Experimental and clinical validation of using enterosorption in mechanical jaundice

Experiments in 119 rats with the model of mechanical jaundice have shown the efficiency of enterosorption with polyphepan. The development of the pathological process was found to improve, lethality of the experimental animals to decrease. Favourable changes of the laboratory indices characteristic of endotoxemia were noted. The mechanism of medical action of enterosorption is realized by means of intensification of transfer of masses of metabolites and toxins through the intestine wall and their excretion through the gastrointestinal tract. One of important mechanisms of the medical action of enterosorption is the stimulation of intestinal peristalsis which is confirmed by data of the dynamics of bioelectrical activity. Enterosorption performed in 60 patients with mechanical jaundice was followed by a more rapid improvement of the general state, decrease of the indices characteristic of endotoxicosis as compared with 60 patients of the control group. The frequency of postoperative complications and lethality were reliably lower.     

Clinical and bacteriological studies on panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics. Kanagawa Research Group for Infectious Diseases of Children

Following its introduction into the market, PAPM/BP (panipenem/betamipron) was clinically studied in 188 evaluable cases out of 207 cases primarily of respiratory infectious diseases treated at the pediatric departments of 15 hospitals. In the clinical evaluation, the drug proved effective in three of three cases of sepsis; three of three cases of suppurative meningitis; nine of ten cases of laryngopharyngitis, six of seven cases of tonsillitis, 56 of 63 cases of acute bronchitis, 90 of 98 cases of pneumonia, and one of one case of phyothorax, all of which are respiratory infectious diseases; one of one case of secondary infection of a chronic respiratory disease; and two of two cases of lymphadenitis, which is a disease of the soft dermal structure. The overall efficacy rate was 91.0% (171/188 cases). In the bacteriological study, Gram-positive bacteria were eliminated in five of five strains of S. aureus, 30 of 31 strains of S. pneumoniae (96.8%), and three of three strains of S. pyogenes. Gramnegative bacteria were eliminated in 15 of 17 strains of H. influenzae (88.2%), three of four strains of M. catarrhalis, and two of two strains of K. pneumoniae. The overall elimination rate was 92.1% (70/76 strains). In the 23 strains of S. pneumoniae that were examined, penicillin-resistant strains accounted for 56.5%, showing an elimination rate of 100%. No serious adverse effects were observed, and the incidence of adverse effects was 1.45%. As for abnormalities in laboratory tests, levels of GOT and GPT increased in eight cases (3.88%), LDH increased in one case (0.48%), and neutropenia occurred in one case (0.51%). These results suggest that PAMP/BP could be considered the first choice in the treatment of infectious diseases in pediatrics, due to its effectiveness and high level of safety.     

When the dentist becomes a retailer. The dos and dont''s of selling items to patients

Automation of routine operations of photomorphometry of blood smears realized in the MEKOS-C cytoanalyzer helped create a new level of using a set of cytological tests, such as assessment of the leukocyte and erythrocyte formulae and of the histogram of hemoglobin distribution in red cells, estimation of leukocyte subtypes, assessment of the characteristics of the nucleolar system and the nucleoli-forming sites. Automated complex analysis of an increase in the measured characteristics of red and white blood cells impossible in common microscopy and flow cytoanalyzers appreciably improves the sensitivity and accuracy of tests and extends the range of their application. Low cost of analysis of a blood smear permits the use of MEKOS-C not only in clinical studies, but even in overall prophylactic screenings of the population.     

Morphological changes in the central nervous system of animals depending on the dosage and time elapsed after exposure to low let radiation

Analytical review of the morphological investigations of cerebral cortex neurons of various animals shortly after exposure to X- and gamma-radiation was made. Considered were data of qualitative and quantitative analyses of dystrophic changes in neurons of the sensorimotor cortex of the large cerebral hemispheres of rats immediately and a long period since X-irradiation. Results of the quantitative analysis of structural disorders in the central nervous system neurons suggest radiation-produced damages early after exposure of animals to relatively low doses. Higher incidence of irreversible changes in neurons of the experimental animals, as compared with intact controls, was stimulated by the doses of no more than 0.25 to 1.0 Gy. The relative number of structural disorders in neurons and percentage of irreversibly impaired cells rose proportionally to the dose growth and further delay of the time of investigation. Possible mechanisms of delayed disorders that led to a massive building-up of the number of dystrophic neurons following 3 to 4 months post irradiation of rats are discussed.     

Healthy meningococcal carriers in 1973 in Greece. Sensitivity of the isolated strains to minocycline, rifampicin and sulphadiazine (author's transl)

The frequency of healthy carriers of meningococci in Greece in 1973 has been studied by examining 1105 nasopharyngeal swabs from 731 recruits, during the four recruitment periods of this year. The frequency of healthy carriers among inductees within 24 hours from the arrival in the Camp was 38.9%. After a stay of 35 to 40 days in the training Camp the frequency of healthy carriers rose to 66.4%. Among all the soldiers examined, 24.5% were carriers of meningococci of group B, 13.2% of non-typable strains, 8.1% of autoagglutinable strains, 4.1% of meningococci of group A, 3.7% of meningococci of group C and smaller percentages of strains of groups X, Y, Z and of cross-agglutinating strains. The prevalence of carriers of meningococci of groups A and C and of autoagglutinable strains was higher among recruits who have been in the Camp for 35 to 40 days. The prevalence of carriers of the other serogroups was about the same among the inductees and the other recruits. No significant differences were found in the frequency of carriers of each serogroup among soldiers on their arrival, who were permanent residents of urban or rural areas of various parts of the country. No significant seasonal variation was noted in the frequency of carriers of each serogroup. Frequent changes of the group of meningococci harboured were noted among 374 recruits examined upon their arrival, as well as after 35 to 40 days of residence in the training Camp. Among 534 strains of meningococci examined none was resistant to either minocycline or rifampicin. Among 226 strains isolated from inductees, 44.7% were resistant to 1 mug/ml of sulphadiazine, while among 235 strains isolated from recruits after they have been in the Camp for 35 to 40 days, 57.9% were resistant to that sulphonamide.     

Long-term survival in spinal cord injury: a fifty year investigation

On the model of experimental acute anaemia of rats, induced by injection of phenilhydrazine, the influence of calcium precipitate of double-stranded RNA (Ca-ds-RNA), introduced during the crise of anaemia, on the process of erythron restoration, was studied. In the presence of Ca-ds-RNA the number of pro- and erythroblasts in fission increases by 1.5 times, compared with "pure" anaemia situation, and accordingly there is a marked decrease in the share of microcytes, which play an important role in the restoration of cell number, and in the erythron recovery after the crise of anaemia. Less pronounced is the influence of Ca-ds-RNA on the macrocytosis, which keeps its value in spite of the increase in the speed of development and of the number of normocytes after Ca-ds-RNA introduction. The mechanism of Ca-ds-RNA inclusion in the system, which controls the process of erythropoiesis during anaemia, is discussed. A conclusion is drawn that Ca-ds-RNA may directly affect the inductive stage of erythropoiesis, stimulating the formation of competent erythroid cells in population of stem haemopoiethic cells and their proliferation. Further development of bone marrow cells takes place according to the known programme of erythropoiesis whose variations are stimulated by the current conditions of its realization, but not by the presence of Ca-ds-RNA.     

Evolution of the epidemic process as a form of solution to its internal contradictions

The author formulated the main contradition of the epidemic process consisting of contradiction between the interaction of the motive forces of the epidemic process, since this contradiction at the same time served as the imperative condition of the origination and as the cause of the subsequent arrest of the spread of infection. The main contradiction of the epidemic process is expressed in reduction of the number and limited activity of the sources of infection, attenuation or arrest of the mechanism of transmission of the causative agents, formation of immunity in the population, the appearance of hereditary resistance in the hosts to the causative agent of the infection. The action of the principal internal contradiction of the epidemic process in the course of evolution conditions genetic variability of the causative agents of the infectious diseases, intensification of the mechanisms of excretion of the parasites from the host organism, and increase of their resistance in the external environment, formation of latent forms of infection.     

通钢FTSC薄板坯连铸机黏结的机制分析和控制实践

黏结问题是通钢FTSC薄板坯连铸生产的主要难题之一,其产生的主要机制是铸坯与结晶器铜板之间的 摩擦力增大引起的坯壳断裂。针对通钢现有生产条件,通过对钢水成分、保护渣性能、工艺参数、钢水过热度等进 行优化调整,使黏结率得到了有效的控制。     

The advanced display of behavioral reactions in sensory deprived rat pups

Bilateral section of nervus medianus was made in Wistar rat pups on 13, 14, 15 or 16-th days of life. Developmental analysis of motor abilities, locomotor and exploration activities during 10-30 days of life revealed three groups of facts. 1. Partial deafferentation of forelimbs don't influence on some types of behavior. 2. Some motor abilities hindered in rat pups with section of nervus medianus. 3. Partial deafferentation of forelimb gives rise to the faster appearance of the new types of behavior. The developmental analysis allowed to suggest that faster appearance of certain behavior reactions after deafferentation of the forelimbs is a result of actualization of latent sensory inputs including in the organization of these types of behavior but it is not connected with changing of velocity of morphological maturation.     

The vital tasks of preventive medicine

The article discusses the actual problems of prophylaxis in common system of troops medical supply and defines the subsequent reformative ways of preventive medicine. First of all, the necessity of organized principles revision of prophylactic direction is connected with the fact of main health indices negative dynamics of Armed Forces personal, indicative of weakening of all types of prophylactic work. These are prophylactic work among recruits during their adaptation to military service conditions, prophylactic medical examination, tempering, fiscal training and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. However, we shouldn't forget about positive experience accumulated in the past, as much as possible we should use the achievements of military medical science. For further development of preventive direction of troops and fleet medical supply the priority ways of essential tasks decision of military medicine have been planned. It is necessary to connect the decision of concrete tasks with general perspective of introduction in Armed Forces of region system of servicemen medical supply.     

Peculiarities of cosmonauts fauces flora]

In the course of the work done the specific and quantitative composition of the streptococcal autoflora of the fauces of the cosmonauts and the members of backup drew was investigated. In populations of isolated microorganisms the non-pathogenic streptococci have dominated among which S. salivarius prevailed. The same species has constantly been isolated in all the cosmonauts, pre- and postflight. Observation of the microflora state of the fauces at different stages of their professional activity made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of an individual dynamics in the number of nonpathogenic streptococci isolated from tampon depending on the participation of the test-subjects in the previous space missions. This is evidently a reflection of the effect of psychoemotional tension on the state of colonization resistance (CR) of the fauces mucosa and, as result of this, on its microflora. In turn, the occurrence of the individual species of conditionally-pathogenic streptococci after the mission points to a decrease in the CR under effect of unfavourable factors of space mission.     

Semantic and syntactic processes in aphasia: A review of the literature.

Reviews recent investigations of lexical and syntactic aspects of language comprehension in aphasia. It is argued that these studies support theoretical assumptions concerning the functional independence of various components of normal language processing. Studies of the structure of the lexicon in aphasia provide support for componential theories of lexical semantics in that different types of features of meaning can be selectively disrupted under conditions of brain damage. Studies of sentence comprehension support the existence of a syntactic mechanism that is independent of lexically based heuristic strategies for assigning meaning. There is evidence that these independent elements of language are subserved by different portions of the dominant hemisphere of the brain. Focal brain damage can thus cause selective disruption of components, allowing the separation of elements that are highly integrated in the normal adult. It is suggested that studies of aphasic language, therefore, provide a valuable source of constraints on theories of normal language processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Properties of porous metals based on wire grids with square cells. II. Hydraulic and filtering characteristics

Conclusions As the result of a theoretical and experimental investigation of the hydraulic and filtering characteristics of porous grid materials of grids with square cells analytical relationships were obtained for calculation of these parameters based on the geometric dimensions of the grids, the parameters of the porous grid material production operation, and the structural characteristics of the material.An increase in the number of layers of grid in the material leads to a decrease in the coefficient of permeability of the porous grid material. At the same time, as shown experimentally, the value of Kp is practically independent of the number of layers with N > 7.With an increase in the number of layers of grid in the packet and in the degree of its reduction in rolling the filtering characteristics of porous grid materials of grids with square cells improve. At the same time for any nominal fineness of filtration of the material there exists a certain combination of values of N and providing the minimum weight of a filter element of porous grid material with a specified nominal fineness of filtration of the liquid.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 12(276), pp. 70–74, December, 1985.     

Genetic features of the spatial organization of the human cerebral cortex

The within-pair similarity of the topographical maps of the spatial synchronization of the cerebral cortical potentials was studied in 11 pairs of monozygotic twins and 20 genetically unrelated subjects in the resting state and during four types of intellectual activity. It was demonstrated that the degree of similarity of the topographical maps is higher in the resting state in the monozygotic twins than in the genetically unrelated subjects. No frequency band of the EEG which exerts a special influence on the formation of the high degree of similarity of the spatial synchronization of the potentials was found. The maximal similarity in the topographical maps of the monozygotic twins is observed in the anterior regions of the left hemisphere and in the temporoparietal regions of the right. Differences between groups are recorded in both regions; however they are especially distinct in the right hemisphere. The data obtained make it possible to draw an inference regarding the influence of a genetic factor not only on individual components of the EEG (which had been previously demonstrated by a number of authors), but also on the systemic organization of the cortical processes. The right-hemispheric activity apparently relates to the most controllable genetic processes. The results of the analysis of the similarity of topographical maps during various types of activity confirm this: the coefficient of similarity reaches the level of significance in the majority of pairs of monozygotic twins only in a "right-hemispheric" test (simultaneous analysis of nonverbal material).     

The management of military medical service as a scientific and academic discipline

Scientific generalization of the medical units maintenance experience in wars and armed conflicts of the second half of the XX century and at occurrence and liquidation of consequences of the extreme situations in view of further development of the military--medical science, its differentiation and formation of new scientific disciplines and theories. Justified necessity for medical service management theory in a relatively independent branch of the military medical service--medical science. The distinctive attributes of the scientific discipline are indicated. The definitions and the structure of the object and the subject of the theory of management of the medical service are given, and new laws are formulated. The purpose, problem and contents of management of the medical service as educational discipline is determined. Some questions of coordination of its fundamental and applied parts are discussed.     

Post-traumatic regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric and intestinal mucous membranes of dogs

The work was devoted to the study of the sources of reparative regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric and intestinal mucosa. A number of surgical interventions on the stomach and intestine of 1 dogs were performed for the solution of this problem. On the basis of the investigations carried out the leading role in the regeneration of the gastric and intestinal mucosa was found to be played by uninjured epithelium surrounding the area of the surgical intervention. This was confirmed by the fact that a mucosa-free intestinal pedicle graft implanted into the defect of the wall of the stomach was covered by gastric mucosa; a stomach graft devoid of own mucosa became covered with intestinal mucosa when displaced in the form of a cylindrical "insertion" into the intestinal tube; mucosa-free stomach pouch became obliterated; this could be reliably attributed to the absence of the main source of regeneration -- uninjured mucosal epithelium along the periphery of the defect. No regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric mucosa from the implanted cells was revealed; this served as an additional confirmation of the fact that regeneration under conditions of the mentioned experiments occurred on account of creeping of epithelial cells surrounding the area of the surgical intervention over the free surface of mucosa.     

Implementing change: influencing the process

Necessity of perfection of both facilities and professional activity of psychiatric service in Russia was grounded. The analysis of legislation and standardized documents of the last 5 years illustrates the process of elaboration and realization of both federal and regional programs of financial and technical support of psychiatric institutions in the country. This process was considered with regard of the region's type, necessity of continuous (both pre- and postdiploma) education of psychiatrists, psychotherapeutists, medical psychologists and specialists on social care. Mechanisms of financial support of the measures directed at differentiation of psychiatric care were proposed.     

Influence of main components and transition metals on the structure and properties of melt-quenched high-strength aluminum alloys of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system

The application of melt quenching for the production of high-strength heat-treatable Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys is considered. The complex multifactor mechanism of hardening of these materials is explained on the basis of their structure and mechanical properties, and a quantitative estimation of individual hardening factors is presented. The influence of the main alloy components on the phase composition, structure and properties of the alloys has been analyzed, and the ultimate total contents of the components and their weight ratio that ensure the optimal set of properties are determined. In addition, the advantage of complex allying of these alloys with various groups of transition metals is established. The possibility of implementation of these approaches is illustrated by the example of production of high-strength melt-quenched Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.