强电场对摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

为提高摩擦焊缝金属的变形能力，采用外加电场考察了摩擦焊缝金属的电塑性效应，利用金属组织观察、显微硬度测试及抗拉试验，定量分析了外加强电场对LY12铝合金摩擦焊缝组织与力学性能的影响，结果表明：外加强电场使焊缝金属组织轴向分布梯度减小，等轴性提高；不同焊接压力时，强电场使焊接接头的动态再结晶区宽度有不同程度的增大；在中等摩擦压力作用下，使近轴心线处的动态再结晶区宽度趋干均匀；此外，外加电场使接头焊合区硬度增加，并使焊接接头的硬度分布趋干均匀；采用强规范施焊时，外加电场提高了焊接接头的抗拉强度。     

电场对异种金属摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

研究了外加电场对T2紫铜和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢摩擦焊接头焊合区的显微组织、主要合金元素的扩散区宽度以及接头力学性能的影响．结果表明，外加电场加快了焊合区金属的动态再结品进程，不同形式的电场对焊合区铜侧的组织形态与分布有不同的影响．在负电场(试件接电源负极)作用下，焊合区金厦发生的动态再结晶程度最大，品粒尺寸较大且分布均匀；交流电场使品粒尺寸略有减小．交流电场和负电场通过对金厦内部电子密度的影响，促进了焊接过程中焊缝区Cu、Pe和Cr的扩散，并提高了焊接接头扭转强度。     

Effects of external electric field on microstructure and property of friction welded joint between copper and stainless steel

Formability is a key factor which influences the friction weldability of dissimilar materials. Resistance to formability of metals can be reduced by the electric induced plasticity under an external electric field. Friction welding of T2 Copper and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel was carried out under the electric fields with an attempt to improve the friction weldability of these two materials. Effects of different types of external electric field on the microstructure of the welded joints were investigated and distributions of the dominating elements in the weld zone were analyzed using EDX. Torsion strength of the joints obtained from different welding parameters was tested. It was indicated that the dynamic recrystallization of the weld metal was enhanced by the applying electric fields. For the specimen connected to the cathode of the power supply (referring to negative field), much homogenous distribution of the recrystallized grains in the weld zone appeared. The diffusion distance of the dominating elements increased under either an AC electric field or a negative field. The torsion strength of the welding joints was improved with applying the external electric field, especially with the AC electric field.     

船用TA5钛合金激光焊接接头组织和性能研究

采用IPG光纤激光器对8 mm厚的TA5钛合金进行激光自熔焊接,并对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行分析。结果表明,激光焊接接头表面成形连续、均匀、无飞溅,内部无气孔和裂纹等缺陷。母材组织为细小均匀的等轴α相;焊缝区组织主要由粗大的β柱状晶粒、大量的针状马氏体α'以及少量的板条马氏体组成;热影响区组织主要由等轴α相、少量的针状马氏体α'和少量的残余β组成;在熔合线的边界,柱状晶粒与等轴晶粒联生结晶、外延生长,保证了焊接接头的稳定连接。焊接接头各区域的显微硬度差异较大,最高硬度出现在熔合线附近,焊缝区和热影响区的显微硬度明显高于母材的。对拉伸断裂部位进行观察,拉伸断裂发生在远离焊缝的母材处,这说明激光焊接接头的抗拉强度与母材等强或者略高于母材的,这与大量针状马氏体形成的网篮组织有直接的关系。      

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded copper

The main objective of this investigation was to apply friction stir welding technique (FSW) for joining of 2 mm thick copper sheet. The defect free weld was obtained at a tool rotational and travel speed of 1,000 rpm and 30 mm/min, respectively. Mechanical and microstructural analysis has been performed to evaluate the characteristics of friction stir welded copper. The microstructure of the weld nugget (WN) consists of fine equiaxed grains. Similarly, the elongated grains in the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and coarse grains in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) were observed. The hardness values in the WN were higher than the base material. Eventually HAZ shows lowest hardness values because of few coarse grains presence. Friction stir welded copper joints passes 85% weld efficiency as compared to the parent metal.     

Effect of FSW parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of AM20 welds

This paper aims to demonstrate the successful friction stir welding (FSW) conditions of AM20 magnesium alloy. The maximum yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of weld were found to be 75% and 65% of the base metal strength, respectively. The maximum bending angle of the welded joint was 45°. Observations revealed that less plunging depth, high shoulder diameter, and low tool rotational speed and welding speed give better tensile properties. Maximum temperature was observed at 1?mm away from the tool shoulder toward the advancing side. Micro-hardness variation is found to be decreasing along the depth of the weld, and nugget zone (NZ) gives the higher hardness values when compared with base material (BM) and other welded zones. Needle-like grains of the BM became equiaxed grains due to grain recrystalized by the FSW process. The grains in the NZ were finer than thermo-mechanically affected zone and almost same size of grains observed at bottom, middle, and top of the NZ.     

TC4钛合金线性摩擦焊接头的组织与硬度分析

采用线性摩擦焊焊接TC4钛合金,对焊态下接头的显微组织及硬度进行了分析与测试。结果表明：焊接接头可分为母材区、热机影响区和焊核区。热机影响区组织由母材至焊核区依次为等轴α相和层片状（α＋β）相沿受力方向被拉长组织、纤维状组织中伴有等轴状α和层片状（α＋β）再结晶晶粒、针状α’和少量的α再结晶组织。焊核区组织为针状α’,而且纵向由中心至边缘组织逐渐粗大。垂直于焊缝方向由母材过渡到焊缝中心硬度逐渐由360HV增大到390HV左右,焊核区纵向硬度由中心向边缘逐渐减小到330HV左右。     

搅拌摩擦焊对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

对一种Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金cast-T6状态板片试样搅拌摩擦焊接后的组织与性能进行了研究。结果表明:Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金的搅拌摩擦焊的焊核区发生动态再结晶,为等轴细晶,硬度值最高;热机影响区基体组织具有热变形特征,第二相会粗化、溶解,硬度值稍低;热影响区晶粒尺寸与母材相当,第二相粗化,硬度值低于母材。在本工作实验条件下,cast-T6铸件试样的焊接系数达0.91,且伸长率相对于母材有大幅度提高。断口形貌SEM分析显示,接头断裂模式为韧性断裂。     

焊接速度对 7A52 铝合金 FSW 组织及力学性能的影响

目的在保证搅拌速度一定时,针对8 mm厚的7A52铝合金,在不同焊接速度下采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)进行焊接试验,研究其焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能。方法利用搅拌摩擦焊机进行对接焊接,焊后制取金相试样观察焊接接头宏观形貌和显微组织,并测定其力学性能。结果7A52铝合金FSW焊接接头焊核区的面积随着焊接速度的增大而增大,当焊接速度为250mm/min时,焊接接头的焊核区面积最大,焊核区的显微组织都为细小的等轴晶,焊接接头横截面的焊核区呈明显"洋葱环"的形貌,而热力影响区的结构特征则呈现出了较高的塑性变形流线层。焊接接头显微硬度分布都呈现出"W"形变化,在焊接速度为150 mm/min时,焊接接头的平均抗拉强度能达到452 MPa,达到了母材抗拉强度的89%。结论通过对不同焊接速度下7A52铝合金FSW焊接接头的组织和性能进行研究,得到了不同焊接速度下焊接接头组织和力学性能。     

316L/S32101异种金属焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能研究

目的 研究乏燃料水池用钢板316L与覆板S32101双相不锈钢的焊接性、接头不同区域显微组织特征及接头与母材之间的性能差异.方法 利用氩弧焊接技术对5 mm厚的316L底板与3 mm厚的S32101覆板以搭接的形式进行焊接,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、维氏显微硬度仪和电子万能材料试验机对焊接接头的宏观形貌、显微组织以及力学性能进行研究.结果 316L/S32101焊缝组织主要由铁素体基体、晶界树枝状奥氏体以及晶内细小片状奥氏体所组成;316L侧靠近焊缝处存在一个较窄的熔合区,其组织由奥氏体基体和少许细小分散的铁素体组成,而S32101侧靠近焊缝处组织则由粗大铁素体晶粒和沿晶粒边界分布的若干小块状奥氏体组成.从316L母材区到焊缝区,硬度显著增大,而从焊缝区到S32101母材区,硬度变化很小;焊接接头的抗拉强度高达510 MPa,为两侧316L和S32101母材强度的87.9％和88.6％.结论 在焊接电流为240 A和焊接速度为300 mm/min的条件下,可以通过氩弧焊获得成形良好的搭接接头,且接头的力学性能优异.     

异种高熵合金CuCoCrFeNi和AlCoCrFeNi的激光焊接头组织和性能研究

为开展异种高熵合金激光焊接性研究,采用光纤激光对1.2 mm厚的异种高熵合金CuCoCrFeNi和AlCoCrFeNi实施了对接焊试验,利用金相观察、EDS、XRD和显微硬度计等方法对接头组织和性能进行测试.研究表明:在经历焊接热循环后,HAZ的金相组织没有发生明显变化;在FZ附近发现两种不同类型的显微组织(柱状晶和胞状晶),WM中心区由等轴晶组成;WM区内各元素均匀分布,FZ附近区域焊缝晶界处存在Cu、Al元素的偏聚,与母材相比,该偏聚现象明显减弱;焊缝横截面的显微硬度略高于CuCoCrFeNi合金,远低于AlCoCrFeNi合金;异种接头拉伸试样断裂位置发生在AlCoCrFeNi合金母材处,接头的抗拉强度σb为166 MPa,断口形式为解理断裂,其断口形貌为扇形花样与河流状花样(无撕裂棱).与母材组织相比,焊缝区晶粒明显细化,且焊缝仍为高熵合金.     

Evaluation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 6005 aluminum alloy

Abstract

The microstructural change related with the hardness profile has been evaluated for friction stir welded, age hardenable 6005 Al alloy. Frictional heat and plastic flow during friction stir welding created fine and equiaxed grains in the stir zone (SZ), and elongated and recovered grains in the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The heat affected zone (HAZ), identified only by the hardness result because there is no difference in grain structure compared to the base metal, was formed beside the weld zone. A softened region was formed near the weld zone during the friction stir welding process. The softened region was characterised by the dissolution and coarsening of the strengthening precipitate during friction stir welding. Sound joints in 6005 Al alloys were successfully formed under a wide range of friction stir welding conditions. The maximum tensile strength, obtained at 507 mm min^-1 welding speed and 1600 rev min^-1 tool rotation speed, was 220 MPa, which was 85% of the strength of the base metal.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of linear friction welded S31042 heat-resistant steel

S31042 heat-resistant steel was joined by linear friction welding(LFW) in this study. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the LFWed joint were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, hardness test and tensile test. A defect-free joint was achieved by using LFW under reasonable welding parameters. The dynamic recrystallization of austenitic grains and the dispersed precipitation of NbCrN particles resulting from the high stress and high temperature in welding, would lead to a improvement of mechanical property of the welded joint.With increasing the distance from the weld zone to the parent metal, the austenitic grain size gradually increases from ~1μm to ~150μm, and the microhardness decreases from 301 HV to 225 HV. The tensile strength(about 731 MPa) of the welded joint is comparable to that of the S31042 in the solution-treated state.     

超声冲击对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响

目的分析超声冲击对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊成形后接头的组织及耐蚀性的作用效果。方法采用超声冲击设备对2A12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头表面进行超声冲击处理,并对超声冲击前后接头的显微组织、显微硬度以及耐腐蚀性能进行了分析。结果经过超声冲击处理后的铝合金接头上表面会产生一层塑性变形层,并且塑性层内位错密度增大,使表层金属得到一定程度的加工硬化,促使冲击后接头各区域的表面硬度明显提高,冲击后接头热机械影响区和热影响区硬度提高达60%以上;腐蚀浸泡试验发现,超声冲击后接头的点腐蚀程度较超声冲击前明显减缓,腐蚀速率约是冲击前的1/2。结论超声冲击有效改善了铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头区域材料过时效的软化现象,并且有效改善了接头的抗腐蚀性能。     

6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的显微组织与力学性能

对8mm厚的6082-T6铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊接试验,焊后对工艺参数与接头显微组织及力学性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明：焊核区显微组织为细小等轴晶组织。分析焊接速度对接头抗拉强度的影响得出规律：随着焊接速度的增大,接头强度增大,但焊接速度达到一定值时,接头性能达到最高值,之后随着焊接速度变大,接头就会出现缺陷,影响接头的性能。     

压铸态AZ91D镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织研究

采用搅拌摩擦焊工艺对4mm厚的压铸态AZ91D镁合金进行对接工艺实验,搅拌头旋转速率1500r/min,焊接速率120mm/min;使用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对焊接接头微观组织进行了研究。结果表明:焊缝外观成形美观,但内部存在贯穿型隧道状孔洞缺陷;焊核区为典型的变形-再结晶组织,为细小、均匀的等轴晶;机械-热影响区为变形-部分再结晶组织,热影响区组织形貌与母材相近但伴有轻微的长大现象;焊核区与机械-热影响区的过渡具有以下特征:在前进侧呈现"突变"特征,在后退侧呈现"渐变"特征。     

Q960E超高强钢焊接接头组织和性能研究

目的 对Q960E超高强钢的焊接工艺进行研究以获得高强高韧的焊接接头。方法 选择超高强钢Q960E作为母材、FK1000ER120S–G焊丝作为填充材料进行MAG焊,采用改变焊接电流的方式来研究焊接热输入对焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果 当焊接电流为155～230 A时,均获得了全焊透无明显缺陷的焊缝。随着焊接热输入的增大,焊接接头中各亚区宽度增大,其中焊缝区变化最为显著,在最小热输入条件下焊缝宽度为3.98 mm,在最大热输入条件下焊缝宽度增至5.53 mm。对焊接接头进行组织分析发现,焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体和板条马氏体;完全相变区组织主要为板条马氏体;未完全相变区组织主要为回火马氏体和部分重结晶形成的马氏体。硬度测试表明,在热影响区的回火区发生了软化现象,最低硬度仅为290HV;在完全相变区发生了硬化现象,硬度最大值可达500HV。在不同热输入条件下,焊接接头各亚区硬度变化趋势一致,焊接接头抗拉强度为995～1 076 MPa,拉伸试验均断裂在热影响区,断后伸长率为9.33%～10.21%,断裂时存在颈缩现象,为韧性断裂。随着热输入的增加,粗晶区马氏体板条束宽度增大,未完全相变区...     

热处理对2519铝合金接头组织及性能的影响

研究了焊后时效及固溶＋时效热处理对2519铝合金焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响．结果表明,时效处理后,处于欠时效态的焊缝析出强化相增加,硬度升高,而过时效态的热影响区软化区组织和硬度没有明显变化,焊接接头的强度略微提高,塑性下降．固溶＋时效处理后,焊缝中网状共晶减少,焊缝和热影响区软化区内的析出相形态变为细小的针状,且数量增加,焊缝金属硬度明显提高,热影响区的软化现象消失,焊接接头的强度和塑性显著增加．     

异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头的微观组织与力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对4mm厚的5083铝合金与6082铝合金进行了焊接,对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了分析。结果表明,焊核区由细小的等轴再结晶组织构成,6082铝合金在前进侧的抗拉强度大于5083铝合金在前进侧的抗拉强度,正弯试验与背弯试验角度都达到180°。     

Microstructural evolution of a TC11 titanium alloy during linear friction welding

Linear friction welded titanium alloy microstructures were investigated to understand the microstructural evolution in the joints. The results show that extrusion of material at the rubbing interface occurred after complete transformation of alpha to beta phase. Finer prior-beta grains were obtained in the flash as compared to the parent material due to dynamic recrystallization. Metallographic examination revealed that two different structures were existed in the joints, i.e., thermomechanically affected zone developing at the edge of joint and weld appearing in the central portion of joint. Although no dynamic recrystallization was observed in the thermomechanically affected zone, the phase transformation would occur concurrently with material deformation during welding. In contrast, dynamic recrystallization had occurred in the weld. Effect of welding parameter on the microstructure was investigated by changing amplitude of oscillation (1.56–2.03 mm). Some defects such as kiss bonding and porosity occurred in the joint at relatively low amplitude of oscillation. Therefore, relatively high amplitude of oscillation is more preferable for obtaining a fully bonded joint.