum of odd forestation trees being manifested.