天气影响下Ka频段移动卫星通信系统的性能

本文建立了ka频段移动卫星通信系统模型,并利用计算机进行仿真给出了不同天气时信号的误码率,为实际的系统设计提供了理论基础。在本文中信道模型建立为雨衰和多径阴影衰落信道。在该模型中,雨衰信道服从高斯分布,阴影衰落信道服从Nakagami-Rayleigh分布。与现在广泛应用的Loo模型相比,此阴影模型能够更好地利用计算机进行仿真,并能提供较清晰的数学表达式,对陆地移动卫星系统进行定性定量的性能预测。     

UHF频段卫星移动信道建模与仿真

分析了UHF频段卫星移动信道衰落特性,分析了4种典型场景下多径分量的多普勒功率谱和多径时延功率谱。利用WSSUS模型,结合电离层闪烁和阴影效应的程度,分别建立了4种场景下的信道模型。根据理论计算和参考文献分析了不同场景下信道的参数,对卫星移动信道模型进行了仿真,并给出了不同场景的误码率性能曲线。仿真结果表明,该信道模型能够真实反映UHF卫星移动信道的特性,对于卫星移动通信系统关键技术的研究具有指导意义。     

低轨卫星移动通信系统中译码前传协作策略的性能研究

卫星移动通信信道是典型的衰落信道,其信道特性在不同的环境中通常被表述为三种衰落形式,即Rayleigh 衰落、Rician衰落和遮蔽Rician衰落.为了保证可靠的通信,系统需要采用具有较强抗衰落能力的技术来进行信号的传输.近年来,协作分集技术因其能显著地提高无线通信系统的性能而吸引了大量的研究关注.莱曼等人的研究中提出了多种协同策略,包括放大前传,译码前传和编码协同等.本文中提出将协作分集技术应用在低轨卫星移动通信系统用户下行链路(卫星和终端用户之间的通信链路)中以减小信道衰落的影响.建立系统模型,分析得出该系统采用译码前传协作策略的通用误码率公式,由此推导出用户下行链路在Rayleigh衰落信道、Rician衰落信道、遮蔽Rician衰落信道条件下的系统误码率公式.仿真结果表明,理论分析和仿真结果完全吻合,本系统相对于传统无协作系统有较大的性能优势.     

卫星移动通信RAKE接收机误码率性能分析

分析了基于CDMA低轨道卫星移动通信RAKE接收机的误码率性能。在给出郊区环境和城市环境两个 卫星移动通信信道模型的基础上,本文针对郊区环境模型,推导出二进制正交FSK调制方式下,最大比合并RAKE 接收机的系统平均误码率公式,并在不同阴影遮蔽参数条件下,对提出的公式进行了数值分析。     

卫星移动通信信道LR2模型及系统性能分析

在对卫星移动通信信道传播特性进行分析的基础上,综合目前提出的各种卫星移动信道传播模型,提出了一种新的Lognormal—Rice—Rayleigh模型(简称LR^2模型)。从该模型可以推导到其它各种经典的卫星移动信道传播模型,并且具有良好的全波段特性(从UHF到Ka)和实际逼真度。还给出了LR^2模型从UHF到Ka各个波段的仿真效果和参数优化公式,全面分析了与信道模型有关的各种参数如电平通过率(LCR)、平均衰落时长(AFD)、相位分布、误码率、块差错率等,为信道模型的应用作了较全面的阐述。     

在宏分集接收技术下扩频信道的容量分析

研究的是在服从瑞利分布受阴影效应影响的衰减信道中。采用直接序列扩频方式的CDMA无线移动通信系统的信道容量。用到的模型是以多用户检测宏分集(MDM)接收技术为基础建立的，他的特点是在阴影衰落信道中．在误码率较低的条件下,取得较高的数据传输速率。其信道容量可由每个小区中的用户数量来确定。     

在卫星移动信道中不同条件下Turbo码的纠错性能研究

研究了采用Turbo码技术的抗衰落性能,首先分析了Turbo码在卫星移动遮蔽Rician衰落信道下的误差纠错性能限,然后通过计算机仿真模拟了三种不同的卫星移动衰落信道下Turbo码的性能,研究了不同衰落信道特性对Turbo码性能的影响情况,同时还讨论了在衰落信道下Turbo码的子码约束长度和交织器长度两个主要参数对性能的影响情况。     

移动平台对无线信道特性的影响分析

针对移动平台对无线信道特性的影响,在分析移动多径信道特性的基础上,建立了不同信道模型下多普勒效应的计算机仿真模型。不仅针对不同信道衰落条件下平台移动引起的多普勒效应进行仿真,而且为进一步阐述多普勒效应的影响,还对平台移动引起的数字通信误码率进行了仿真。信真结果表明,平台移动不但会扩展多普勒频谱,而且会加快信道衰落,造成误码率上升。     

阴影衰落信道下多波束卫星移动通信系统的动态信道分配策略

针对已有动态信道分配策略在阴影衰落环境中性能损失较大的问题,对卫星移动通信系统的阴影衰落信道模型进行分析,提出了一种动态信道分配策略。该策略结合用户的运动状态,通过在用户的预测运动轨迹上选取抽样点,将这些抽样点的平均干扰作为信道分配的指标,并采用链路质量约束避免了流量较大时的性能恶化。仿真结果表明提出的动态信道策略可在不增大阻塞率的前提下,在中低流量时将用户平均信噪比提高约0.5 dB。该策略可以应用于阴影衰落信道下的地面移动卫星通信系统,以提高用户的平均链路性能。     

卫星移动通信信道模型和误码率特性分析

在对卫星移动信道传输特性统计模型研究分类的基础上，给出了适合卫星移动信道的部分阴影扩展模型。用试验和修正的方法给出了模型参数，得到的模型适用于非静止轨道变仰角信道，分析了非静止轨道卫星通信系统窄带调制和宽带扩频调制的误码率性能，得到了有意义的结论。     

Computer models for fading channels with applications to digitaltransmission

The authors describe computer models for Rayleigh, Rician, log-normal, and land mobile satellite fading channels. All computer models for the fading channels are based on the manipulation of a white Gaussian random process. This process is approximated by a sum of sinusoids with random phase angle. These models compare very well with analytical models in terms of their probability distribution of envelope and phase of the fading signal. For the land mobile satellite fading channel, results of level crossing rate and average fade duration are given. These results show that the computer models can provide a good coarse estimate of the time statistic of the faded signal. Also, for the land mobile satellite fading channel, the results show that a 3-pole Butterworth shaping filter should be used with the model. An example of the application of the land mobile satellite fading channel model to predict the performance of a differential phase-shift keying signal is described     

Ka-band land mobile satellite channel model incorporating weathereffects

A Ka-band land mobile satellite (LMS) channel model which is able to take into account weather impairments is proposed. The statistics of the received signal and the BER performance of the system under the proposed channel model are obtained and compared with the results generated using Loo's weather-affected LMS channel model. The proposed Ka-band (20/30 GHz) LMS channel model is shown to be more reasonable as it gives realistic results     

Forward Error Correction Coding for Fading Compensation in Mobile Satellite Channels

Fading in mobile satellite communications severely degrades the performance of data transmission. The channel is modeled with nonfrequency selective Rice and Rayleigh fading. Also, stored channel simulation is used for hardware data transmission. FEC coding with Viterbi decoding of convolutional codes, and Berlekamp-Massey decoding of Reed-Solomon codes, are used to compensate for the fading. In addition to interleaving, channel state and erasure information improve the performance of the decoder. The BER after decoding is calculated for specific codes on several channels and for different transmission schemes. Using very simple channel state and erasure information gives 2-7 dB additional coding gain. These gains have been verified by hardware data transmission on synthetic fading channels and stored mobile satellite channels.     

The land mobile satellite communication channel-recording,statistics, and channel model

The communication channel between the MARECS satellite at 26°W and a cruising van was measured and recorded in European areas exhibiting satellite elevations from 13 to 43°. Different environments and mobile antennas were tested. The results of an extensive statistical evaluation include spectra of the fading amplitude; probability density, and distribution of the received signal power; and the percentage of time for fade and nonfade periods. Based on the physical phenomena of multipath fading and signal shadowing, an analog model of the land mobile satellite channel which can readily be used for software and hardware fading simulation is developed. The most important parameter of this model is the time-share of shadowing. The Rice factor which characterizes the channel during unshadowed periods, can vary from 3.9 to 18.1 dB. Block error probability density, error gap distribution, and block error probability are discussed     

Moment Generating Function Based Performance Analysis of Maximal-Ratio Combining Diversity Receivers in the Generalized-K Fading Channels

In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of maximal ratio combing (MRC) diversity receiver of the wireless communication systems over the composite fading environment, which is modelled by using the generalized-K distribution. However, this distribution has been considered as a versatile distribution for the precise modelling of a great variety of the short-term fading in conjunction with the long-term fading (shadow fading) channel conditions. In this proposed analysis, we have derived the mathematical expression for the moment generating function (MGF) of the generalized-K fading channel model that is used to evaluate a novel closed-form expression of the average bit error rate for (BER) the binary phase-shift keying /binary frequency-shift keying and average symbol error rate (SER) for the rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation scheme. We have also derived the mathematical expressions for the outage probability as well as the channel capacity for the generalized-K fading channel model.     

Switched diversity on microcellular Ricean channels

The performances of switched dual diversity systems operating on independent and correlated Ricean fading channels are analyzed using a discrete time model. The average bit error rate (BER) of the discrete time switched diversity system using binary noncoherent frequency shift keying (NCFSK) on slow, nonselective Ricean fading channels is derived. A closed form expression that gives the optimum switching threshold in a minimum error rate sense is derived for the case of independent branch signals. Results for the optimum switching threshold for the case of correlated branch signals, obtained numerically, are also presented. Results using selection diversity combining are obtained for comparison. The effects of fading severity on both the BER and on the optimum switching threshold are investigated. The Ricean fading model may be used to model both the microcellular radio environment and the mobile satellite fading channel. Hence, the results of the paper are useful for both of these areas     

A novel modulation for mobile satellite communications

It is a challenging problem to design a high performance modulation for mobile satellite communications due to the limited power and bandwidth resource. The paper improves Feher patented Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (FQPSK) by redefining the waveform. The novel FQPSK, with constant envelope, can be used to improve the power efficiency and frequency efficiency of mobile satellite communication. The study shows that the improved FQPSK outperforms conventional FQPSK over AWGN and is immune to the non-linearity of high power amplifier. At last, the impact of flat fading and multi-path fading of channel on the BER performance of improved modulation is analyzed.     

Unified BER and optimum threshold analysis of binary modulations in simple and cascaded Rayleigh fading channels with switched combining

Following a unified analytical framework, the bit error rate (BER) of several coherent and non‐coherent binary modulation schemes is derived for a switched diversity system. The two variants of switched combining that have been investigated are switch and stay combining and switch and examine combining. For channel modelling, at first a simple slow flat fading channel is assumed, where the amplitude attenuation obeys the Rayleigh distribution. Later the BER calculations are repeated for cascaded Rayleigh fading channel case. Rayleigh fading is the most popular model for electromagnetic signal propagation in wireless media when both or either of the transmitter/receiver is fixed. On the other hand, when both the transmitter and the receiver are mobile, a cascaded (or double) Rayleigh fading model is better suited. The applicability of these two models, namely simple and cascaded Rayleigh model, has been indicated by several theoretical studies and their suitability is established by various field measurements. In our paper, simple closed‐form BER expressions as a function of switching threshold have been found and optimum switching thresholds have been computed for both these models as well as for both types of diversity combining described earlier. The results presented in this paper can be very useful for communication system designers to analyze link quality of switched diversity assisted systems in various wireless environments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.