湿法炼锌两步除铁工艺的研究

河北远大中正生物科技公司湿法炼锌除铁工艺,一直采用双氧水氧化Fe2+为Fe3+,针矿沉铁法得到合格的料液。由于反应过程中生成胶体物质,造成过滤困难,生产效率低下。通过实验室及工业化实验研究了将一步除铁变为两步除铁,即黄铁钒法和针铁矿法相结合工艺。经验证明,两步除铁工艺既解决了过滤难问题,又缩短了生产周期,取得了较好效果。     

浸出矿浆双氧水氧化除铁实验研究

针对采用焙砂(尘)-氧硫混合矿联合浸出工艺,在联合浸出段采用锰粉氧化-中和除铁中锰粉用量大导致电解液中Mn~(2+)含量过高的问题开展双氧水氧化除铁实验研究。研究了终点pH值、温度、双氧水加入量以及时间等影响因素,结果表明:温度60℃,终点pH值控制在5.0左右,反应时间20 min,双氧水加入量为理论加入量的1.2倍时,除铁率可以达到99.55%。     

硫酸体系钴合金浸出液除铁试验研究

分别采用氧气氧化法和双氧水氧化法净化某钴合金浸出液,比较了两种方法除铁的效果。氧气氧化法除铁渣钴、镍钴损失大;双氧水氧化法除铁钴镍损失很小;扩大试验结果表明,此工艺有良好的工业应用前景。     

用针铁矿法从锌矿石浸出液中除铁试验研究

研究了用针铁矿法从锌矿石浸出液中除铁。试验结果表明,采用30%的双氧水作氧化剂,在温度95℃、溶液pH 4.8、双氧水用量16.67 mL/L、沉铁渣用量16.72g/L条件下反应5h,陈化2h,除铁率达99.99%。该工艺除铁效果较好,除铁后液符合工业要求。     

铝土矿选矿尾矿酸法提铝除铁实验研究

采用黄钾铁矾法,对铝土矿选矿尾矿酸法提铝后的高铁硫酸铝溶液进行了除铁实验,考察了亚铁离子的氧化条件、除铁反应的pH、时间、温度、晶种等因素对除铁效果的影响,确定了黄钾铁矾法除铁的最佳工艺条件为:先将高铁硫酸铝溶液在温度为30℃,双氧水用量为100 ml/L,时间为5 min的条件下氧化处理,然后在温度为95℃,pH=2,晶种用量为10 g/L,反应时间为180 min的条件下反应除铁。此条件下溶液的除铁率为95%,铝损失15%,溶液微黄。     

The Study of Extracting Alumium and Removing Iron from Bauxite Tailings by Acid Method

采用黄钾铁矾法,对铝土矿选矿尾矿酸法提铝后的高铁硫酸铝溶液进行了除铁实验,考察了亚铁离子的氧化条件、除铁反应的pH、时间、温度、晶种等因素对除铁效果的影响,确定了黄钾铁矾法除铁的最佳工艺条件为:先将高铁硫酸铝溶液在温度为30℃,双氧水用量为100 ml/L,时间为5 min的条件下氧化处理,然后在温度为95℃,pH=2,晶种用量为10 g/L,反应时间为180 min的条件下反应除铁.此条件下溶液的除铁率为95％,铝损失15％,溶液微黄.     

铜再生烟灰浸出液净化试验

铜再生灰浸出液中含有Cu、Zn、Fe、Cd等多种有价金属。采用“Lix984+磺化煤油”有机相从铜再生灰浸出液中萃取分离铜,并采用中和除铁法对萃余液中的铁沉淀分离。探究了萃取级数、萃取相比O/A、萃取剂浓度、水相初始pH、萃取时间对Cu2+与其它金属离子萃取分离的影响,以及溶液pH、反应温度、反应时间对萃铜余液除铁过程的影响。萃铜试验优化条件为：萃取级数2级、萃取相比3︰4、萃取剂浓度15%、萃取时间2 min、萃取初始水相pH=1.5。除铁试验最佳参数为：中和终点pH=4.0、反应温度40 ℃、陈化时间1 h。在最佳条件下,Cu的萃取率为99.12%,与Zn、Cd、Fe的分离系数分别为1 317.9、1 178.7和651,实现Cu与其它金属的有效分离。萃铜余液除铁率达99.67%,除铁后液满足锌电解液对Fe浓度的要求。     

降低钴浸出液中铁杂质含量研究

某钴冶炼厂采用中和水解法除铁,在除铁过程中,存在除铁率低、铁渣中夹钴率高(达到14%)等问题。对此,采用中和水解法来降低除铜后钴浸出液中铁含量,对影响除铁的参数进行多因素试验。结果表明,在氧化还原电位0.40V、终点pH在4.00~4.25、除铁时间控制在6.5h以上、空气流量大于0.8倍溶液/min,除铁温度在50℃以上时,除铁率达到99%,钴夹带率降低到≤1%。     

钴浸出液氧化中和除铁的实验研究

以钴浸出液为原料,以CaCO3为中和剂,以H2O2为氧化剂,通过氧化中和法进行除铁实验。主要考察了H2O2用量、沉淀pH值、反应温度和反应时间对除铁率和钴回收率的影响。实验结果表明:最优的工艺条件是,H2O2用量为理论用量的1.5倍,控制沉淀pH值在4.0,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为2.5 h;在最优工艺条件下除铁率可达99.5%,钴回收率大于99%,除铁效果良好。     

深海粘土硫酸浸出液中除铁试验

采用磷酸铁法对深海粘土硫酸浸出液进行除铁试验,考察磷酸用量、终点pH、沉铁温度等因素的影响,并与中和除铁进行对比。结果表明,磷酸铁法除铁最佳条件为:磷酸用量为理论值的1.2倍、除铁温度30℃、终点pH=2.5,除铁率达94.77%,重稀土Y~(3+)损失率仅1.37%,与中和沉淀法相比,除铁效果相近,但Y~(3+)损失率明显降低,且具有反应快、易过滤等优点。     

基于过氧化氢-紫外体系对NO脱除的试验研究

建立了烟气发生模拟试验装置,采用紫外光在较低温度下激发H2O2产生的活性基团对烟气中的NO进行氧化脱除。研究了H2O2浓度、H2O2温度、NO初始浓度、O2浓度、金属离子催化剂和烟气流量等因素对系统NO脱除效果的不同影响,并通过正交试验得出了该体系的最佳工艺条件。对该条件下的反应产物分析发现,反应后溶液中主要为NO-3,NO-2,Fe3+和过量的H2O2。正交试验证明,该体系NO最大脱除率可达到88.6%,高于其他工艺的脱除效率,具有工程应用价值。     

Effects of Reagent Concentrations on Advanced Oxidation of Amoxicillin by Photo-Fenton Treatment

The degradation and mineralization of amoxicillin in an aqueous solution was accomplished by using a photo-Fenton treatment. An ultraviolet light source with a 254-nm wavelength was used with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and iron(II). The effects of reagent concentrations on amoxicillin degradation and mineralization were investigated systematically by using the Box-Behnken statistical experiment design. Amoxicillin (10–200??mgL-1), H2O2 (10–500??mgL-1), and iron(II) (0–50??mgL-1) concentrations were considered independent variables; the percent amoxicillin degradation and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal (mineralization) were the objective functions to be maximized. Both H2O2 and iron(II) concentrations affected the extent of the amoxicillin degradation and mineralization. The amoxicillin degradation was completed within 2.5?min, and 53% mineralization took place within 60?min. The optimum H2O2∶Fe∶amoxicillin ratio that resulted in complete amoxicillin degradation and 53% mineralization was 100∶40∶105??mgL-1.     

锌冶炼过程中浸渣加压还原酸浸除铁工艺优化

铁是金属锌产品中主要的杂质元素之一,如何去除是目前锌冶炼生产过程亟须解决的技术难题,湿法锌冶炼中如何除铁已开展了很多研究。介绍了工业上常用的几种湿法锌冶炼工艺流程以及常用的除铁方法,分析了黄钾铁矾法、针铁矿法、赤铁矿法和氧压浸出法等除铁方法的工艺特点以及相应的产品指标,并开展了锌中浸渣加压还原酸浸除铁工艺研究。结果表明：在高温高压条件下,可以同时进行浸锌沉铁,使铁以赤铁矿渣的形式沉淀,达到了浸锌除铁的目的,不需单独设计除铁工序,酸浸液中铁可低于4 g/L,酸度40~50 g/L H2SO4,利用沸腾焙烧炉产出的SO2烟气作为还原剂通入高压釜前段将溶液中Fe3+还原为Fe2+, Fe3+还原率高达94%,将O2通入高压釜中段,对锌中浸渣进行加压酸浸,锌还原浸出率可高达90%。该工艺可以有效解决除铁工艺工序长、设备多、投资大、操作复杂等问题,实现了缩短流程、简化设备、方便操作以及高效安全的生产目的。     

纳米氧化铁的制备及形貌分析

以九水硝酸铁（Fe（NO₃）₃·9H₂O）为铁源,无水乙醇和乙二胺为表面活性剂,采用水热法制备了纳米氧化铁（Fe₂O₃纳米棒）,通过扫描电子显微镜观察分析了Fe₂O₃纳米棒形貌,研究了（Fe（NO₃）₃·9H₂O）质量分数及反应温度对Fe₂O₃纳米棒颗粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,纳米棒的长度和宽度分别约为500～600 nm和50～60 nm;在160～220 ℃范围内,温度对Fe₂O₃纳米棒形貌的影响不显著;在一定范围内提高铁源质量分数可使纳米棒颗粒尺寸变小。Fe₂O₃纳米棒的形成机理为:铁源在强碱性的溶液中反应生成棕黄色絮状沉淀α-FeOOH,该沉淀在高温高压的环境中,在乙二胺作用下脱水形成Fe₂O₃纳米棒。     

水氯镁石复盐法脱水工艺

用烧瓶蒸馏装置模拟固定床脱水设备,研究用苯胺盐酸盐作脱水剂的复盐法将水氯镁石(MgCl2.6H2O)脱水制备无水氯化镁(MgCl2)的过程,考察复盐配料比例、保护气含水浓度、热解温度、热解时间等因素对所制备无水氯化镁产品中氧化镁和水分含量的影响,优化用固定床脱水工艺条件。结果表明,完全脱水和脱苯胺盐酸盐的最佳温度和时间分别是300℃与25～30 min和320～350℃与10～20min。最佳配料摩尔比C6H5NH2.HCl∶MgCl2.6H2O为1.1∶1.0。在最佳条件下,可得到合格的无水氯化镁产品MgCl298%～98.6%,MgO 0.03%～0.38%,苯胺盐酸盐0.10%～0.12%,水分0.60%～0.81%。     

气基竖炉工况焦炉煤气甲烷改质行为试验

 利用焦炉煤气+气基竖炉生产优质海绵铁,可延伸焦化行业产业链,同时可促进中国废钢/海绵铁—电炉短流程发展,改变钢铁行业能源、产品结构。针对典型焦炉煤气,通过基础性试验研究了在气基竖炉工况下,温度、H2O和CO2配比,高温海绵铁载体对焦炉煤气中甲烷改质行为的影响。研究结果表明,提高温度有利于焦炉煤气中甲烷的改质反应,1000℃时改质后有效还原气体体积分数最高可达80%;热态海绵铁对焦炉煤气改质有催化促进作用,可提高CO2参与改质反应比例至84.9%、H2O参与反应比例至100%;CO2配入体积分数2%～6%、H2O配入体积分数4%～10%为促进甲烷改质反应的适宜范围。     

Environmental Factors and the Application of Hydrogen Peroxide for the Removal of Toxic Cyanobacteria from Waste Stabilization Ponds

Toxin-producing cyanobacteria constitute a serious threat to human and environmental health. It is thus essential that an effective treatment guarantees the removal of cyanobacteria from wastewater before its inclusion in water recycling or environmental flow. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been shown to induce cyanobacterial decay in laboratory cultures. However, its application for the removal of cyanobacteria from wastewater treatment ponds under environmental conditions has not been investigated. To examine the effects of environmental factors, field trials were performed at both the mesocosm and full-scale levels. The mesocosm trial was completed under field conditions of incident radiation, with various H2O2 concentrations. A concentration of 1.1×10-4??gH2O2/μg chl-a resulted in a 32% decrease in cyanobacterial concentration after 24?h, and this approximate concentration was then applied to a wastewater treatment pond in the full-scale trial. In the full-scale experiment, intense spatial and temporal monitoring of phytoplankton concentrations and temperature throughout the pond was performed. Cyanobacterial biomass was reduced by 57% and total phytoplankton biomass by 70% within 48?h of H2O2 addition. Mixing and radiation were shown to control the depth reached by H2O2 following addition to the ponds. The synergistic effect of H2O2 addition with environmental factors increased the effectiveness of cyanobacterial removal compared with laboratory experiments. The concentration of H2O2 required for the removal of cyanobacteria under field conditions may be decreased from laboratory studies by an order of magnitude.     

Effects of Different Oxidants on HCl-based Pickling Process of 430 Stainless Steel

To shorten the time required for the pickling process and to enhance the quality of ferritic stainless steel plates,the effects of oxidants including hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),potassium permanganate(KMnO4),and potassium chlorate(KClO3)on the pickling behavior in HCl-based electrolyte as well as the surface quality of hot-rolled and blasted 430 stainless steel(430-SS)were studied.Experiments were conducted using mass-loss tests,microstructure analyses,potentiodynamic polarization curves,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.The results showed that the addition of oxidants substantially accelerated the pickling process of 430-SS by enhancing the cathodic reaction rate and reducing the charge transfer resistance.In electrolytes comprising 5-8mass% HCl at a temperature of 40-60 ℃ and at the same concentration within the range from 0to 2mass%,H2O2 was demonstrated to be superior to KMnO4 and KClO3in accelerating the pickling process.The surface quality of 430-SS pickled in the presence of H2O2 was better than those of specimens pickled in the presence of KMnO4 and KClO3 when the removal of the oxide layer,intergranular corrosion,and surface roughness were collectively considered.When 1mass% H2O2 was added,the mass loss rate of 430-SS was increased by 629%and no residual oxide layer or intergranular corrosion was observed on the surface of the steel;in addition,the roughness was only 1.7μm.H2O2 was determined to be a better oxidant than KMnO4 and KClO3 when the pickling process,surface quality,solution recycling,and environment protection were considered as a whole.     

利用含锌粉尘和铁鳞中锌和铁制备合成Ni-Zn铁氧体

摘要：以电炉粉尘（EAFD）中提取的Zn2+、铁鳞中提取的Fe3+和六水合氯化镍(NiCl2·6H2O)为原料,采用水热法直接制备合成尖晶石型Ni ZnFe2O4。首先探讨了焙烧温度、NaOH与EAFD质量比和焙烧时间对电炉粉尘中Zn2+提取率以及HCl浓度对铁鳞中Fe3+浸出率的影响,然后分析了Ni ZnFe2O4合成条件对其磁性能的影响。结果表明,当NaOH与EAFD质量比为1∶1,焙烧温度为450℃,焙烧时间为1h时,电炉粉尘中锌的提取率为88.77%;当HCl浓度为1.75mol/L时,铁鳞中Fe3+浸出率为96.89%。当EAFD中提取的Zn2+、铁鳞中提取的Fe3+和NiCl2·6H2O的摩尔比控制为1∶20∶9时,可以成功制备尖晶石型Ni-ZnFe2O4,并且对合成的Ni ZnFe2O4进行热处理之后可以显著提高其磁性能,当热处理温度从150℃提高到450℃时,尖晶石型Ni-ZnFe2O4的饱和磁感应强度从13.35（A·m2）/kg增长到40.06（A·m2）/kg。