Monte carlo simulation of a probability screen

The interaction of a probability screen with spherical particles was simulated in a computer model. Repeated runs were made using randomly selected, slightly differing initial conditions, from which the penetration probability was obtained at a particular particle size under given screen operating conditions. The calculations were then repeated with differing particle sizes and operating conditions, and the results were found to compare favourably with experimental data obtained in a previous study. It was shown that the stochastic model correctly predicts the effects of the principal operating variables (screen angle of inclination and aperture size, frequency and amplitude of vibration). Because of excessive computer time requirements of this model a second, semi-empirical non-stochastic model was developed whose results closely match those of the earlier model. The second model is suitable for incorporation into a plant simulation computer package.     

Solution to spatial inhomogeneity on video monitors

One problem with the use of computer graphics monitors in vision experiments is spatial inhomogeneity: phosphor output intensity can vary between screen locations. This feature complicates accurate display of stimuli—either output must be confined to a small portion of the screen or variability must be accepted. We have developed a platform-independent spatial compensation algorithm to correct for variance in output luminances over the surface of the screen. We have implemented and tested this algorithm on our own graphics system. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Computer-based automation of concentration measurements with ion-selective electrodes

An integrated computer system consisting of an expandable ionanalyzer and a PC has been used to automate concentration measurements with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). The ionanalyzer determines ionic concentrations using a reference electrode coupled with an ISE. The measurements and calibrations are carried out in a thermostated sample changer equipped with a flow cell. The data obtained by the ionanalyzer are sent via a standard RS 232-C interface to a microcomputer. In this paper, we describe the automatic data acquisition system and the subsequent processing of the measurements. One program (Transorion) automatically collects the measurements carried out by the ionanalyzer, giving a real-time graphic representation of the measurement on the computer screen. A second program (Graforion) facilitates the management of the data stored by the first program, and listing and graphics of these can be obtained on the printer/plotter. The method has been used to study continuous concentration changes in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.     

Periodic cycling of plate columns: Analytical solution

An analytical solution of the equations for periodic cycling of plate columns has been obtained in a closed form which is suitable for rapid calculation on a computer. The solution covers a wide range of parameters including the slope of the equilibrium and operating lines, plate efficiency, fraction of the liquid holdup transferred per cycle and the number of plates in the column. It is shown that under certain conditions improvements of more than 100% in the separating ability of plate columns are theoretically possible when the column is operated in the periodic cycling mode.     

Computer aided operability analysis via interactive graphics

A comprehensive computer-aided design methodology utilizing the highly interactive capabilities between a graphics computer and the user is described. The program, CHESOPS, enables a flexible simulation of any arbitrary chemical process by synthesizing the process design about several steady state values and extending the analysis to the effects of design changes on process operability. In this way the process may be visualized within a dynamic environment from which interactive control system design and dynamic simulation takes place. The highly flexible nature of the program enables efficient and comprehensive investigation of alternative designs, control structures, and optimal operating conditions.     

SYSMAC CJ1系列PLC在铝阳极氧化线中的应用

以欧姆龙SYSMAC CJ1系列PLC为例,介绍PLC与触摸屏、上位机一起组成的工业自动控制系统,在大型铝阳极氧化自动线中的应用。     

Competitive Biosorption of Acid Dyes from Binary Solutions onto Enteromorpha prolifera: Application of the First Order Derivative Spectrophotometric Analysis Method

The biosorption of Acid Red 274 and Acid Red 337 dyes from single and binary solutions on Enteromorpha prolifera was investigated in a single stage batch system. The first order derivative spectrophotometry was tested in order to analyse the studied binary solutions of the selected dyes. The single- and multi-component Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the experimental equilibrium data and the isotherm parameters were estimated. It was observed that the uptake amounts of the first component decreased with increasing concentration of the second component from binary solution. As a result, the binary biosorption of AR274 and AR337 dyes on E.prolifera have an antagonistic effect. The binary biosorption of AR274 and AR337 dyes in a single stage batch system was modelled and the equilibrium concentrations of the exit stream were found by using the experimental equilibrium curves and operating lines for the biosorption of single and binary dye solutions.     

Number of Trays in Gas–Liquid Columns in Case of Intensive Entrainment: Broadening of the Kremser Equation

The paper deals with the tray efficiency estimation in the presence of entrainment, using one-parametric diffusion model for the column as a whole. The case of mass transfer in the trayed column accompanied by intensive entrainment of liquid is analysed, when both equilibrium and ‘dry working regime’ operating lines are straight. Using proposed algorithm it is possible to determine the number of actual trays in the column based on the inlet and outlet concentrations in one phase, inlet concentration in the other phase and the characteristics of mass transfer at trays. The obtained equations present the broadening of well-known Kremser equations.     

非理想溶液间歇精馏的计算机辅助设计

为了提高二元非理想溶液间歇精馏的设计效率,提出了恒馏出液组成和恒回流比两种间歇精馏操作方式的计算机辅助设计法。采用由智能拟合法得到的汽液相平衡方程逐板计算求理论塔板数,高斯-勒让德数值积分法求有关积分,可视化的Visual Basic 6.0语言编制设计软件。将设计参数输入软件,可快速准确地求出二元非理想溶液间歇精馏的众多设计和操作参数,还可求出回流比与釜液温度的关系,实现由釜液温度前馈控制间歇精馏过程。计算机辅助设计法极大地提高了二元非理想溶液间歇精馏的设计效率。     

Accurate representation of the colour of physical samples on a cathode ray tube graphics monitor

A colour graphics monitor has been calibrated using data obtained with a telespectroradiometer (TSR) by the method known as gamma correction. The accuracy of the calibration was checked by measuring standard surface colours with a spectrophotometer, displaying the colours on the monitor, and obtaining chromaticity and luminance readings for them with the TSR. Excellent correlation was achieved. Chromaticity coordinates have also been successfully predicted for screen colours.     

耙料机集散控制系统的设计

以PLC或智能仪表作现场控制器,以工控机配置组态王软件作为上位机,实现数据的联网共享,是目前工厂自动化的流行配置,它和触摸屏技术相结合,可以适应恶劣的工作环境,改善工作条件.介绍此种控制技术在某化肥厂耙料机控制系统中的应用.     

塑料注射成型数值模拟计算结果的可视化方法

为了处理注塑成型数值模拟计算所产生的大量数据，文中给出了用计算机图形技术显示结果数据的方法，对于更好、更有效地理解和使用计算数据提供了直观的手段。     

Computer Simulation of Float Glass Stretching

Manufacture of thin float glass entails stretching glass from its equilibrium thickness of ≃ 7 mm. The glass ribbon is stretched mainly in the longitudinal dimension. However, when edge rollers are used, significant stretching occurs in the lateral dimension also and an earlier one-dimensional analysis of stretching cannot model this more complex process. This paper presents a two-dimensional computer model of stretching and the results of a typical simulation based on this model. These results demonstrate the model's ability to simulate stretching and flow in two dimensions. The present model can be used to perform computer experiments to study the effects of various operating conditions on the dimensions and quality of float glass.     

基于ANSYS Workbench的直线振动筛动态特性分析

直线振动筛的动态特性对于筛机的正常稳定运行有着重要意义。利用SolidWorks建立直线振动筛的简化模型,导入Workbench中进行模态分析,得到筛箱前10阶的固有频率和振型。通过谐响应分析,获得筛箱的频响曲线,以及工作频率16.17Hz和工作频率附近弹性模态22.85Hz下筛箱的位移响应和应力响应,分析其数值和分布规律,为筛箱的设计及优化提供参考。     

经编二元网在双加压法硝酸装置的应用

通过对双加压法硝酸装置铂网使用情况和铂网脱边事故的统计，分析了氧化炉采用平编三元网存在的问题；论述了经编二元网的特性和优点；计算了铂网的生产强度和接触时间，确定了铂网丝径；总结了硝酸装置使用经编二元网的运行效果和经济效益，结果表明，吨酸氨耗降低了2．48kg，铂耗降低了10mg，经编二元网优于平编三元网。     

圆筒型原油加热炉管内外传热及管内压力降的计算

本文对圆筒型管式加热炉中辐射室的传热过程进行了分析.管外用比较严格的柱坐标系下能量守恒方程加以描述,得到一个积分-微分方程组,然后在一定的简化条件下,用Monte-Carlo法及差分法求解此积分-微分方程组.管内将原油分割成若于虚拟组分,采用Soave状态方程,进行多元组分的计算,直接算出汽液两相的相平衡组成以及两相的各种物理性质和热力学性质,然后进行管内传热及压力降的计算.本工作对原油常压圆筒炉用计算机进行了计算,计算结果与该炉的现场数据作了初步比较,结果表明上述方法是可行的,并很容易推广至方型炉中.     

平衡分解率模拟分解炉工艺特性

应用高温、悬浮态气固反应试验台测得的碳酸钙平衡分解率，建立了分解炉的数学模型，并针对某水泥厂的物料及工艺参数进行了分解炉工艺特性模拟实验，提出了用平衡因子评价实际分解炉状态的概念，其模拟结果与实际情况有很好的可比性。这种模型可用于各种类型分解炉的工艺特性研究、工业设计和生产控制。     

镍造锍熔炼过程及伴生元素行为的计算机模型

借助于多相多成份系统平衡计算，开发了硫化镍矿造锍熔炼过程的数学模型，对卡尔古利镍闪速炉的实际生产操作进行了模拟，并将预测结果与实际生产数据进行了比较，吻合得较好．热力学计算表明：在镍熔炼过程中，Ｎｉ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｓ，Ｏ等在冰镍、渣相和气相中的分配取决于操作条件和热力学量，如熔炼温度、炉料成份、风矿比、富氧浓度及各组份在体系各相中的活度系数．     

Shell煤气化装置模拟计算和操作优化软件的开发与应用

Shell煤气化装置模拟计算及操作优化软件具有5项功能,即建立煤质数据库与获取煤质数据、气化炉模拟计算、气化炉优化计算、气化装置模拟计算、开车表计算。本研究中,气化炉采用化学能量平衡模型,水冷壁的传热量计算采用经验模型进行模拟。结果表明,软件模拟结果与中石化安庆分公司Shell煤气化装置运行数据吻合较好,模拟结果可靠,能用于Shell煤气化装置在线和离线模拟和优化计算、开车表计算等,对于Shell煤气化装置实现安全、稳定、长周期、优化运行具有科学指导作用。     

Properties of ink‐jet printed,ultraviolet‐cured pigment prints in comparison with screen‐printed,thermo‐cured pigment prints

A collection of printed fabrics for men’s shirts was designed and prepared using computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing technology. The colours for designs were ink‐jet printed on cotton fabrics with pigments and ultraviolet‐cured. These prints represented the target colours for subsequent flat‐screen printing, which was performed using pigment printing pastes and thermal curing. For an exact transfer of colours of the ink‐jet‐printed standard into the screen‐printing process, a computer recipe prediction method was used. A comparison of colorimetric parameters of fabrics printed with both printing techniques shows minimal and acceptable differences in the CIELab colour values. A comparison of colour fastness properties proves that very good colour fastness is achieved on the pigment‐printed fabrics produced with both printing techniques. The flat‐screen‐printed fabrics show better colour fastness to washing, perspiration and rubbing, while ink‐jet‐printed fabrics show better colour fastness to dry‐cleaning and light. The fabrics printed with both printing techniques have high rigidity and non‐elastic properties. The mechanical and physical parameters are strongly dependent upon the amount of the dry substance of the printing media applied on the cotton fabric surface, which is higher on screen‐printed fabrics. The ink‐jet‐printed fabrics show better air permeability than flat‐screen‐printed fabrics.