稳健MM估计在扩散张量成像中的应用

在扩散加权图像中存在由热噪声产生的高斯分布偏差和生理噪声产生的异常点,最小二乘(LS)法对于高斯分布偏差具有较好的估算效果,但是对异常点不稳健。为此,采用稳健MM估计方法对扩散张量成像(DTI)数据进行张量估算,将高失效点算法的估计结果作为初始估计值,进行两步M估计。模拟数据与真实数据的实验结果表明,该估计方法具有较好的稳健性,并能有效估算扩散张量。     

GraceDTI:一个扩散张量成像数据处理与可视化系统

随着高场磁共振的发展和应用,扩散张量磁共振成像(DTI)已经逐步成为一种重要的临床磁共振检查模式。研究了DTI数据的处理和可视化问题,介绍开发的用于DTI图像数据处理和可视化的软件——GraceDTI系统。该系统提供了从扩散张量图像的估计重建、各种导出参数图像的生成、张量场可视化和纤维跟踪与可视化在内的完整的DTI处理与分析功能。该系统可用于临床DTI的辅助诊断,还可作为DTI图像处理的研究平台。     

DTI图像恢复的向量复扩散模型

为了减小扩散张量图像(DTI)中广泛存在的赖斯噪声影响,提出了向量复扩散模型.该模型是标量复扩散模型的推广和发展.为了评价该模型的去噪性能,对向量图像-扩散加权(DW)图像进行了恢复实验.基于模拟和真实数据进行的实验表明,相对于标量复扩散滤波器,向量复扩散滤波方法得到的PSNR和SMSE数值更高,追踪到的纤维数量更多、长度更长,故其去噪性能优于标量复扩散模型.另外,在信噪比较低情况下该模型优于实数域P&M向量滤波器.     

基于多通道小波的DTI图像恢复

扩散张量图像中存在的赖斯噪声给张量计算和脑白质追踪等带来严重影响。为了减少噪声影响,该文采用多通道小波对扩散加权图像进行恢复,采用峰值信噪比来定量地评估本滤波器消除赖斯噪声的性能。基于模拟和真实数据对张量场的表面扩张系数等进行了计算并进行人脑白质纤维追踪。把该去噪方法和单通道小波方法进行比较,实验结果表明,提出的滤波器具有更好的噪声性能。     

信号自适应衰减的多壳扩散磁共振成像方法

提升总体平均扩散传播算子(Ensemble Average diffusion Propagator,EAP)的重建精度一直以来都是扩散磁共振成像领域中扩散光谱成像(Diffusion Spectrum Imaging,DSI)的核心问题.在诸多成像算法中,用径向基函数(Radial Basis Function,RBF)作为扩散MR信号插值基函数的方法在纤维方向分布重建及成像统计标量重建方面均获得了理想的EAP重建效果,为进一步提升重建效率及精度,本文基于RBF方法提出了对信号进行自适应衰减建模的方法,并结合确保扩散张量正定性的张量求解算法,分别基于系数l1,l2正则化方法求解最优化参数以作对比.针对体模数据的实验结果显示,该算法在提升各项指标重建精度及计算效率方面均取得了理想效果.     

一种基于χ2分布的子带噪声估计方法

提出了一种基于χ2分布的子带噪声估计方法.带噪语音信号在临界带进行分解,并且假设子带信号服从χ2分布,然后在各个子带,采用基于χ2分布的改进最小统计量控制递归平均方法进行噪声估计.与传统的改进最小统计量控制递归平均噪声估计相比,该子带噪声估计方法可以利用人耳感知特性,并大大减少计算量.实验结果表明,提出的方法具有较好的噪声跟踪能力和较小的计算需求.采用该噪声估计的语音增强系统具有更强的噪声抑制性能和较好的增强语音信号质量.     

基于LMS自适应算法的图像去模糊研究

传统单幅图像去模糊方法需要稀疏先验约束,导致计算量较大。为此,在自适应最小均方误差(LMS)算法的基础上,提出一种点扩散函数(PSF)估计方法。利用模糊图像得到有效突出边缘,作为自适应滤波器的输入信号,并将模糊图像作为滤波器的期望信号,用以估计PSF。在非盲去卷积过程中,采用各项异性正规化方法对清晰图像进行约束,以减少恢复图像的振铃效应。实验结果表明,该方法不需要先验约束,对运动和非运动模糊图像均可适用,在保留图像细节的同时能抑制平滑区域的噪声。     

扩散张量加权梯度域图像彩色化方法

基于扩散张量的加权拉普拉斯核推广了图像彩色化的泊松解法,该彩色化过程是通过颜色在亮度值扩散张量加权的梯度场引导下自动传播完成的.首先在灰度图像上由用户手工地给定少量的颜色条带;然后计算每个像素的扩散张量,并利用这些扩散张量构造加权梯度场,从而导出基于散度的图像彩色化方程;最后求解方程,获得灰度图像着色结果.实验结果表明:该方法效果良好,比原泊松解法有显著改善.     

显式重定向的扩散张量图像配准

扩散张量图像配准算法是近年图像配准研究的热点与难点之一.针对配准中容易出现的局部极值和张量重定向问题,以欧氏距离为相似性测度,将张量重定向显式融入目标函数,采用模拟退火算法与Powell算法法相结合的混合优化策略,对临床使用的扩散张量图像DTI(Diffusion Tensor Images)进行配准实验.实验结果表明,该算法稳定性良好,在对扩散张量图像进行配准时,能有效保持扩散张量主特征方向与纤维走向的一致性,同时成功解决了局部极值的困扰,是一种实用的扩散张量图像配准方法.     

基于旋转不变测度的扩散张量图像配准

扩散张量成像（Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging,DT-MRI）是一种新兴的磁共振成像技术,作为非侵入性的分析大脑内部结构的重要工具,DTI在神经外科学等临床领域的研究中发挥着重要的作用,与此同时不同个体以及同一个体不同时间采集的DTI数据的配准需求也与日俱增,为满足实际需求提出了一种基于旋转不变测度的扩散张量图像的配准方法,首先对扩散张量图像进行空间变换,使其空间位置一一对应,考虑张量数据的方向性特点,再对每个张量进行重定向,从而保证了配准后的图像其扩散张量方向与周围组织的解剖结构一致。实验结果表明,该方法计算复杂度低,是一种有效的张量图像配准方法。     

Fused DTI/HARDI visualization

High-angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) is a diffusion weighted MRI technique that overcomes some of the decisive limitations of its predecessor, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in the areas of composite nerve fiber structure. Despite its advantages, HARDI raises several issues: complex modeling of the data, nonintuitive and computationally demanding visualization, inability to interactively explore and transform the data, etc. To overcome these drawbacks, we present a novel, multifield visualization framework that adopts the benefits of both DTI and HARDI. By applying a classification scheme based on HARDI anisotropy measures, the most suitable model per imaging voxel is automatically chosen. This classification allows simplification of the data in areas with single fiber bundle coherence. To accomplish fast and interactive visualization for both HARDI and DTI modalities, we exploit the capabilities of modern GPUs for glyph rendering and adopt DTI fiber tracking in suitable regions. The resulting framework, allows user-friendly data exploration of fused HARDI and DTI data. Many incorporated features such as sharpening, normalization, maxima enhancement and different types of color coding of the HARDI glyphs, simplify the data and enhance its features. We provide a qualitative user evaluation that shows the potentials of our visualization tools in several HARDI applications.     

Anisotropy Preserving DTI Processing

Statistical analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data requires a computational framework that is both numerically tractable (to account for the high dimensional nature of the data) and geometric (to account for the nonlinear nature of diffusion tensors). Building upon earlier studies exploiting a Riemannian framework to address these challenges, the present paper proposes a novel metric and an accompanying computational framework for DTI data processing. The proposed approach grounds the signal processing operations in interpolating curves. Well-chosen interpolating curves are shown to provide a computational framework that is at the same time tractable and information relevant for DTI processing. In addition, and in contrast to earlier methods, it provides an interpolation method which preserves anisotropy, a central information carried by diffusion tensor data.     

A Riemannian scalar measure for diffusion tensor images

We study a well-known scalar quantity in Riemannian geometry, the Ricci scalar, in the context of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which is an emerging non-invasive medical imaging modality. We derive a physical interpretation for the Ricci scalar and explore experimentally its significance in DTI. We also extend the definition of the Ricci scalar to the case of high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) using Finsler geometry. We mention that the Ricci scalar is not only suitable for tensor valued image analysis, but it can be computed for any mapping .     

Analysis of Scalar Maps for the Segmentation of the Corpus Callosum in Diffusion Tensor Fields

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a powerful technique for imaging axonal anatomy in vivo and its automatic segmentation is important for quantitative analysis and visualization. Application of the watershed transform is a recent approach for robustly segmenting diffusion tensor images. Since an important step of the watershed-based segmentation is the gradient computation, this paper investigates scalar maps from DTI and their ability to enhance borders and, therefore, their usefulness in gradient calculation. A comparison between existing scalar maps is conducted in the context of segmentation. New diffusion scalar maps, inspired by mathematical morphology concepts are proposed and included in the comparison. The watershed transform is then applied to segment the corpus callosum, based on the computed scalar maps.     

加权核范数降噪算法在扩散加权图像中的应用

目的 扩散加权成像技术是一种能够检测活体组织内水分子扩散运动的无创方法,其对数据的准确度要求较高且对噪声较为敏感。扩散加权图像的自相似性程度高,纹理细节较多且纹理和结构具有重复出现的特性。而获取图像的过程中受到不可避免的噪声干扰会破坏图像的数据准确度,因此对扩散加权图像进行降噪是十分必要的。方法 根据扩散加权图像的特点,提出将加权核范数降噪算法应用于扩散加权图像的降噪。加权核范数降噪算法由于能够利用图像的自相似性,通过对图像中的相似块进行处理从而实现对图像的降噪,该算法能够保存图像中大量的纹理细节信息。结果 通过模拟数据实验和真实数据实验,将加权核范数降噪算法与传统的扩散加权图像降噪算法如各向异性算法进行比较,结果表明,加权核范数降噪算法相较于其他算法得到的峰值信噪比至少高出20 dB,结构相似性值也至少高出其他算法0.20.5,再将降噪后的图像进行神经纤维跟踪处理,得到的神经纤维平均长度较其他算法至少要长0.20.8且纤维更为平滑。结论 加权核范数降噪算法不仅能够更好地减少扩散加权图像中的噪声,同时也能够最大限度地保存扩散加权图像的纹理细节,降噪效果理想,提高了数据的准确度及有效性。     

Diffusion tensor interpolation profile control using non-uniform motion on a Riemannian geodesic

Tensor interpolation is a key step in the processing algorithms of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), such as registration and tractography. The diffusion tensor (DT) in biological tissues is assumed to be positive definite. However, the tensor interpolations in most clinical applications have used a Euclidian scheme that does not take this assumption into account. Several Rie-mannian schemes were developed to overcome this limitation. Although each of the Riemannian schemes uses different metrics, they all result in a ‘fixed’ interpolation profile that cannot adapt to a variety of diffusion patterns in biological tissues. In this paper, we propose a DT interpolation scheme to control the interpolation profile, and explore its feasibility in clinical applications. The profile controllability comes from the non-uniform motion of interpolation on the Riemannian geodesic. The interpolation experiment with medical DTI data shows that the profile control improves the interpolation quality by assessing the reconstruction errors with the determinant error, Euclidean norm, and Riemannian norm.     

A New Tensorial Framework for Single-Shell High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging

Single-shell high angular resolution diffusion imaging data (HARDI) may be decomposed into a sum of eigenpolynomials of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the unit sphere. The resulting representation combines the strengths hitherto offered by higher order tensor decomposition in a tensorial framework and spherical harmonic expansion in an analytical framework, but removes some of the conceptual weaknesses of either. In particular it admits analytically closed form expressions for Tikhonov regularization schemes and estimation of an orientation distribution function via the Funk-Radon Transform in tensorial form, which previously required recourse to spherical harmonic decomposition. As such it provides a natural point of departure for a Riemann-Finsler extension of the geometric approach towards tractography and connectivity analysis as has been stipulated in the context of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), while at the same time retaining the natural coarse-to-fine hierarchy intrinsic to spherical harmonic decomposition.     

基于复扩散过程的DTI图像恢复和纤维追踪

为了消除扩散加权图像中广泛存在的赖斯噪声,采用了复扩散滤波器。基于模拟数据的实验结果表明,在信噪比低的情况下复扩散滤波器具有更好的消除赖斯噪声的效果。运用本滤波器对脑部DTI图像进行去噪处理并对去噪后的图像进行纤维追踪,结果显示复扩散滤波器能够有效消除噪声影响从而使得追踪到的脑白质纤维数量增多,长度更长。