MIG焊电弧声信号与熔透状态相关性

电弧声作为焊缝熔透状态监控的潜在源信号,对焊接过程质量控制和自动化生产的实现具有重要意义.以MIG焊平板对接射流过渡过程中产生的非平稳电弧声信号为研究对象,采用小波变换技术取得了良好的信噪分离效果,达到有效抑制噪声目的.在此基础上,通过合理地选择样本数据,从时域、频域和时频联合3个角度研究分析电弧声信号与焊缝熔透状态之间的内在相关性,发现电弧声信号能量及其频谱特性与熔透状态高度相关,其中1 500～4 500 Hz频率段信号能量的变化可准确地检测出焊接过程熔透状态的改变.结果表明利用电弧声信号进行熔透状态监控是可行的,为MIG焊接过程质量监控提供了一种廉价而有效的新途径.     

脉冲MIG焊建模仿真分析及弧长控制

针对脉冲MIG焊过程中的电弧稳定性问题,建立基于尖端不稳定熔滴过渡理论的焊丝熔化动态电弧模型,并对焊接过程中的电弧电压、电弧长度及熔滴过渡尺寸进行仿真,得到与实际焊接相似的电弧电压波形,分析脉冲电流下熔滴过渡频率及影响电弧稳定性的因素,且进行弧长稳定控制的仿真研究,在此基础上运用快速原型技术建立铝合金脉冲MIG焊控制系统,采用电弧电压反馈对铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程进行送丝调节的弧长控制试验。研究表明:所建立的铝合金脉冲MIG焊焊丝熔化动态电弧模型很好反映了实际焊接过程,揭示出脉冲MIG焊焊接过程中熔滴过渡时间间隔具有一定的不确定性和电弧长度的不稳定性,通过电弧电压反馈控制可显著改善铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程电弧系统的稳定性。     

A6N01铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接接头工艺研究

激光电弧复合焊是一种低成本、高适应性的焊接方法,在铝合金、不锈钢等难焊金属中,可不同程度的减少和消除了焊接缺陷。以A6N01铝合金为研究对象,进行了焊接坡口设计,研究了间隙变化量对焊缝成形的影响以及进行了焊接接头残余应力检测。结果表明:为了满足激光-MIG复合焊接的工艺,需要设计单独的坡口型式。通过降低焊接速度,间隙为2.0 mm时仍可获得良好焊缝成形。MIG焊接,激光-单丝MIG焊接、激光-双丝MIG焊接,沿着焊缝的应力除个别区域外,皆为小于150MPa的压应力,激光-单丝MIG焊接的焊件整体应力值较小。     

TIG-MIG复合焊电弧间相互作用对焊接过程的影响

根据毕奥-萨伐尔定律,对惰性气体钨极保护-熔化极惰性气体保护(Tungsten inert gas-metal inert gas,TIG-MIG)复合焊TIG-MIG电弧间相互作用模型进行改进;结合不同倾斜电弧下电流密度分布的自适应模型,建立TIG-MIG复合焊的电弧力-热模型。对不同焊接电流下TIG-MIG复合焊电弧倾角展开计算,分析复合焊电弧间相互作用力对工件上热流密度分布和焊缝成形的影响,发现两电弧之间存在的排斥力能够增加TIG电弧的垂直度,从而提高TIG电弧热流密度,同时MIG电弧是影响TIG-MIG复合焊焊缝成形的主要因素。研究复合焊焊枪间距和两焊枪的前后位置对焊接过程的影响,发现TIG焊枪在前、MIG焊枪在后的方式更有利于焊接过程稳定。计算结果与试验结果的对比表明,所建立的模型能够较好地描述TIG-MIG复合焊接物理过程,这对优化其焊接工艺参数具有一定的指导意义和实际应用价值。     

基于电弧光谱的钢熔化极惰性气体保护焊质量判识

通过对熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊(MIG焊)电弧光谱分布进行采集,研究其光谱分布的基本特征,并基于光谱分布的分析,通过预设干扰因素,对不同特征谱段光谱信号随焊接过程的变化进行采集,寻求MIG焊接质量在线光谱测控的理论依据和工程实现.研究结果表明,MIG焊电弧光谱在不同谱段存在金属谱线和Ar谱线聚集区.在不同弧长下的不同熔滴过渡形态,其光谱信号在特征谱段得到明显反映,电流变化引起的焊道变宽也有很好的特征信号;不同干扰因素引起的焊接缺陷,在焊接电弧光谱信号不同谱段的分布和变化规律不同,通过对特征谱段信息的采集,可以获得关于焊接过程信息的特征信号,从而实现对MIG焊接质量的分类判识.     

基于小波消噪与LMD的埋弧焊交流方波电弧信息提取

埋弧焊交流方波电弧电信号存在畸变,影响焊接过程电弧稳定性和焊缝成形质量,针对于此,在对采集的埋弧焊交流方波电弧电流信号进行小波包降噪后,利用局部均值分解(local mean decomposition,LMD)对电弧电流信号进行自适应分解,获得若干个具有真实物理意义的PF(product function)分量,并对PF分量集进行Hilbert变换及能量熵计算。结果表明,利用小波消噪与LMD能有效得到埋弧焊交流方波电流波形畸变的不同频率成分及其幅值在时间特征尺度上的变化特征,在此基础上通过Hilbert变换及能量熵计算可以有效提取反映焊接过程电弧稳定性和焊缝成形质量的电弧特征信息。     

铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程双变量解耦控制

针对铝合金脉冲熔化极惰性气体保护焊(Metalinert-gas welding,MIG)过程中,焊接参数匹配范围窄、参数间耦合作用强、焊接过程不稳定、焊缝成形差等关键问题,提出双变量解耦的控制方案.利用视觉传感同时反馈熔宽和干伸长信号,一方面调整双脉冲占空因数进行可变双脉冲熔宽控制;另一方面,在熔宽控制的同时,改变送丝速度同步控制干伸长,在控制焊缝成形的同时保证焊接过程的稳定.设计模糊PID控制器,采用基于xPC的实时目标环境,建立铝合金脉冲MIG焊快速原型控制平台,在此基础上,利用图像视觉传感和相应的图像处理算法,采用补偿解耦的方法进行双变量解耦控制试验,获得了良好的解耦控制效果,得到熔宽均匀的焊缝.结果表明,采用双变量解耦的控制方案能够实现铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程的控制,在保证焊接过程稳定的基础上,实现了良好的焊缝成形.     

铝壳体纵缝MIG+TIG同步焊工艺研究与应用

针对中厚度铝合金壳体纵缝的焊接,利用现有的焊接设备进行试验,尝试开发了一种能够保证铝合金壳体纵缝气密性探伤要求的焊接方法,采用MIG焊与TIG焊合理配置搭配和工艺参数选择,解决了MIG焊焊接纵缝易产生气孔,探伤合格率低的问题。而TIG焊熔深浅,生产效率低的问题,利用MIG焊和TIG焊各自的优点,在同一台焊接操作架上把MIG焊和TIG焊合理搭配,通过工艺参数的优化选择,实现了利用现有的焊接设备焊接中厚度铝合金壳体纵缝的目的。保证了焊缝质量,提高了劳动效率,经过对比试验后,认为铝壳体纵缝MIG+TIG同步焊焊接中厚度铝合金壳体纵缝是较为经济高效的焊接方法之一。     

5A06铝合金不同焊接位置焊接工艺参数研究

针对5A06铝合金缺乏全位置焊接工艺这一问题,采用三个不同的焊接位置分别设置三组不同参数对其进行焊接,研究焊接位置对工艺参数和接头性能的影响。试验结果表面,采用钨极氩弧焊（GTAW）方法焊接5A06铝合金,钨极直径2.5 mm,焊接速度50 mm/min,电弧电压16 V,平焊焊接电流100 A,气体流量10 L/min,立焊焊接电流90 A,气体流量9 L/min,横焊焊接电流90 A,气体流量9 L/min,三组参数能确保焊缝表面成型良好,无焊接缺陷产生;平焊、立焊和横焊焊接后焊缝金相组织由α(Al)固溶体、β相+不溶杂质相组成,由于热输入的影响,焊缝冷却速度慢,延长了焊缝中Al-Mg共晶形成的时间,焊缝组织呈现带状或条状,母材组织呈现等轴晶状,焊缝晶粒较母材粗大;焊接过程中5A06铝合金强化力学性能元素Mn和Mg受到高温电弧作用被烧损,因此三种焊接位置焊缝硬度均比母材低,因平焊时焊接电流比横焊和立焊大,平焊焊接区域Mn和Mg元素烧损比立焊和横焊大,平焊焊缝硬度比立焊和横焊低,由于电流差距较小,硬度差值小,为5A06铝合金焊接工艺选取提供参考。     

2A12铝合金薄板MIG焊工艺研究

采用MIG焊对母材进行焊接,研究焊接参数对焊缝成型的影响,结果表明,MIG焊焊接过程中,焊接参数焊接电流、焊接电压和焊接速度对焊缝形状影响显著,焊接电流、焊接电压及焊接速度对焊缝余高和熔宽影响差异很大。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF DROPLET TRANSFER IN CO_2 LASER-MIG HYBRID WELDING WITH SHORTCIRCUITING MODE

LF6 aluminum alloy plates with 4.5 mm thickness are welded in this experiment.Welding is carried out by using the CO2 laser-MIG paraxial hybrid welding in flat position. The experimental results indicate that the inherent droplet transfer cycle time of conventional MIG arc is changed due to the interaction between CO2 laser beam and MIG arc in the short-circuiting mode of laser-MIG hybrid welding. Because of the preheating action of CO2 laser to electrode and base material, the droplet transfer frequency of MIG arc is increased in the hybrid welding process. When laser power is increased to a certain degree, the droplet transfer frequency is decreased due to the effect of laser-induced keyhole. Furthermore, through analyzing the MIG welding current and arc voltage waveforms and the characteristics of droplet transfer in the hybrid welding process, the effect of laser energy and the action point between laser beam and arc on the frequency of droplet transfer and weld appearance is investigated in details.     

铝合金MIG+激光复合焊接工艺研究

研究轻量化轿车用3A21铝合金M IG 激光复合焊接工艺,探讨工艺参数对焊缝成型的影响规律及激光与电弧的复合作用。试验结果表明,采用M IG 激光复合焊接工艺可以显著提高熔深和焊速,达到采用小功率激光焊机实现铝合金的激光焊接。在比较宽的工艺参数范围内M IG YAG激光复合焊接铝合金具有焊缝成型美观等优点,熔深和焊速均显著提高,大大提高生产率。     

Effect of laser on the welding process of short-circuiting transfer MIG welding of aluminum alloys

In this paper, the effect of laser on the welding process in metal inert gas (MIG) welding of aluminum alloys was studied exploiting high-speed imaging and welding electrical signals collecting. Bead-on-plate welding experiments were conducted using conventional short-circuiting transfer MIG welding and laser-short-circuiting transfer MIG hybrid welding. The obtained results point out that it took less time to strike the arc in laser-MIG hybrid welding, and the stability of arc striking was increased. When the laser was introduced into the arc atmosphere, the arc was compressed, and the welding energy was more concentrated. The arc cathode spot was fixed to the laser beam impinging spot, so the arc could burn stably. In laser-MIG hybrid welding, the droplet short-circuiting transfer stability and the weld appearance were improved significantly. Moreover, an analysis method of judging droplet transfer stability which bases on statistical techniques was proposed. By this method, it can be concluded that the short-circuiting transfer process became more stable in laser-MIG hybrid welding.     

An application of genetic algorithm for edge detection of molten pool in fixed pipe welding

This paper presents a study on an application of genetic algorithm (GA) for edge detection of molten pool in fixed pipe welding. As circumferential butt-welded pipes are frequently used in power stations, offshore structures, and process industries, it is important to investigate the characteristic of the welding process. In pipe welding using constant arc current and welding speed, the bead width becomes wider as the circumferential welding of small-diameter pipes progresses. In order to avoid the errors and to maintain the uniform weld bead over the entire circumference of the pipe, the welding conditions should be controlled as the welding proceeds. This research studies the intelligent welding process of aluminum alloy pipe 6063S-T5 in fixed position using the AC welding machine. The monitoring system used an omnidirectional camera to monitor backside image of molten pool. A method of optimization for image processing algorithm using GA was proposed and has been implemented into a process to recognize the edge of molten pool. The result of detection, which is back bead width, was delivered into a fuzzy inference system to control welding speed. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the control system that is confirmed by a sound weld of the experimental results.     

Feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of arc sound under typical penetration status in metal inert gas welding

Arc sound is well known as the potential and available resource for monitoring and controlling of the weld penetration status,which is very important to the welding process quality control,so any atten...     

Optimization of weld bead geometry in the activated GMA welding process via a grey-based Taguchi method

We optimized the weld bead geometry of 6061 aluminum alloy welds pre-coated with activating flux before gas metal arc (GMA) welding. In this activated GMA welding process, there were five single component fluxes used in the initial experiment to evaluate the penetration capability of bead-on-plate GMA welds. Based on the higher penetration of weld bead, two single component fluxes were selected to create mixed component flux in next stage. The grey-based Taguchi method was employed to obtain the optimal welding parameters that were considered with multiple quality characteristics such as penetration, depth-to-width ratio (DWR) and fusion area of GMA welds. The experimental procedure of the proposed approach not only increases penetration of 6061 aluminum alloy welds, but also improves the DWR and fusion area of GMA butt-joint welds simultaneously.     

TIG-MIG双面对称焊焊缝成形机理研究

就纯铝中薄板,通过单面TIG、MIG和TIG-MIG双面对称焊工艺试验对比,利用ANSYS有限元计算软件进行了TIG-MIG双面对称焊熔池的数值模拟,研究了TIG-MIG双面对称焊的熔池特征及焊缝成形规律。研究表明,TIG-MIG双面对称焊的热源静态累积效应和动态热阻效应使得此焊接方法熔深大大增加,TIG、MIG熔池在焊接过程中发生交汇并在电弧力、熔池表面张力和重力等作用下达到平衡,并由此形成焊缝反面成形。TIG-MIG交汇熔池的稳定性决定焊缝的反面成形特征。     

铝合金双面双弧同步立焊工艺特征与接头组织性能分析

采用双面双弧同步立焊工艺方法,对8 mm厚5083铝合金进行自熔试验,I形坡口一次熔透,焊缝成形美观。通过调节两侧电弧热量配比研究熔池成形规律,并从焊接接头的微观组织、力学性能分析其连接机理。研究结果表明,随着热输入的增加,双面双弧同步立焊热量加速集聚,熔深以三次幂函数的速度增大。双面双弧同步立焊接头轮廓呈“双曲线形”,而相同热输入下的单面焊接头则呈“倒马鞍形”。总热输入一定的情况下,双面双弧接头正面熔宽随能量配比系数的增大而增大,反面熔宽随能量配比系数的增大而减小,中间熔宽基本不变,熔化面积随能量配比系数的增大先增大后减小;能量配比系数一定时,随着焊速的增大,接头熔宽和熔化面积均减小。母材组织为条带状纤维织构,热影响区发生静态回复与再结晶,变形组织消失,产生新晶粒,焊缝区主要由α-Al固溶体、β相(Al8Mg5)质点和骨骼状的Mg2Si析出相组成。焊缝的抗拉强度随着能量配比系数的增大而减小,拉伸断裂形式为韧性断裂。热影响区出现软化现象,双弧交汇区硬度低于正面焊缝区。     

Prevention of humping bead associated with high welding speed by double-electrode gas metal arc welding

Manufacturing productivity can be improved by increasing the welding speed. However, humping bead will occur when welding speed is beyond a certain value. An experimental system of double-electrode gas metal arc welding (DE-GMAW) was developed to implement high speed welding and prevent from humping bead formation. The DE-GMAW appropriately partition the heat energy between the wire and the base metal so that higher deposition rate of filler wire and suitable shape and size of weld pool are ensured. The arc images captured during DE-GMAW process were used to optimize the geometric parameters between the gas tungsten arc welding and the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) torches. The main arc and bypass arc integrated well and satisfactory weld bead formation was obtained. Through observing the weld pool behaviors from side view during DE-GMAW process, it was found that the height of both solidified and molten region at the pool tail is almost flat so that no humping bead was formed during DE-GMAW with the welding speed up to 1.7?m/min. The side view images of weld pool in DE-GMAW were compared with those in conventional GMAW, and the reason why DE-GMAW can suppress humping bead is shortly discussed.     

Mathematical models for control of weld bead penetration in the GMAW process

This paper presents the effects of welding process parameters on weld bead penetration for the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Welding process parameters included wire diameter, gas flow rate, welding speed, arc current and welding voltage. The experimental results have shown that weld bead penetration increased as wire diameter, arc current and welding voltage increased, whereas an increase in welding speed was found to decrease the weld bead penetration. However, the weld bead penetration is not affected significantly by gas flow rate changes. Mathematical equations for study of the relationship between welding process parameters and weld bead penetration have also been computed by employing a standard statistical package program, SAS.