Reduction of Excess Sludge by Magneto-Ferrite Treatment: Observation on Lab Scale WWTPs

We have reported the effect of magneto-ferrite treatment on the growth of excess activated sludge in laboratory scale with extended aeration method. This magneto-ferrite treatment is a new approach for reduction of excess sludge by using ferrite particles and permanent magnets. Two miniature waste water treatment plants were used at the laboratory, one of which was run with magneto-ferrite treatment, whereas other one was run without any treatment. The observations showed good results in the reduction of excess sludge. No evidence of excess sludge was found with magneto-ferrite treatment. The results showed good possibilities of reducing sludge in the arena of biological waste water treatment. © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Recent technical trends in permanent magnet synchronous motors

This paper presents an overview of the recent technical trends in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), especially the rare earth (RE)‐less PMSMs that have been developed in Japan. The RE‐less PMSMs, along with PMSMs with reduced RE permanent magnets (PMs), PM‐assisted synchronous reluctance motors (PMASynRM) with ferrite PMs, spoke‐type interior PMSMs (IPMSMs) with ferrite PMs, and axial‐gap PMSMs with ferrite PMs, are reviewed. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A three-degrees-of-freedom Maglev system with actuators and permanent magnets

A magnetic suspension system with linear actuators and permanent magnets (instead of electromagnets) has been developed. In this system the bearing forces are controlled by adjusting the air gaps between permanent magnets and the levitated object (a circular disk). This system uses less energy and exhibits none of the overheating of coils typical of systems employing electromagnets. This paper describes a disk suspension system with three degrees of freedom. The system can operate either with a decentralized (distributed) feedback control system or with a centralized (lumped) one. Feedback gain matrices are calculated for each type of control system. The performances of the two types of control systems are compared by numerical simulations and experiment. This work is part of an effort to develop a magnetic levitation conveyer system.     

永磁铁氧体多极磁环磁场取向和充磁系统研究

在传统的干压成型永磁铁氧体生产工艺基础上,研究了采用永磁体产生径向取向多极磁场和多极脉冲充磁方法,论述了干压成型时外加磁场和多极脉冲充磁夹具具体的技术环节。该方法相对独特易行,能在生产中广泛应用。     

混合动力汽车ISG用混合永磁同步电机转子研究

设计了一款混合动力汽车集成式起动发电机(ISG),用钕铁硼和铁氧体混合永磁的永磁同步电机(PMSM)。分析了两种永磁体的结构参数对电机磁路的影响规律,推导了钕铁硼和铁氧体并联磁路的约束条件;以铁氧体的不可逆退磁量和电机的基本性能为优化目标,通过场-路结合的方法,确定了钕铁硼和铁氧体的结构参数;并与传统的钕铁硼PMSM在电机性能和永磁体成本等方面进行了比较分析。研究结果表明,所提出的ISG混合永磁电机能有效地减少永磁体材料成本和铁氧体退磁风险,电机性能达到了设计要求。     

少稀土组合磁极Halbach永磁同步电机优化设计

针对稀土永磁同步电机(PMSM)对稀土永磁材料依赖性大的问题,提出一种少稀土组合磁极Halbach PMSM,永磁体采用Halbach充磁方式。阐述了该电机新型转子的磁钢结构,其中主磁极由双层永磁体组成,上层磁钢为钕铁硼永磁材料,下层磁钢为铁氧体永磁材料,辅磁极磁钢也为铁氧体永磁材料。以电磁转矩、转矩脉动和齿槽转矩为优化标准,对电机每极永磁体块数、充磁角度、永磁体材料和永磁体厚度等电机参数进行优化。采用定子斜槽结构降低齿槽转矩。优化后的少稀土组合磁极PMSM在保证转矩性能的情况下,减少了永磁体用量,降低了电机成本。最后通过有限元法分析该电机在空载和额定负载下的特性,验证了该电机设计的合理性。     

尼龙6粘结锶铁氧体永磁材料的制备与性能

以尼龙6和锶铁氧体磁粉为原料,采用热压成型工艺,制备各向同性粘结锶铁氧体永磁体。主要研究了原料的混合方式、磁粉的改性状态以及含量对材料磁性能(剩余磁通密度Br,内禀矫顽力Hcj,最大磁能积(BH)max)和力学性能(耐压强度Rc)的影响。结果表明,挤出造粒可以有效改善磁粉在尼龙6中的分散性,硅烷偶联剂的加入显著提高了磁体的力学性能。当未改性磁粉含量为90 wt%时,磁体具有良好的磁性能:Br=159 mT,Hcj=236 kA/m,(BH)_(max)=4.5 kJ/m~3,改性磁粉含量为85 wt%时,磁体的力学性能最佳(R_c=52.1 MPa)。     

Alnico magnet‐based cost‐efficient design of a permanent magnet reluctance generator for wind energy conversion systems

In this work, a 6/4 permanent magnet reluctance generator (PMRG) with Alnico magnets is designed for small‐scale wind energy conversion systems and its performance is analyzed by finite element analysis. A simple converter topology is proposed to protect the Alnico magnets from demagnetization. Thus, NdFeB magnets, which are predominantly used in electric machines, can be directly replaced by Alnico magnets without changing the size or location. Since Alnico magnets are very cheap, the design cost can be significantly reduced without losing much from the generator performance. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Measurement and analysis of AC loss of NdFeB sintered magnet

NdFeB sintered magnets are widely used in rotating machines. As the conductivity of NdFeB sintered magnets is fairly high compared with that of ferrite magnets, the eddy current loss due to slot ripple, etc., cannot be neglected. If the eddy current loss of permanent magnets becomes large, the temperature of the permanent magnet becomes high and the thermal demagnetization becomes serious. Therefore, it is required to evaluate AC loss of the permanent magnet. But the measurement of AC loss of the permanent magnet under serious operating conditions has not yet been reported. In this paper, the AC loss of NdFeB sintered magnet was measured using a newly developed closed‐type measuring equipment. It is shown that the coaxial double coil is useful for accurate measurement of the magnetic field. The eddy current loss and hysteresis loss of the permanent magnet are obtained by the loss separation. It is illustrated that the hysteresis loss is larger than the eddy current loss in the range of less than several hundred hertz. The appropriateness of measurement is verified by the numerical analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 154(4): 8–15, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20213     

Calculation of the Characteristics of Salient‐Pole Synchronous Machines Assisted by Permanent Magnets on the Basis of the Operating Principle

In this study we investigate a method for accurately calculating the characteristics of salient‐pole synchronous machines assisted by permanent magnets. First, the operating principle of the machines is investigated by using both finite element analysis and a simple magnetic circuit. Then, a theoretical representation of the assist effect on the permanent magnets is derived based on the magnetic circuit. Finally, the measured and calculated results are compared in order to confirm the validity of the proposed calculation method. We show that the load characteristics of the proposed machine can be accurately estimated from the no‐load and short‐circuit characteristics of the conventional machine without permanent magnets, and the size and magnetization of the inserted permanent magnets.     

高性能内置式铁氧体永磁电动机特性研究

本文阐述了一种高性能的内置式铁氧体永磁(IPM)电动机,其转子磁极结构由4块形状、尺寸相同的铁氧体磁体组成,通过对磁体尺寸及配置结构的优化设计,该电机非常便于安装和批量化生产。采用数学软件分析方法,对两者的效率和磁特性进行分析比较,它们性能基本一致,但价格仅为稀土永磁钕铁硼磁体的1/4~1/3,该电机以其优越的性价比,有望获得广泛应用。     

Technical evolution of permanent magnet synchronous motors for home appliances

This paper reports on the highly efficient motor technologies used in home appliances in Japan. The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is especially suitable because the use of permanent magnets does not require any extra current to produce magnetic power in the rotor, or any other kind of energy. In Japan, there has been a rapid shift from induction motors to PMSMs, and in this paper we will show several examples of PMSMs as applied to the home appliance field. It can be seen that great improvements have been made in high‐efficiency motor technologies. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

颗粒尺寸对注塑铁氧体/尼龙12复合材料流动性和磁性能的影响

制备颗粒尺寸不同的铁氧体磁粉,采用混炼工艺制备铁氧体/尼龙复合材料,研究了颗粒尺寸对复合材料流动性和磁性能的影响,结果表明,当铁氧体大小颗粒尺寸之比大于4时,两者级配可以使复合体系获得最佳的流动性.对颗粒尺寸影响机理的研究表明,小颗粒的尺寸下限在0.5μm附近,大颗粒尺寸上限在5μm附近,当大、小颗粒及尼龙体积分数分别...     

稀土永磁材料绝缘特性研究

稀土永磁材料具有金属基的导电性,因高频交变场环境下磁体内出现涡流效应而降低磁性能,难以稳定正常工作,尤其是无法应用在高转速电机领域.本文对磁体内涡流的分布特征进行了分析,揭示了稀土永磁合金微晶结构分布对磁体绝缘特性的影响.并从宏观角度通过对磁粉的绝缘包覆以及复合粉粒夹杂截流的方案设计,找到制备具有优良电绝缘特性、高性能复合稀土永磁体的有效途径.     

Multiobjective optimum design method with anti‐demagnetization of high‐density permanent magnet synchronous motor

This paper presents a method of multiobjective optimization design with anti‐demagnetization aiming at the problem of irreversible demagnetization in high‐density permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) due to temperature and external magnetic field, at the same time considering the volume of permanent magnets and cost, torque ripple, and core loss. In the first step, a two‐dimensional magnetic network model is used to rapidly assess the basic design parameters and its ability to avenge the anti‐demagnetization of the PMSM. In the second step, the finite element method (FEM) is used to design the key parts of motor, and regression models that solve the model of the multiobjective problem are built based on the simulation experiment data. On this basis, multiobjective optimization result using genetic algorithm is used that can achieve a fast and efficiently global optimal solution. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A Flux‐Modulating Synchronous Machine with Permanent Magnet Excitation

This paper presents a novel type of flux‐modulating synchronous machine (FMSM) in which permanent magnets (PMs) are embedded in the stator back‐iron. The rotor has neither windings nor PMs. A prototype machine with an outer‐rotor configuration was designed and manufactured to validate the operating principle of the FMSM. The characteristics in the motor mode of the prototype machine were also investigated with a vector control system. The results of the investigations show that, as in surface‐mounted PM motors, the torque of the FMSM is predominantly generated by the PM flux and can be controlled using the armature current.     

汽车启动电机用高HCJ永磁铁氧体材料

用在汽车启动电机上的永磁铁氧体材料需有高内禀矫顽力ＨＣＪ,通过配方调整,添加附加成分,采用合理的工艺,制得的永磁铁氧体内禀矫顽力达３８０ｋＡ／ｍ,杜绝了低温退磁现象,满足了汽车启动电机的需要。     

Performance Evaluation of an Axial‐Type Magnetic‐Geared Motor

This paper first proposes an axial‐type magnetic‐geared motor that uses permanent magnets only in the high‐speed rotor. The operating principle of this motor is described and the torque–speed characteristics are computed by using three‐dimensional finite element method analysis. In order to increase the torque density, a novel axial‐type magnetic‐geared motor with permanent magnets on the high‐speed rotor and stator is also proposed. The torque–speed characteristics are compared to the original model with permanent magnets only on the high‐speed rotor. Finally, the computed torque–speed characteristics are verified against measurements on a prototype.     

轴向磁场电机永磁体空载涡流损耗减小方法对比研究

减少轴向磁场电机永磁体空载涡流损耗的方法主要有：减小定子槽开口宽度、增大气隙长度、永磁体分块、使用屏蔽层和磁性槽楔等。基于轴向磁场电机的简化二维分析模型,分析了减小定子槽开口宽度和增大气隙长度、使用屏蔽层和磁性槽楔降低空载涡流损耗的效果。通过三维电磁场仿真,研究了永磁体不同分块方式对减少空载涡流损耗的效果。研究结果表明,减小定子槽开口宽度的效果最佳;虽然增加气隙长度可以显著减小涡流损耗,但永磁体用量迅速增加;永磁体分块减小涡流效果较好,且周向分块方式最好;屏蔽层起反作用;使用分段磁性槽楔效果比减小定子槽开口宽度稍微差一点,但加工难度要低些。     

Variable Magnetization Machine in Electrified Vehicle Application

This paper describes variable magnetization machines, which are capable of varying the magnetization state (MS) of permanent magnets during operation. A pulse current on the stator windings creates a magnetic field on the rotor; this can be used to manipulate the MS of the rotor magnets. Regulating the MS according to the machine operating condition can reduce machine losses. A proof‐of‐principle machine was designed and fabricated. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the torque–speed envelope and efficiency contours of the fabricated machine. A full‐scale machine was then designed with a modified magnetic circuit for application to an electric vehicle and evaluated using finite element analysis. A control strategy for the MS during machine operation is proposed, and the losses during a driving cycle with the strategy were evaluated.